英语科普：认知障碍会给心力衰竭患者带来更严重的后果

Cognitive1 impairment predicts worse outcome in elderly heart failure patients, reveals research presented today at Heart Failure 2015 by Hiroshi Saito, a physiotherapist at Kameda Medical Centre in Kamogawa, Japan. Patients with cognitive impairment had a 7.5 times greater risk of call cause death and heart failure readmission. Heart failure patients with cognitive impairment may get progressively worse at adhering to medications, leading to poorer prognosis. Heart Failure 2015 is the main annual meeting of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and takes place 23 to 26 May in Seville, Spain. The scientific programme is available here. Mr Saito said: “Systematic2 reviews have shown that cognitive impairment is common in patients with chronic3 heart failure. However, the impact of cognitive impairment on the prognosis of heart failure patients is not known. Our study investigated whether cognitive impairment independently predicted the outcome of elderly patients with heart failure.“ The study retrospectively included 136 patients aged4 65 years or over with heart failure who were admitted to Kameda Medical Centre. The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) was conducted to evaluate the presence of cognitive disorder5 in all patients before discharge. Patients were divided into two groups: those with cognitive disorder (score below 27 on the MMSE) and those without (score 27 or above). Patients were 82 years old on average and 47% were men. According to the MMSE, 101 patients (74%) had cognitive disorder. After a follow up of 161 days, 33 patients (24%) were readmitted due to heart failure or died. The researchers found that the prognosis of patients in the cognitive impairment group was significantly worse than the non-cognitive impairment group. They also showed that cognitive impairment predicted a 7.5 times greater risk of worse prognosis in elderly patients with heart failure. The risk remained even after adjusting for other prognostic factors including age, gender6, body mass index, albumin, haemoglobin, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), ejection fraction, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). 词汇解析： 1 cognitive adj.认知的，认识的，有感知的 参考例句： As children grow older,their cognitive processes become sharper.孩子们越长越大，他 们的认知过程变得更为敏锐。 The cognitive psychologist is like the tinker who wants to know how a clock works.认 知心理学者倒很像一个需要通晓钟表如何运转的钟表修理匠。 2 systematic adj.有系统的，有计划的，有方法的 参考例句： The way he works isnt very systematic.他的工作不是很有条理。 The teacher made a systematic work of teaching.这个教师进行系统的教学工作。 3 chronic adj.(疾病)长期未愈的，慢性的；极坏的 参考例句： Famine differs from chronic malnutrition.饥荒不同于慢性营养不良。 Chronic poisoning may lead to death from inanition.慢性中毒也可能由虚弱导致死亡。 4 aged adj.年老的，陈年的 参考例句： He had put on weight and aged a little.他胖了，也老点了。 He is aged,but his memory is still good.他已年老，然而记忆力还好。 5 disorder n.紊乱，混乱；骚动，骚乱；疾病，失调 参考例句： When returning back,he discovered the room to be in disorder.回家后，他发现屋子 里乱七八糟。 It contained a vast number of letters in great disorder.里面七零八落地装着许多信件。 6 gender n.（生理上的）性，（名词、代词等的）性 参考例句： French differs from English in having gender