2014年全国职称英语考试 卫生类C级 阅读理解押题 孙伟.pdfVIP

1 卫生类阅读重点文章 孙老师特别提示： 本文在下列国家教材中同时出现。 第 16 篇eat to live卫生 c 新增文章(押题) 第 25 篇理工 b 第 39 篇综合 a 孙老师特别提示： 卫生 c今年阅读没有新增文章，押题也就变成了猜题，极不靠普，请 大家做好无原题或押不中的准备！ ！ ！ 2013 年卫生阅读押题情况 没押中，但用神表解题非常简单 共 1 篇文章第十六篇eat to live卫生 c 新增文章(押题) 第 13 课 (补充练习) 阅读理解课文阅读理解课文阅读理解课文阅读理解课文 late-night drinking 在专业在专业在专业在专业第 20 课中已做讲评 2013 原卷模拟考试与讲评（1） 机会只给有准备的人。机会只给有准备的人。 2 opportunities are only for the prepared person. 共 1 篇文章eat to live ameager diet may give you health and long life, but its not much funand it might not even be necessary.wemay be able to hang on to most of that youthful vigor even if we dont start to diet until old age. stephen spindler and his colleagues from the university of california at riverside have found that some of an elderly mouses liver genes can be made to behave as they did when the mouse was young simply by limiting its food for four weeks. the genetic rejuvenation wont reverse other damage caused by time for the mouse, but could help its liver metabolize drugs or get rid of toxins. spindlers team fed three mice a normal diet for their whole lives, and fed another three on half-rations. three more mice were switched from the normal diet to half-feed for a month when they were 34 months oldequivalent to about 70 human years. the researchers checked the activity of 11,000 genes from the mouse livers, and found that 46 changed with age in the normally fed mice. the changes were associated with things like inflammation and free radical productionprobably bad news for mouse health. in the mice that had dieted all their lives, 27 of those 46 genes continued to behave like young genes. but the most surprising finding was that the mice that only started dieting in old age also benefited from 70 per cent of these gene changes. “this is the first indication that thee effects kick in pretty quickly,” says huber warner from the national institute onaging near washington, d. c. no one yet knows if calorie restriction works in people as it does in mice, bus spindler is hopeful. “theres attracting and tempting evidence out there that it will work,” he says. if it does work in people, there might be good reasons for rejuvenating the liver. as we get older, out bodies are less efficient at metabolizing drugs, for example.abrief period of time of dieting, says spindler, could be enough to make sure a drug is effective. but spindler isnt sure the trade-off is worth it. “the mice get less disease, they live longer but theyre hungry,” he says. “even seeing what a diet does, its still hard to go to a restaurant and say: i can only eat half of that.” spindler hopes we soon wont need to diet at all. his company, life span genetics in california, is looking for drugs that have the effects of calorie restriction. 练习： 1.according to the passage, which of the following is not true? a. eating less than usual might make us live longer. b. if we go on a diet when old, we may keep healthy. c. dieting might not be needed. 3 d.wehave to begin dieting from childhood. 