剑桥商务英语中期1-6单元整理

Open your mind 打开你的心灵Bosses should consider requests for flexible working from employees with children under six. So embrace the benefits: “Twice as much experience, skills, brainpower and energy.” Savage says老板应该考虑的要求灵活的工作员工,6岁以下儿童。所以拥抱的好处:“两倍经验、技能、智力和精力。”野蛮人说Plan for disaster 灾难计划Always discuss the worst-case scenarios. When Margaret Mills, a teacher, lost her job-share partner because of a family illness, a return to full-time work seemed inevitable. We had been over-optimistic. I did manage to find someone else who fitted in with me, but I was very lucky.总是讨论这个最坏的情况。玛格丽特米尔斯老师时,失去了她的家庭分工合作伙伴因为疾病,恢复全职工作似乎是不可避免的。“我们已经过于乐观。我设法找别人在跟我装,但我很幸运Get organised得到组织Plan the system for handing work over carefully and play to each others different strengths. Delegate the workload according to each others particular skills and qualities.仔细计划上交工作制度,发挥彼此的不同优势。代表工作负载根据彼此的特殊的技能和素质。Set your limits设置限制Managers should clarify what they expect in terms of hours, availability and results, and employees should manage their employers expectations. Sue Osborn, a job-sharer for 21 years, says, Were often asked to do five-day weeks. Eventually you just have to say no. 经理应该明确他们所期望的小时,可用性和结果,雇员应该管理他们的雇主的期望。苏奥斯本,21年的分工,说,“经常有人问我们做五天的星期。最终,你只要说“不”。Put pen to paper开始写；落笔Agree in writing arrangements for holidays, parental leave, retirement, etc. Everyone should know where they stand from the beginning书面同意安排假期,产假,退休,等等。每个人都应该从一开始就知道他们的立场Dont feel guilty不要感到内疚Do not work until 1 am at home to make up for not being in the office everyday.在家不工作到1点来弥补不是每天都在办公室。Two become one天生一对 Clients may not like having to deal with two people so work closely together. As Savage says: A job-share should be like a marriage-one voice, one unit.客户可能不喜欢必须处理两人紧密合作。萨维奇说:“一个分工应该像婚姻声音,一个单位。2.12company car公司汽车Speaker 1 Its great because usually it means my wife can use the one at home and we even take mine away at weekends. I work for quite a relaxed company and they dont seem to mind how I use it for leisure.通常很好,因为这意味着我的妻子可以使用一个在家里,我们甚至在周末把我带走。我很轻松的公司工作,他们似乎并不在意我如何用它来休闲flexible working hours 机动工时Speaker 2 I thought it wouldnt change the way I worked after the first six months, but as they got older it actually became more complicated with getting them to school or if they wanted to do activities in the afternoon. But my boss has been really good about it and some days I can do a half day if I want and then I might work later on other days or I take work home, which I dont like doing, but its the only way我认为这不会改变我的方式在前六个月之后,但当他们长大一些实际上变得更加复杂和让他们学校或如果他们想下午做活动。但是我的老板很好,有些日子我可以做一半的一天如果我想,然后我可能会工作在其他天或者我把工作带回家,我不喜欢做的事情,但这是唯一的办法parental leave亲职假Speaker 3 Its actually the law now so they had to let me have it. It was only two weeks but at least I had time to help my wife out. Mind you, after all the late nights and crying I was really happy to get back to work for a while and have a rest!实际上现在的法律,所以他们必须让我拥有它。只有两周,但至少我有时间帮助我的妻子。提醒你一下,毕竟很晚,哭我真的很高兴地回去工作一段时间,休息一下!an impressive job title一个令人印象深刻的工作头衔Ive just been promoted from Assistant IT Technician to Chief Operational Network Administrator (营运网络主管）. It means I get a bit of a pay rise and new business cards with my name on. Im not sure if I get my own office though我刚从助理,技术员被提升为首席运营网络管理员(营运网络主管)。这意味着我的加薪和新名片有我的名字。我不确定我自己的办公室a pension养老金 The problem for me is that I wont have enough to live on when Im 60 and I cant afford a private plan. So Ill probably try and keep working for a few more years, and anyway, I heard the government is planning to rise the age of retirement.