2014年全国职称英语考试 通关必备利器 卫生类B级押题孙伟老师版 牛津英语同义词字典版 保45分.doc

microscopicmess5 专业第27课卫生b阅读押题机会只给有准备的人。opportunities are only for the prepared person. 卫生今年阅读没有新增文章，押题也就变成了猜题，极不靠普，请大家做好无原题或押不中的准备！2013卫生阅读押题 共1篇文章 第二十九篇“dont drink alone” gets new meaning卫生b 已考过 2014卫生阅读押题 第十九篇 prolonging human life（卫生b）prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population. many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago. because more people live longer, there are more people around at any given time. in fact, it is a decrease in death prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load. in all societies, people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them. in hunting and gathering cultures, old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die. in times of famine, infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved, whereas if the parents survived they could have another child. in most contemporary societies, people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. we have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work; we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age. unless these people were able to save money for their retirement, somebody else must support them. i the united states many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. older people have more illness than young or middle-aged people; unless they have wealth or private or government insurance, they must often go on welfare if they have a serious illness. when older people become senile or too weak and ill to care for themselves, they create grave problems for their families. in the past and in some traditional cultures, they would be cared for at home until they died. today, with most members of a household working or in school, there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person. to meet this need, a great many nursing homes and convalescent hospitals have been built. these are often profit-making organizations, although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups. while a few of these institute ones are good, most of them are simply dumping grounds for the dying in which care is given by poorly paid, overworked and underskilled personnel.练习：1. the writer believes that the population explosion results from .a an increase in birthrates.b the industrial developmentc a decrease in death rates.d cultural advances.2. it can be inferred from the passage that in hunting and gathering cultures .a it was a moral responsibility to keep old-aged people alive.b infants could be left dead in times of starvation.c parents had to impact the cultural wisdom of the tribe their children.d death was considered to be freedom from hardships.3. according to the passage, which of the following statements about retired people in the united states is true?a many of them have a very hard life.b they cannot live a decent life without enough bank savings.c they rely mainly on their children for financial support.d most of them live with their childre and therefore are well looked after.4. in paragraph 3, the phrase “ this need” refers to .a the need to prolong the lives of old people.b the need to enrich the life of the retired people.c the need to build profit-making nursing homes.d the need to take care of a sick and weak people.5. which of the following best describes the writers attitude toward most of the nursing homes, and convalescent hospitals?a sympatheic. b unfriendly.c optimistic. d critical. 第十九篇 prolonging human life（卫生b）prolonging 延长human life人类生命 has increased增加 the size of the human population人口. many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago. because more people live longer, there are more people around at any given time. in fact, it is a decrease in death rates, not an increase in birthrates, that has led to the population explosion爆炸. 人类生命的延长使人口增加了。许多现在还活着的人，如果早出生100年的话，可能在幼年 就得病死了。因为活得长的人越多，在任何一个特定的时间里的人也就越多。实际上导致人口爆炸的是死亡率的降低而不是出生率的增长。 prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load. in all societies, people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them. in hunting and gathering cultures, old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die. in times of famine, infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved, whereas if the parents survived they could have another child. in most contemporary societies, people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. we have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work; we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age. unless these people were able to save money for their retirement, somebody else must support them. in the united states many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. older people have more illness than young or middle-aged people; unless they have wealth or private or government insurance, they must often go on welfare if they have a serious illness. 延长人的生命同时也使要抚养的人数增长了。在所有的社会里，残疾的、太小或太老的以至不能工作的人，要靠社会中其他人的救助。在以狩猎和采集为生的时代，不能跟上其他人的老人会被甩在后面，任他死去。在饥荒年代，人们允许婴儿死，因为如果他们的父母饿死了， 他们也活不成，但是如果他们的父母活下来了，他们还可以再要个孩子。在大部分的当代社会里，人们觉得在道义上负有让人们活着的义务，不管他们能不能工作。现在有许多人已经过了想工作或能工作的年龄；我们也制定了让人们在特定年龄退休的规章制度。除非这些人为他们退休后的生活攒够了钱，否则别人就得负担他们。在美国，许多退休的老人靠很少的一点社会保障金过日子，生活几近赤贫。老年人比年轻人或中年人更容易得病；除非他们很有钱，或有私人或政府的保险金，否则他们在得重病的时候就得靠福利救济。 when older people become senile or too weak and ill to care for themselves, they create grave problems for their families. in the past and in some traditional cultures, they would be cared for at home until they died. today, with most members of a household working or in school, there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person. to meet this need, a great many nursing homes and convalescent hospitals have been built. these are often profit-making organizations, although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups. while a few of these institute ones are good, most of them are simply dumping grounds for the dying in which care is given by poorly paid, overworked and underskilled personnel. 当老年人变得袞老，或太虚弱，病太重以至于不能照料自己时，他们就给他们的家庭带来了 很严重的问题，在过去和一些流传的习俗里，他们会在家中得到照料直到死去。现在，由于大部分的家庭成员都在工作或上学，所以常常没有人在家照料病弱的人。为满足这种需要，许多养老 院和康复医院被建立起来。这些机构通常是福利的，尽管其中有一些是宗教及其他非盈利团体资助的。然而只有少数的这样的机构是好的，它们大部分是垂死的人的“垃圾场，里面的工作是 由一些工资低的、劳动强度大的、没有技术的人做的。练习：1. the writer believes that the population explosion results from .作者认为人口爆炸源于a an increase in birthrates.b the industrial developmentc a decrease in death rates.d cultural advances.2. it can be inferred from the passage that in hunting and gathering cultures .从文章中可推论出在以狩猎和采集为生的时代a it was a moral responsibility to keep old-aged people alive.b infants could be left dead in times of starvation.c parents had to impact the cultural wisdom of the tribe their children.d death was considered to be freedom from hardships.3. according to the passage, which of the following statements about retired people in the united states is true?根据文章，关于美国退休人员下例那一个是真的？a many of them have a very hard life.b they cannot live a decent life without enough bank savings.c they rely mainly on their children for financial support.d most of them live with their childre and therefore are well looked after.相对原则在否定时要小心。4. in paragraph 3, the phrase “ this need” refers to .a the need to prolong the lives of old people.b the need to enrich the life of the retired people.c the need to build profit-making nursing homes.d the need to take care of a sick and weak people.5. which of the following best describes the writers attitude toward most of the nursing homes, and convalescent hospitals?下例那一个最好的描述了作者对养老院的态度？a sympatheic. b unfriendly.c optimistic. d critical. 批评的下列单词在解答作者观点题和结论题时使用频率很高，请在考试前务必记住。optimistic乐观的， disapproval不赞成， consent 同意, support 支持 ，sincere诚挚的, scepti