2. why does the author mention an elderly mouse in paragraph 2? a.todescribe the influence of old age on mice. b.toillustrate the effect of meager food on mice. c.totell us how mices liver genes behave. d.toinform us of the process of metabolizing drugs. 3. what can be inferred about completely normally fed mice mentioned in the passage? a. they will not experience free radical production. b. they will experience more genetic rejuvenation in their lifetime. c. they have more old liver genes to behave like young genes. d. they are more likely to suffer from inflammation. 4.according to the author, which of the following most interested the researchers? a. the mice that started dieting in old age. b. 27 of those 46 old genes that continued to behave like young genes. c. calorie restriction that works in people. d. dieting that makes sure a drug is effective. 5.according to the last two paragraphs, spindler believes that a. calorie restriction is very important to young people b. seeing the effect of a diet, people will eat less than normal. c. dieting is not a good method to give us health and long life. d. drugs do not have the effects of calorie restriction. eat to live 为生存而食为生存而食为生存而食为生存而食 本文中心：本文中心：本文中心：本文中心：a a meagermeagermeagermeager 不足的不足的 dietdietdietdiet 节食节食 a a a ameagermeagermeagermeager 不足的不足的不足的不足的dietdietdietdiet 节食节食节食节食may give you health and long life, butbutbutbutits not much fun 娱乐 and it might not even be necessary.wemay be able to hang on to 保持住保持住保持住保持住 most of that youthful vigor 活活活活 力力力力 even if we dont start to diet until old age. 粗茶淡饭或许能给你健康和长寿，粗茶淡饭或许能给你健康和长寿，粗茶淡饭或许能给你健康和长寿，粗茶淡饭或许能给你健康和长寿，但这并不有趣但这并不有趣但这并不有趣但这并不有趣- - - -很有可能也没必要。很有可能也没必要。很有可能也没必要。很有可能也没必要。即即即即 便在年老以后才便在年老以后才便在年老以后才便在年老以后才 开始节食我们也能在很大程度上保持住青春活力。开始节食我们也能在很大程度上保持住青春活力。开始节食我们也能在很大程度上保持住青春活力。开始节食我们也能在很大程度上保持住青春活力。 4 stephenstephenstephenstephen spindlerspindlerspindlerspindler andandandand hishishishis colleaguescolleaguescolleaguescolleagues from the university of california at riverside have found thatthatthatthat some of anananan elderlyelderlyelderlyelderly mousemousemousemouses liver genes can be made to behave as they did when the mouse was young simply by limiting 限制限制限制限制 its food for four weeks. the genetic rejuvenation wont reverse other damage caused by time for the mouse, but could help its liver metabolize drugs or get rid of toxins. 加州大学加州大学加州大学加州大学 riversideriversideriversideriverside 分校的斯蒂芬分校的斯蒂芬分校的斯蒂芬分校的斯蒂芬 o o o o 斯潘德尔及其同事发现斯潘德尔及其同事发现斯潘德尔及其同事发现斯潘德尔及其同事发现， 只要连续四周只要连续四周只要连续四周只要连续四周 限制一些衰老的老限制一些衰老的老限制一些衰老的老限制一些衰老的老 鼠进食，它们的肝脏基因就会变得和衰老前一样充满活鼠进食，它们的肝脏基因就会变得和衰老前一样充满活鼠进食，它们的肝脏基因就会变得和衰老前一样充满活鼠进食，它们的肝脏基因就会变得和衰老前一样充满活 力力力力。虽然老鼠的肝部基因恢复活力不会逆虽然老鼠的肝部基因恢复活力不会逆虽然老鼠的肝部基因恢复活力不会逆虽然老鼠的肝部基因恢复活力不会逆 转它们在其他方面的老化转它们在其他方面的老化转它们在其他方面的老化转它们在其他方面的老化，但是却但是却但是却但是却 有助于这些老鼠的肝脏对药物的新陈代谢和清除毒素。有助于这些老鼠的肝脏对药物的新陈代谢和清除毒素。有助于这些老鼠的肝脏对药物的新陈代谢和清除毒素。有助于这些老鼠的肝脏对药物的新陈代谢和清除毒素。 spindlers team fed three mice a normal diet for their whole lives, and fed another three on half-rations3. three more mice were switched from the normal diet to half-feed3for a month when they were34 months oldequivalent to about 70 human years. 