对于我的问题是,我没有足够的生活当我60岁,我买不起私人计划。所以我可能会尝试继续工作几年,不管怎么说,我听说政府计划提高退休年龄。Reading What a lovely place Xerox is to work! Kim Moloney, a client services executive, cant say enough nice things about her employer. Its a very special environment, she says, People describe Xerox as a family and I was amazed at the number of people who have worked here for so long.什么是可爱的地方施乐工作!Kim Moloney客户服务主管,不能说足够好的东西对她的雇主。“这是一个非常特殊的环境,”她说,“人们描述施乐作为一个家庭,我是惊讶的人数已经在这里工作了这么长时间。” Its tempting to take Moloneys comments with a pinch of salt, especially considering that when youve been working somewhere for only two years, as she has at Xerox, everyone seems old and established. But theres truth behind her enthusiasm.人们很容易对Moloney的评论将信将疑,特别是考虑到当你在工作的地方只有两年,当她在施乐,每个人都似乎老了。但她的热情背后的真相 Take Carole Palmer, the group resources director. She joined Xerox in 1978 as a temp and has been in her present role for seven years. Xerox has been good to me over the years, she says. It has supported me through qualifications and last year I took part in the vice-president incumbent programme.Carole Palmer,主管集团资源。她在1978年加入施乐临时和七年来一直在她现在的角色。“施乐多年来一直对我很好,”她说。这已经通过资格支持我,去年我参加了现任副总统计划。”Human resources is taken seriously at Xerox, Palmer says, and the company has a policy of promoting from within (which would explain Moloneys amazement at her colleagues longevity). The company takes on only fifteen to twenty graduates each year and Moloney was part of an intake who joined having already acquired a couple of years work experience.人力资源是认真对待在施乐,帕尔默说,该公司已经从公司内部提拔的政策(这将解释Moloney惊奇在她同事的寿命)。公司需要每年只有15到20毕业生和Moloney是摄入的一部分加入已经获得两年的工作经验。She started as a project manager for Xerox Global Services before moving into sales. Now her responsibility is to grow and maintain customer relationships.她开始作为一个项目经理施乐全球服务之前的销售。现在她的责任是发展和维护客户关系。Moloney is based at the head office in Uxbridge. Its great in terms of working environment, she says. Weve jus got a new provider in the canteen and we have brainstorming rooms and breakout areas.Moloney是建立在欧克斯的总部。这是伟大的在工作环境方面,”她说。我们法律得到了一个新的提供者在食堂和突破区域和房间我们头脑风暴”。Much of Moloneys role is visiting clients, so she doesnt have a permanent desk at head office. Im a hot-desker, which is good because you get to sit with different people in the hot-desk areas. And youre given a place to store your things.Moloney的角色是来访的客户,所以她并没有一个永久的桌子在总部。我hot-desker,这很好,因为你可以与不同的人坐在hot-desk地区。和你一个地方来存储你的东西。” Head office staff numbers between 1,200 and 1,500 people, Palmer says. The company has four other main offices in the UK. The nature of the organization, which encompasses sales and marketing, global services (the biggest division), developing markets, research and development and manufacturing, means that the opportunities at the company vary from service engineers to sales roles and consultants. 总部员工人数1200至1500人,帕默说。该公司在英国有四个主要的办公室。组织的性质,包括销售和营销、全球服务(最大的部门),发展中国家市场,研发和制造,意味着机会在公司不同服务工程师销售角色和顾问。Perks include a final-salary pension scheme and various discount schemes. The reward and recognition scheme is a little different, and rather nice: Each manager has a budget every year to recognize and reward staff, Palmer says. It can be in the form of a meal for two, or a bottle of wine. It can be up to 1,000. Theres the recognition, and then theres putting money behind it.津贴包括薪金养老金计划和各种折扣计划。奖励和认可计划有点不同,而好:“每个经理都有一个预算每年识别和奖励员工,”Palmer说。这可以在两人就餐的形式,或一瓶葡萄酒。它可以是1000。的识别,然后后面有把钱。 