建筑施工混凝土裂缝的预防与处理 毕业论文外文翻译1.doc

buildingconstructionconcretecrackofpreventionandprocessingabstractthecrackproblemofconcreteisawidespreadexistencebutagaindifficultinsolveofengineeringactualproblem,thistextcarriedonastudyanalysistoalittlebitfamiliarcrackproblemintheconcreteengineering,andaimatconcretethecircumstanceputforwardsomeprevention,processingmeasure.keyword:concretecrackpreventionprocessingforewordconcretesising1kindisanticipatebythefreestonebone,cement,waterandothermixturebutformationoftheinadditionmaterialofqualitybrittlenessnotandallmaterial.becausetheconcreteconstructiontransformwithoneself,controletc.aseriesproblem,hardenmodelofintheconcreteexistencenumeroustinyhole,spiritcaveandtinycrack,isexactlybecausethesebeginningstartblemishofexistencejustmaketheconcretepresentonesomenotandallthecharacteristicofquality.thetinycrackisakindofharmlesscrackandacceptconcreteheavy,defendshenandalittlebitotherusefunctionnotacreationtoendanger.butaftertheconcretebesubjectedtolotuscarry,differenceintemperatureetc.function,tinycrackwouldcontinuouslyofexpandwithconnect,endformationwecanseewithouttheaidofinstrumentsofmacroviewthecrackbealsothecrackthattheconcreteoftensayintheengineering.concretebuildingandgoupieceusuallyalltakesewertomakeof,becauseofcrackofexistenceanddevelopmentusuallymakeinnerpartofreinforcingbaretc.materialcreationdecay,lowerreinforcedconcretematerialofloadingability,durableandanti-shenability,influencebuildingofexternalappearance,servicelife,severitywillthreatarrivepeopleslifeandpropertysafety.alotofallofcrashofengineeringsisbecauseoftheunsteadydevelopmentofthecrackwiththeresultthat.modernagescienceresearchwithagreatdealofoftheconcreteengineeringpracticecertificate,intheconcreteengineeringcrackproblemisineluctable,alsoacceptableincertainlyofthescopejustneedtoadoptvalidofmeasurewillitendangerdegreecontrolatcertainofscopeinside.thereinforcedconcretenormisalsoexplicitprovision:somestructureatplaceofdissimilarityundertheconditionallowexistencecertainthecrackofwidth.butatunderconstructionshouldasfaraspossibleadoptavalidmeasurecontrolcrackcreation,makethestructuredontappearcrackpossiblyorasfaraspossibledecreasecrackofamountandwidth,particularlywanttoasfaraspossibleavoidharmfulcrackofemergence,insureengineeringqualitythus.concretecrackcreationofthereasonbealotofandhavealreadytransformedtocauseofcrack:suchastemperaturevariety,constringency,inflation,theasymmetrysinktosinketc.reasoncauseofcrack;haveoutsidecarrythecrackthatthefunctioncause;protectedenvironmentnotappropriatethecracketc.causedwithchemicaleffect.wantdifferentiationtotreatintheactualengineering,workoutaproblemaccordingtotheactualcircumstance.intheconcreteengineeringthefamiliarcrackandtheprevention1.stemsuocrackandpreventionstemthesuocrackmuchappearaftertheconcreteprotectbeoverofaperiodoftimeorconcretesprinkletobuildtocompletebehindofaroundaweek.inthecementsyruphumidityofevaporatewouldcreationstemsuo,andthiskindofconstringencyiscantnegative.stemsuocrackofthecreationbemainisbecauseofconcreteinsideoutsidehumidityevaporatedegreedissimilaritybutcausetotransformdissimilarityofresult:theconcreteissubjectedtoexteriorconditionofinfluence,surfacehumiditylossleadquick,transformbigger,innerpartdegreeofhumidityvarietysmallertransformsmaller,biggersurfacestemthesuotransformtobesubjectedtoconcreteinnerpartcontrol,creationmorebigpullshoulddintbutcreationcrack.therelativehumidityismorelow,cementsyrupbodystemsuomorebig,stemthesuocrackbemoreeasycreation.stemthesuocrackismuchsurfaceparallellinesformorthenetshallowthincrack,widthmanybetween0.05-0.2mm,theflatsurfacepartmuchseeinthebigphysicalvolumeconcreteandfollowitmoreinthinnerbeamplankshorttodistribute.stemsuocrackusuallytheanti-shenofinfluenceconcrete,causethedurableoftherusteclipseinfluenceconcreteofreinforcingbar,underthefunctionofthewaterpressuredintwouldcreationthewaterpowersplitcrackinfluenceconcreteofloadingdintetc.concretestemthesuobemainwithwaterashoftheconcreteratio,thedosageofthecomposition,cementofcement,gathertoanticipateofthedosageofthepropertyanddosage,inadditionetc.relevant.mainpreventionmeasure:whilebeingtochoosetousetheconstringencyquantitysmallercement,generallowhotwatermireandpowderashfromstovecementintheadoption,lowerthedosageofcement.twoisaconcreteofstemthesuobesubjectedtowaterashratioofinfluencemorebig,waterashratiomorebig,stemsuomorebig,sointheconcretematchtheratiothedesignshouldasfaraspossiblecontrolgoodwaterashratioofchoosetouse,thechanaddinthemeantimeaccommodationofreducewater.threeisstrictcontrolconcretemixblendwithunderconstructionofmatchratio,useofconcretewaterquantityabsolutecantbiginmatchratiodesigngivesettleofusewaterquantity.fouristheearlierperiodwhichstrengthenconcretetoprotect,andappropriateextensionprotectofconcretetime.winterconstructionwanttobeappropriateextensionconcreteheatpreservationtooverlaytime,andtu2shuaprotecttoprotect.fiveisaconstitutiontheaccommodationisintheconcretestructureoftheconstringencysew.2.thesuconstringencycrackandpreventionsuconstringencyistheconcreteisbeforecondense,surfacebecauseoflosewaterquickerbutcreationofconstringency.thesuconstringencycrackisgeneralatdryheatorstrongwindtheweatherappear,cracksmuchpresentinginthecenterbreadth,bothendsbeinthecenterthinandthelengthbedifferent,witheachothernotcoherentappearance.shortercrackgenerallong20-30cm,thelongercrackcanreachtoa2-3m,breadth1-5mm.itcreationofmainreasonis:theconcreteiseventuallyalmosthavingnostrengthorstrengthbeforetheningverysmall,perhapsconcretejusteventuallyningbutstrengthveryhour,besubjectedtoheatorcomparestrongwinddintofinfluence,theconcretesurfacelosewatertoleadquick,resultininthecapillarycreationbiggernegativepressbutmakeaconcretephysicalvolumesharplyconstringency,butatthistimethestrengthofconcreteagaincantresistitsconstringency,thereforecreationcracked.theinfluenceconcretesuconstringencyopenthemainfactorofcracktohavewaterashratio,concreteofcondensetime,environmenttemperature,windvelocity,relativehumidity.etc.mainpreventionmeasure:oneischoosetousestemthesuovaluesmallerhigherhuosoursaltoftheearlierperiodstrengthorcommonthehuosourbrinemire.twoisstrictthecontrolwaterashratio,thechanaddtoefficientlyreducewatertoincrementthecollapseofconcretefalladegreeandwitheasy,decreasecementandwaterofdosage.threeistosprinklebeforebuildingconcrete,waterbasiclevelandtemplateeventosoakthrough.fourisintimetooverlaytheperhapsdampgrassmatoftheplasticsthinfilm,hempsliceetc.,keepconcreteeventuallybeforetheningsurfaceismoist,perhapsspraytoprotectetc.tocarryonprotectintheconcretesurface.fiveisintheheatandstrongwindtheweathertowanttoestablishtohidesunandblockbreezefacilities,protectintime.3.sinktosinkcrackandpreventionthecreationwhichsinktosinkcrackisbecauseofthestructurefoundationsoilqualitynotandevenly,loosesoftorreturntofillsoildishonestorsoakinwaterbutresultintheasymmetrysinktodeclinewiththeresultthat;perhapsbecauseoftemplatejustdegreeshortage,thetemplateproppeduptooncebeapartfrombigorpropupbottomloosemoveetc.tocause,especiallyatwinter,thetemplatepropupatjellysoilup,jellythesoilturnjellyempresscreationasymmetrytosinktodeclineandcauseconcretestructurecreationcrack.thiskindcrackmanyisdeepenterorpiercethroughsexcrack,italignmenthavesomethingtodowithsinkingtosinkacircumstance,generalfollowwithgroundperpendicularorpresent30s-45capedirectiondevelopment,biggersinktosinkcrack,usuallyhavecertainofwrong,crackwidthusuallywithsinktodeclinequantitydirectproportionrelation.crackwidthundertheinfluenceoftemperaturevarietysmaller.thefoundationaftertransformstabilitysinktosinkcrackalsobasictendinstability