斯潘德尔的队员们一直给其中的三只老鼠正常量的饲料斯潘德尔的队员们一直给其中的三只老鼠正常量的饲料斯潘德尔的队员们一直给其中的三只老鼠正常量的饲料斯潘德尔的队员们一直给其中的三只老鼠正常量的饲料，而给另外三只老而给另外三只老而给另外三只老而给另外三只老 鼠正常量饲料的一半，给三只鼠正常量饲料的一半，给三只鼠正常量饲料的一半，给三只鼠正常量饲料的一半，给三只 34343434 个月大的老鼠（相当于人类年龄的个月大的老鼠（相当于人类年龄的个月大的老鼠（相当于人类年龄的个月大的老鼠（相当于人类年龄的 70707070 岁岁岁岁） 喂喂喂喂 了一个月的半量饲料，之前这三只老鼠了一个月的半量饲料，之前这三只老鼠了一个月的半量饲料，之前这三只老鼠了一个月的半量饲料，之前这三只老鼠 的饲料量是正常的。的饲料量是正常的。的饲料量是正常的。的饲料量是正常的。 thethethethe researchersresearchersresearchersresearchers checked the activity of 11,000 genes from the mouse livers, and foundthatthatthatthat46 changed with age in thethethethe normallynormallynormallynormally fedfedfedfed mice.mice.mice.mice. the changes were associated with things like inflammation 炎症炎症炎症炎症and free radical production4probably bad news for mouse health. in the mice that had dieted all their lives, 27 of those 46 genes continued to behave like young genes. butbutbutbutthe most surprising finding wasthatthe mice that only started dieting in old age also benefited from 70 per cent of these gene changes. 研究者们检查了这些老鼠肝脏的研究者们检查了这些老鼠肝脏的研究者们检查了这些老鼠肝脏的研究者们检查了这些老鼠肝脏的 11,00011,00011,00011,000 种基因的活性种基因的活性种基因的活性种基因的活性， 发现正常饲养的老发现正常饲养的老发现正常饲养的老发现正常饲养的老 鼠有鼠有鼠有鼠有 46464646 种基因随年龄的改变而改变。这些改变都与炎症和体内自由基的产生种基因随年龄的改变而改变。这些改变都与炎症和体内自由基的产生种基因随年龄的改变而改变。这些改变都与炎症和体内自由基的产生种基因随年龄的改变而改变。这些改变都与炎症和体内自由基的产生 有关有关有关有关- - - -这对老鼠的健康来说不是什么好消息这对老鼠的健康来说不是什么好消息这对老鼠的健康来说不是什么好消息这对老鼠的健康来说不是什么好消息。而对于那些终身都在节食的老鼠而对于那些终身都在节食的老鼠而对于那些终身都在节食的老鼠而对于那些终身都在节食的老鼠 来说，那来说，那来说，那来说，那 46464646 种基因中的种基因中的种基因中的种基因中的 27272727 种仍然继续保持着青春活力。种仍然继续保持着青春活力。种仍然继续保持着青春活力。种仍然继续保持着青春活力。但但但但 是最令人吃惊的是最令人吃惊的是最令人吃惊的是最令人吃惊的 发现却是那些只是在老年时期节食的老鼠们受益于发现却是那些只是在老年时期节食的老鼠们受益于发现却是那些只是在老年时期节食的老鼠们受益于发现却是那些只是在老年时期节食的老鼠们受益于 70%70%70%70%的基因变异。的基因变异。的基因变异。的基因变异。 “this is the first indication that these effects kick in5pretty quickly,” says huber warner from the national institute onaging near washington, d.c 5 “ “ “ “这只是第一个这些效果迅速起作用的暗示这只是第一个这些效果迅速起作用的暗示这只是第一个这些效果迅速起作用的暗示这只是第一个这些效果迅速起作用的暗示“ “ “ “，来自华盛顿特区周边的国家，来自华盛顿特区周边的国家，来自华盛顿特区周边的国家，来自华盛顿特区周边的国家 老年学学院的哈勃老年学学院的哈勃老年学学院的哈勃老年学学院的哈勃 o o o o 华纳说。华纳说。华纳说。华纳说。 no one yet knows if calorie restriction works in people as it does in mice, but spindler is hopeful. “theres attracting and tempting evidence out there that it will work,” he says. 至今仍然没有人清楚卡路里的控制对人类来说是否如同对老鼠那样有效至今仍然没有人清楚卡路里的控制对人类来说是否如同对老鼠那样有效至今仍然没有人清楚卡路里的控制对人类来说是否如同对老鼠那样有效至今仍然没有人清楚卡路里的控制对人类来说是否如同对老鼠那样有效， 但是斯潘德尔对此但是斯潘德尔对此但是斯潘德尔对此但是斯潘德尔对此 充满了希望：充满了希望：充满了希望：充满了希望：“ “ “ “有足以引人注意的证据表明这同样有效。有足以引人注意的证据表明这同样有效。有足以引人注意的证据表明这同样有效。有足以引人注意的证据表明这同样有效。“ “ “ “ if it does work in people, there might be good reasons for rejuvenating the liver. as we get older, our bodies are less efficient at metabolizing drugs, for example.abrief period of time of dieting, says spindler, could be enough to make sure a drug is effective. 如果这确实也对人类有效如果这确实也对人类有效如果这确实也对人类有效如果这确实也对人类有效，我们有理由相信肝脏也可能恢复活力我们有理由相信肝脏也可能恢复活力我们有理由相信肝脏也可能恢复活力我们有理由相信肝脏也可能恢复活力。举个例举个例举个例举个例 子，随着我们一天天衰老，我们的身体对药物的新陈代谢越来越没有效率。子，随着我们一天天衰老，我们的身体对药物的新陈代谢越来越没有效率。子，随着我们一天天衰老，我们的身体对药物的新陈代谢越来越没有效率。子，随着我们一天天衰老，我们的身体对药物的新陈代谢越来越没有效率。 短时期内的节食，斯潘德尔说到，完全足以保证药效。短时期内的节食，斯潘德尔说到，完全足以保证药效。短时期内的节食，斯潘德尔说到，完全足以保证药效。短时期内的节食，斯潘德尔说到，完全足以保证药效。 