Moloney, however, likes the non-cash rewards. Xerox takes care of all its staff but it also recognizes the people who put in the added effort, she says. It offers once-in-a-lifetime incentive trips, and recently I organized a sailing trip fro my team.然而,Moloney喜欢非现金奖励。施乐公司负责所有员工也承认的人付出那么多努力,”她说。它提供了千载难逢的奖励旅游,最近我去我的团队组织了一次航海旅行。” The idea of working abroad with the company appeals to her, and she says that her career goal is to be part of the senior management team. Heres another employee, it would seem, who is in it for the long haul.在国外工作的想法与该公司吸引了她,和她说,她的职业生涯目标是高层管理团队的一部分。这里有另一个员工,似乎是长期的。Opportunities for promotion有升迁机会 Training and staff development员工培训和发展A pension养老金 A reward and recognition scheme 奖励和认可计划1. The journalist of this article thinks that B. Xerox offers great benefits to staff.这篇文章的记者认为 施乐公司向员工提供极大的好处。2. Where does the company tend to find its new managers? A. From existing staff.哪里的公司往往会找到新经理吗?答:从现有的员工。3. Why doesnt Kim Moloney have her own desk? C. Because she often travels and is away on business.为什么不金Moloney有自己的书桌上吗?c .因为她经常旅行和出差。4. As well as recognizing its staff through promotion, Xerox B. provides a number of perks.通过推广以及认识到员工,施乐提供了许多福利。5. One common feature of Xerox staff is that they tend C. not to change employer.施乐公司员工的一个共同的特点是,他们往往不改变雇主。 Extract 1: Good morning and thanks for coming. Today Id like to tell you about the worlds largest document management company. With a turnover of nearly sixteen billion dollars the Xerox Corporation develops and markets innovative technologies with products and solutions that customers depend upon to get the best results for their business. In my brief presentation well begin by looking at some of the key figures behind the companys success and how the company is structured. Then Ill give an overview of Xerox around the world and finally Id like to talk about some of the trends affecting our market and its future growth. If you have any questions, Ill be happy to answer them at the end. So, here you can see, the turnover for last year was nearly sixteen billion dollars, with a final income of 978 million dollars. We operated from our headquarters in Rochester New York State in 160 countries with 55,000 employees, with over half of those in the USA. This next chart shows you how the corporation is split into four divisions. First of all theres Xerox Global Services 早上好,谢谢你的光临。今天我想告诉你关于世界最大的文档管理公司。近一百六十亿美元营业额的施乐公司发展和市场创新技术与产品和解决方案,客户依赖他们的业务得到最好的结果。在我短暂的演讲我们先来看一些公司的成功背后的关键人物,以及公司结构。然后我给全世界的施乐的概述,最后我想谈谈一些影响我们市场及其未来发展趋势。如果你有任何问题,我很乐意回答。所以,在这里你可以看到,去年的营业额近一百六十亿美元,最后收入9.78亿美元。我们从总部设在纽约州罗彻斯特经营在全球160个国家拥有55000名员工,其中超过一半在美国。下一个图表显示你公司分为四个部门。首先有施乐全球服务Extract 2: And finally theres Xerox Innovation with five centers in the United States, Canada and Europe. Note that six percent of revenue was dedicated to research and development last year as the key part of our mission statement is, and I quote, to help people find better ways to do great work. Ok, lets move on to look at Xerox around the world in a little more detail. Take a look at this chart, which shows revenue by region. So about half our revenue is from the US market. Then Europe with over five billion dollars and the rest of the world with over two. One thing Id like to point out is 最后的施乐创新五个中心在美国,加拿大和欧洲。注意,百分之六的收入去年致力于研究和开发的重要组成部分我们的使命宣言是,我引用,“帮助人们寻找更好的方法来做伟大的工作的。好吧,让我们继续看更详细地施乐公司在世界各地。看看这张图,它显示了收入的地区。所以大约一半收入来自美国市场。然后用超过五十亿美元欧洲和世界其他地区的两个。