.mainpreventionmeasure:oneisrightnessloosesoftsoil,returntofillsoilfoundationaconstructionattheupperpartstructurefrontshouldcarryonnecessityofhangsolidwithreinforce.twoisthestrengththatassurancetemplateisenoughandjustdegree,andpropupfirm,andmakethefoundationbesubjectedtodinteven.threeiskeepconcretefromsprinkleinfusingthefoundationintheprocessissoakbywater.fouristimethattemplatetoredowntocantbetooearly,andwanttonoticetodismantleamoldorderofsequence.fiveisatjellysoiltoptaketoestablishtemplatetonoticetoadoptcertainofpreventionmeasure.4.temperaturecrackandpreventiontemperaturecrackmuchtheoccurrenceisinbigsurfaceordifferenceintemperaturevarietyofthephysicalvolumeconcretecomparetheearthareaoftheconcretestructure.concreteaftersprinklingtobuild,inthehardeningtheprocess,cementwaterturnacreationagreatdealofofwaterturnhot,.(bethecementdosageisinthe350-550kg/m3,eachsignsquarethericeconcretewillreleaseacaloriesof17500-27500kjandmakeconcreteinternalthusthetemperaturerisetoreachto70orsoevenhigher)becausethephysicalvolumeofconcretebemorebig,agreatdealofofwaterturnhotaccumulateattheconcreteinnerpartbutnoteasysendforth,causeinnerpartthetemperaturehoick,buttheconcretesurfacespreadhotmorequick,soformationinsideoutsideofbiggerdifferenceintemperature,thebiggerdifferenceintemperatureresultininnerpartandexteriorhotthedegreeofthebulgecoldsuodissimilarity,makeconcretesurfacecreationcertainofpullshoulddint.whenpullshoulddintexceedtheanti-ofconcretepullstrengthextremelimit,concretesurfacemeetingcreationcrack,thiskindofcrackmuchoccurrenceaftertheconcreteunderconstructionperiod.intheconcreteofunderconstructionbedifferenceintemperaturevarietymorebig,perhapsisaconcretetobesubjectedtoassaultofcoldwaveetc.,willcauseconcretesurfacethetemperaturesharplydescend,butcreationconstringency,surfaceconstringencyoftheconcretebesubjectedtoinnerpartconcreteofcontrol,creationverybigofpullshoulddintbutcreationcrack,thiskindofcrackusuallyjustinmoreshallowscopeoftheconcretesurfacecreation.thealignmentofthetemperaturecrackusuallynonesettleregulation,bigareastructurethecrackoftenmaneuverinterleave;thesizebiggerstructureofthebeamplanklength,thecrackrunparallelwithshortsidemore;thoroughwithpiercethroughsexoftemperaturecrackgeneralandshortsidedirectionparallelismorcloseparallelism,crackalonglongsidecentthesegmentappear,inthecentermoreairtight.crackwidththesizebedifferent,besubjectedtotemperaturevarietyinfluencemoreobvious,wintercomparebreadth,summermorenarrow.theconcretetemperaturecrackthattheheatinflationcauseisusuallyinthecenterthethickbothendsbethin,butcoldsuocrackofthickthinvarietynottooobvious.theemergenceofthethiskindcrackwillcausetherusteclipseofreinforcingbar,thecarbonizationofconcrete,theanti-jellywhichlowerconcretemelt,anti-tiredandanti-shenabilityetc.mainpreventionmeasure:oneisasfaraspossiblechoosetouselowhotormediumhotwatermire,likemineralresiduecement,powderashfromstovecement.etc.twoisadecreasecementdosage,cementdosageasfaraspossiblethecontrolisinthe450kg/m3following.threeistolowerwaterashratio,waterashofthegeneralconcreteratiocontrolbelow0.6.fourisimprovementtheboneanticipateclasstogotogetherwith,thechanaddpowderashfromstoveorefficientlyreducewateretc.tocometoreducecementdosageandlowerwatertoturnhot.fiveisanimprovementconcreteofmixblendtoprocessacraft,lowersprinkleofconcretetobuildtemperature.sixistheinadditionthatthechanaddahaveoffixedamounttoreducewaterandincreasesu,slowningetc.functionintheconcrete,improvementtheconcretemixtomatchathingofmobility,protectwater,lowerwatertoturnhot,postponehotfengofemergencetime.sevenistheheatseasonsprinkletobuildcantheadoptiontaketoestablishtohidesunplanketc.assistancemeasurecontrolconcreteofwensheng,lowertosprinkletemperatureofbuildtheconcrete.eightisthetemperatureofbigphysicalvolumeconcreteshouldthedintrelatetostructuresize,concretestructuresizemorebig,temperatureshoulddintmorebig,sowantreasonablearrangementconstructionworkpreface,layering,centthepiecesprinkletobuild,fortheconvenienceofinspreadhot,letupcontrol.nineisatgreatinnerpartconstitutionofthephysicalvolumeconcretecooloffpiping,coldwaterperhapscoldaircooloff,letupconcreteofinsideoutsidedifferenceintemperature.tenisthesupervisionwhichstrengthenconcretetemperature,adopttocooloffintime,protectionmeasure.11istoreservetemperatureconstringencytosew.12istoletuptocontrol,sprinkleproperbeforebuildingconcreteinthejirockandoldconcretetopbuilda5mmorsosandmatalayerorusageasphaltetc.materialtu2shua.13istostrengthenconcretetoprotect,theconcreteaftersprinklebuildusemoistgrasslianintime,hempslicesetc.overlay,andattentionsprinklewatertoprotect,appropriateextensionprotecttime,assurancetheconcretesurfacebeslow-movingcooloff.atthecoldseason,concretesurfaceshouldconstitutionheatpreservationmeasure,inordertopreventcoldwaveassault.14istheallocationbealittleamountintheconcreteofreinforcingbarperhapsaddfibermaterialconcreteoftemperaturecrackcontrolatcertainofscopeinside.5.crackandpreventionthatthechemicalreactioncausealkalibonesanticipatingthecrackthatreactioncrackandreinforcingbarrusteclipsecauseisthemostfamiliarinthereinforcedconcretestructureofbecauseofchemicalreactionbutcauseofcrack.theconcreteblendafuturereunioncreationsomealkalescenceion,theseionwithsomeactivitytheboneanticipatecreationchemicalreactionandabsorbsurroundingsenvironmentinofwaterbutthephysicalvolumeenlarge,makeconcretecrisploose,inflationopencrack.inthiskindofcrackgeneralemergenceconcretestructureusageperiod,onceappearverydifficultremediable,soshouldatunderconstructionadoptvalidthemeasurecarryonprevention.mainofpreventionmeasure:whilebeingtochoosetoanticipatewiththealkaliactivitysmallfreestonebone.twoistheinadditionwhichchoosetouselowlyemirewithlowalkaliorhavenoalkali.threeisthechanwhichchoosetouseaccommodationwithanticipatetorepressanalkalibonetoanticipatereaction.becausetheconcretesprinkletobuild,flapdaobadperhapsisareinforcingbarprotectionlayerthinner,theharmfulmaterialgetintoconcretetomakereinforcingbarcreationrusteclipse,thereinforcingbarphysicalvolumeoftherusteclipseinflation,causeconcretebulgecrack,thecrackofthiskindtypemuchisacracklengthways,followthepositionofreinforcingbarappear.usuallyofpreventmeasurefromhave:oneisassurancereinforcingbarprotectionthethicknessofthelayer.twoisaconcreteclasstogotogetherwithtowantgood.threeisaconcretetosprinkletonoteandflapdaoairtightsolid.fourisareinforcingbarsurfacelayertu2shuaantisepsiscoating.crackprocessingtheemergenceofthecracknotonlywouldinfluencestructureofwholewithjustdegree,returnwillcausetherusteclipseofreinforcingbar,accelerationconcreteofcarbonization,lowerdurableandanti-ofconcretetired,anti-shenability.thereforeaccordingtothepropertyofcrackandconcretecircumstancewewantdifferentiationtotreat,intimeprocessing,withassurancebuildingofsafetyusage.therepairmeasureoftheconcretecrackismaintohavethefollowingsomemethod:surfacerepairmethod,infusesyrup,theqiansewmethod,thestructurereinforceamethod,concretedisplacementmethod,electricitychemistryprotectionmethodandimitatetolivingfromhealmethod.surfacerepairthemethodbeakindofsimple,familiarofrepairmethod,itmainbeapplicabletostabilityandtostructureloadingtheabilitydonthavethesurfacecrackofinfluenceanddeepentercrackofprocessing.theprocessingmeasurethatisusuallyisasurfaceincrackdauberycementsyrup,thewreathoxygengummireoratconcretesurfacetu2shuapaint,asphaltetc.antisepsismaterial,atprotectionofinthemeantimeforkeepingconcretefromcontinueundertheinfluenceofvariousfunctiontoopencrack,usuallycanadoptionthesurfaceincrackgluetostickglassfiberclothetc.measure.1,infusesyrup,theqiansewmethodinfu