but spindler isnt sure the trade-off 交易 is worth it, 6 “the mice get less disease, they live longer, but theyre hungry,” he says. “even seeing what a diet does, its still hard to go to a restaurant and say” i can only eat half of that.” 但是斯潘德尔并不确定这个方法值得尝试但是斯潘德尔并不确定这个方法值得尝试但是斯潘德尔并不确定这个方法值得尝试但是斯潘德尔并不确定这个方法值得尝试。“ “ “ “老鼠患病少了老鼠患病少了老鼠患病少了老鼠患病少了，寿命延长了寿命延长了寿命延长了寿命延长了， ， ， ， 但是它们很饥饿但是它们很饥饿但是它们很饥饿但是它们很饥饿，“ “ “ “他说他说他说他说，“ “ “ “即使能清楚地认识到节食的功效即使能清楚地认识到节食的功效即使能清楚地认识到节食的功效即使能清楚地认识到节食的功效，人们仍然很难在人们仍然很难在人们仍然很难在人们仍然很难在 餐馆中说自己只能吃一半的食物。餐馆中说自己只能吃一半的食物。餐馆中说自己只能吃一半的食物。餐馆中说自己只能吃一半的食物。“ “ “ “ spindler hopes wewewewe soonsoonsoonsoon wonwonwonwon t t t t needneedneedneed totototo dietdietdietdiet atatatat allallallall. . . . his company, life span genetics in california, is looking for drugs that have the effects of calorie restriction. 斯潘德尔希望我们根本就不用节食斯潘德尔希望我们根本就不用节食斯潘德尔希望我们根本就不用节食斯潘德尔希望我们根本就不用节食。他的公司他的公司他的公司他的公司，加利福尼亚州的寿命遗传加利福尼亚州的寿命遗传加利福尼亚州的寿命遗传加利福尼亚州的寿命遗传 学公司，正在寻找有限制卡路里效能的药物学公司，正在寻找有限制卡路里效能的药物学公司，正在寻找有限制卡路里效能的药物学公司，正在寻找有限制卡路里效能的药物 练习： 1. according to the passage, which of the following is not true? 根据文章，下面哪个选项是不真实的？ a)eating less than usual might make us live longer. 6 b) if we go on a diet when old, we may keep healthy. c) dieting might not be needed. d)d)d)d)wewewewe havehavehavehave totototo beginbeginbeginbegin dietingdietingdietingdieting fromfromfromfrom childhood.childhood.childhood.childhood. 2. why does the author mention an elderly mouse in paragraph2? 文章第二段中，作者为什么会提到上了年纪的老鼠？ a)todescribe the influence of old age on mice. b)b)b)b)totototoillustrateillustrateillustrateillustrate thethethethe effecteffecteffecteffect ofofofof meagermeagermeagermeager foodfoodfoodfood onononon micemicemicemice. . . . c)totell us how mices liver genes behave. d)toinform us of the process of metabolizing 使发生新陈代谢 drugs. 3. what can be infinfinfinfererererredredredred 推 断about completely normallynormallynormallynormally fedfedfedfed micemicemicemice mentioned in the passage? 什么可以推断出本文提到的完全正常喂养的老鼠？ a)they will not experience free radical production. b) they will experience more genetic rejuvenation in their lifetime. c) they have more old liver genes to behave like young genes. d)d)d)d)theytheytheythey areareareare moremoremoremore likelylikelylikelylikely totototo suffersuffersuffersuffer from inflamminflamminflamminflamma a a ationtiontiontion. . . .发炎发炎 4. 注意：(1)绝对原则：答案中有 all,all,all,all, every,every,every,every, onlyonlyonlyonly alwaysalwaysalwaysalways 等绝对词一般为 不正确，如被否定除外，原文中也有这些词除外)！ 绝对原则主要用于5. 对错选择not true, true (2) 相对原则：有 may,may,may,may, might,might,might,might, cancancancan could,could,could,could,likelylikelylikelylikely， sometimessometimessometimessometimes， probablyprobablyprobablyprobably somesomesomesome。 4. according tothe author,which of the following most interested the researchers? 根据作者观点，下列哪一项最能引起调查者的兴趣？ a)a)a)a)thethethethe micemicemicemice thatthatthatthat startedstartedstartedstarted dietingdietingdietingdieting inininin oldoldoldold age.age.age.age. b) 27 of those 46 old genes that continued to behave like young genes. c) calorie restriction that works in p