有一点我想指出的是Extract 3: Finally, how is the market for the document industry looking? Well it would be unrecognizable to the people who founded the original company in 1906 and even compared to the second half of the twentieth century. More and more offices are moving from black and white printing to color, and from paper documents to electronic documents. These are clearly the future opportunities and areas of growth in what is a total market worth an estimated 112 billion dollars So that brings me to the end of my presentation. Thanks for listening. I hope its been of interest. Are there any questions?提取3:最后,文档行业市场看起来怎么样?它会认不出来的人原来的公司于1906年成立,甚至比二十世纪下半叶。越来越多的办公室正从黑白印刷的颜色,从纸质文档和电子文档。这些显然是未来机遇和地区经济增长的总市场价值估计有1120亿美元是什么这样让我来结束我的演讲。谢谢你的倾听。我希望这是感兴趣的。还有什么问题吗?Sale trader 销售交易员 you are self-employed and set up the business on your own.你自主创业,建立自己的业务。Partnership合伙；经管 合伙企业；合作关系；合伙契约you are self-employed and start the business with another person. You are both equally liable你是自由职业者,开始与另一个人。你都是同样的责任Franchise 特权；公民权；经销权；管辖权you buy a license to trade under the name of the franchiser and you benefit from the franchisers expertise.你购买一个许可证贸易的名义经销商,你从经销商的专业知识中获益。We wanna hold your hand我们想要握住你的手 Take a big piece of business sense, add some entrepreneurial spirit and voila! You have a franchise. Starting up a franchise could be a very clever move for those who want to run their own show but dont have the experience or the desire to set up in the dangerous and often short-lived world of the sole trader.拿一块大的商业意识,添加一些创业精神,瞧!你有一个特许经营。启动业务很可能是一个非常聪明的举动对于那些想运行自己的表演但是没有经验或渴望建立在危险和经常短暂的世界唯一的交易员。 But its vital to know what youre getting into. Franchising is the granting of a licence by one person (the franchisor) to another (the franchisee) which entitles the franchisee to trade under the trademark or trade name of the franchisor and to make use of an entire package.但它知道你进入是至关重要的。特许经营许可证的发放由一个人(特许人)到另一个特许经营商(许),享受贸易特许人的商标或商标名称和使用一个完整的包。 So is the main concept behind a franchise that of a compromise between setting up on your own and working for a company? Absolutely not, says Dan Archer, head of marketing at the British Franchise Association. Thats a ludicrous over-simplification. It is running your own business, but its taking away some of the risk and bringing in the support of other people. He points out that only 0.9% of franchises fail, compared with the majority of individually owned businesses.背后的主要概念是特许经营,自己设置之间的妥协和为一个公司工作吗?丹阿彻说,绝对不是英国特许经营协会营销主管。“这是一个可笑的简单化。这是经营自己的生意,但拿走一些风险和引进别人的支持。”他指出,只有0.9%的特许经营失败,而大多数的个体企业。But being a franchisee is unlikely to satisfy the most entrepreneurial. It doesnt suit people who dont want to follow the system. William Ewbank, the head of franchise sales at Dominos Pizza, says, If youre massively entrepreneurial this isnt for you. Its a discipline, a club with rules. There is some independence - our franchisees can charge their own prices although were strict on menu content. Its running a business with help.但作为一个特许经营商不太可能满足大多数创业。它不适合那些不想跟随系统。特许经营销售主管William Ewbank达美乐披萨,说,“如果你大量创业这不是给你的。这是一门学科,一个俱乐部与规则。有一些独立我们的经销商可以收取自己的价格虽然我们严格的菜单内容。运行一个业务的帮助下。 Astrid Patil, a new Dominos franchisee, abandoned a career as a solicitor to set up a franchise with her husband. The way she reasons it is this: Rather than putting all your time and effort into working for someone else, put it into your own business. Leaving a well-paid, well-respected profession to run a pizza shop at the age of 31 has worked for Patil. Theres a good profit margin and the business has seen growth.阿斯特丽德帕蒂尔,一个新的Domino的特许经营商,放弃了律师这一职业,建立特许经营与她的丈夫。她的理由是这样的:”,而不是把你所有的时间和精力为别人工作,把它放进自己的业务。留下一个高薪,备受尊敬的职业运行一个披萨店在31岁时为帕蒂尔工作。有很好的利润和业务增长。 Of course if you do decide to go it alone and start a business from nothing, you could always branch out into franchising.当然,如果你决定单干,开始业务从无到有,你总是可以分成特许经营。Archer says there is now a growth in the number of younger companies that are trying to launch new franchises. An incredible number of individuals are coming in at a younger age with lower capital, getting a return and investing in bigger ventures. If the initial fee can be raised its an ideal opportunity to stretch those entrepreneurial wings.阿彻说,现在有一个增长的年轻公司,正试图推出新专营权。“令人难以置信的数量的人排在一个年轻的年龄较低的资本,获得回报和投资于更大的企业。如果初始费用可以提出这是一个理想的机会,那些企业家的翅膀。 Globalbagtag was set up six years ago by husband-and-wife team Chris and Alison Truelove on their return from a holiday in Australia. The couple decided to launch G, which sells secure tags which travelers attach to their luggage. They started to charge 9.95 per tag in the first year, followed by a 2.95 subscription fee for the following years. Customers activate the tag online with their home address on an online database. If luggage is lost, the person who finds it can log on to the Globalbagtag website and report the missing items. Globalbagtag 六年前成立了夫妻团队克里斯和艾莉森爱人的归来在澳大利亚度假。这对夫妇决定推出G,销售安全标签,旅客将行李。他们开始收取9.95小费在第一年,紧随其后的是一个2.95订阅费用。客户在线激活标记一个在线数据库上与他们的家庭住址。如果行李丢失,发现它的人可以登录到Globalbagtag网站和报告丢失的物品。 Mr. Truelove said: “We have seen a huge growth in orders as travelers realize they cannot rely on the airlines to look after their bags. It is actually a very simple concept Globalbagtag is now planning to branch out into stickers for items including mobile phones, MP3 players, key and laptops.” 爱人先生说:“我们看到了一个巨大的增长在订单旅行者意识到他们不能依靠航空公司照看行李。它实际上是一个非常简单的概念Globalbagtag现在计划把触角伸向贴纸的产品包括手机、MP3播放器、钥匙和笔记本电脑。”set up 建立；装配；开业；竖立concept 观念，概念 charge 费用；电荷；掌管；控告；命令；负载 launch 开始；下水；起飞branch out 拓展业务growth 增长；发展；生长；种植fee 费用；酬金；小费T=Trainer M=ManT: So. Thats end of my talk. Are there any questions? Yes?如此。这是结束我的谈话。还有什么问题吗?是吗?M: Thanks for your talk. It was very interesting. Ive been thinking of starting my own business and I wondered what you thought of franchises. 谢谢你的谈话。这是非常有趣的。我一直在想自己创业,我想知道你对特许经营的看法。T: Thats a good question. In general, its important when you are thinking of becoming a franchisee to be someone who likes to follow rules and have support from others. Entrepreneurs tend to be people who dont like following tried and tested routes, so if you dont like doing what other people want, then franchising isnt for you. 这是一个很好的问题。一般来说,重要的是当你想成为一个特许经营商是喜欢遵循规则和来自他人的支持。企业家往往是那些不喜欢尝试和测试后的路线,所以如果你不喜欢做别人想要的东西,那么特许经营并不适合你。 Secondly, Id say make sure that the brand is strong and that its something you are interested in. For example, making and selling pizzas might be profitable but do you want to be doing it for the next five years? I also think you need to like hard work. People shouldnt think that running a franchise is less work than being a sole trader.其次,我想说确保品牌是稳固的,而且你感兴趣的东西。例如,生产和销售比萨饼可能有利可图但你想做未来5年吗?我也认为你需要像辛勤工作。人们不应该认为经营特许经营工作不如专营商。 Finally, theres the money. You still need start up capital. This can be as low as five thousand pounds and as high as two hundred and thirty thousand pounds for a well-known brand like Dominos Pizza.最后,还有钱。你仍然需要启动资金。这可以低至五千英镑,高达二百三十磅等知名品牌达美乐披萨。Recorded message: Thank you for calling Business Circle Conferencing. Please s