2万吨马铃薯深加工(淀粉)可行性研究报告2.doc

sson 1 a private conversation 私人谈话last week i went to the theatre. i had a very good seat. the play was very interesting. i did not enjoy it. a young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. they were talking loudly. i got very angry. i could not hear the actors. i turned round. i looked at the man and the woman angrily. they did not pay any attention. in the end, i could not bear it. i turned round again. i cant hear a word! i said angrily. its none of your business, the young man said rudely. this is a private conversation!.lesson 2 breakfast or lunch? 早餐还是午餐？it was sunday. i never get up early on sundays. i sometimes stay in bed until lunch time.last sunday i got up very late. i looked out of the window. it was dark outside. what a day! i thought. its raining again. just then, the telephone rang. it was my aunt lucy. ive just arrived by train, she said. im coming to see you. but im still having breakfast, i said.what are you doing ? she asked. im having breakfast, i repeated.dear me, she said. do you always get up so late ? its one oclock!lesson 3 please send me a card 请给我寄一张明信片 postcards always spoil my holidays. last summer, i went to italy. i visited museums and sat in public gardens. a friendly waiter taught me a few words of italian. then he lent me a book. i read a few lines, but i did not understand a word. every day i thought about postcards. my holidays passed quickly, but i did not send any cards to my friends. on the last day i made a big decision. i got up early and bought thirty-seven cards. i spent the whole day in my room, but i did not write a single card !lesson 4 an exciting trip 激动人心的旅行i have just received a letter from my brother, tim. he is in australia. he has been there for six months. tim is an engineer. he is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in australia. he has just bought an australian car and has gone to alice springs, a small town in the centre of australia. he will soon visit darwin. from there, he will fly to perth. my brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting.lesson 5 no wrong numbers 无错号之虞 mr james scott has a garage in silbury and now he has just bought another garage in pinhurst. pinhurst is only five miles from silbury, but mr scott cannot get a telephone for his new garage, so he has just bought twelve pigeons. yesterday, a pigeon carried the first message from pinhurst to silbury. the bird covered the distance in three minutes. up to now, mr scott has sent a great many requests for spare parts and other urgent messages from one garage to the other. in this way, he has begun his own private telephone service.lesson 6 percy buttons 珀西巴顿斯i have just moved to a house in bridge street. yesterday a beggar knocked at my door. he asked me for a meal and a glass of beer. in return for this, the beggar stood on his head and sang songs. i gave him a meal. he ate the food and drank the beer. then he put a piece of cheese in his pocket and went away. later a neighbour told me about him. everybody knows him. his name is percy buttons. he calls at every house in the street once a month and always asks for a meal and a glass of beer.lesson 7 too late 为时太晚 the plane was late and detectives were waiting at the airport all morning. they were expecting a valuable parcel of diamond from south africa. a few hours earlier, someone had told the police that thieves would try to steal the diamonds. when the plane arrived, some of the detectives were waiting inside the main building while others were waiting on the airfield. two men took the parcel off the plane and carried it into the customs house. while two detectives were keeping guard at the door, two others opened the parcel. to their surprise, the precious parcel was full of stones and sand!lesson 8 the best and the worst 最好的和最差的joe sanders has the most beautiful garden in our town. nearly everybody enters for the nicest garden competition each year, but joe wins every time. bill friths garden is larger than joes. bill works harder than joe and grows more flowers and vegetables, but joes garden is more interesting. he has made neat paths and has built a wooden bridge over a pool. i like gardens too, but i do not like hard work. every year i enter for the garden competition too, and i always win a little prize for the worst garden in the town!lesson 9 a cold welcome 冷遇on wednesday evening, we went to the town hall. it was the last day of the year and a large crowd of people had gathered under the town hall clock. it would strike twelve in twenty minutes time. fifteen minutes passed and then, at five to twelve, the clock stopped. the big minute hand did not move. we waited and waited, but nothing happened. suddenly someone shouted, its two minutes past twelve! the clock has stopped! i looked at my watch. it was true. the big clock refused to welcome the new year. at that moment everybody began to laugh and sing.lesson 10 not for jazz 不适于演奏爵士乐we have an old musical instrument. it is called a clavichord(翼琴). it was made in germany in 1681. our clavichord is kept in the living-room. it has belong to our family for a long time. the instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago. recently it was damaged by a visitor. she tried to play jazz on it! she struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken. my father was shocked. now we are not allowed to touch it. it is being repaired by a friend of my fathers.lesson 11 one good turn deserves another 礼尚往来i was having dinner at a restaurant when harry steele came in. harry worked in a lawyers office years ago, but he is now working at a bank. he gets a good salary, but he always borrows money from his friends and never pays it back. harry saw me and came and sat at the same table. he has never borrowed money from me. while he was eating, i asked him to lend me &2. to my surprise, he gave me the money immediately. i have never borrowed any money from you, harry said, so now you can pay for my dinner!lesson 12 goodbye and good luck 再见，一路顺风our ncighbour, captain charles alison, will sail from portsmouth tomorrow. we shall meet him at the harbour early in the morning. he will be in his small boat, topsail.tapsail is a famous little boat. it has sailed across the atlantic many times. captain alison will set out at eight oclock so we shall have plenty of time. we shall see his boat and then we shall say good-bye to him. he will be away for two months. we are very proud of him. he will take part in an important race across the atlantic.lesson 13 the greenwood boys 绿林少年the greenwood boys are a group of popular singers. at present, they are visiting all parts of the country. they will be arriving here tomorrow. they will be coming by train and most of the youngpeople in the town will be meeting them at the station. tomorrow evening they will be singing at the workers club. the greenwood boys will be staying for five days. during this time, they will give five performances. as usual, the police will have a difficult time. they will be trying to keep order. it is always the same on these occasions.lesson 14 do you speak english? 你会讲英语吗？i had an amusing experience last year. after i had left a small village in the south of france, i drove on to the next town. on the way, a young man waved to me. i stopped and he asked me for a lift. as soon as he had got into the car, i said good morning to him in french and he replied in the same language. apart from a few words, i do not know any french at all. neither of us spoke during the journey. i had nearly reached the town, when the young man suddenly said, very slowly, do you speak english? as i soon learnt, he was english himself!lesson 15 good news 佳音 the secretary told me that mr. harmsworth would see me. i felt very nervous when. i went into his office. he did not look up from his desk when i entered. after i had sat down, he said that business was very bad. he told me that the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries. twenty people had already left. i knew that my turn had come. mr. harmsworth, i said in a weak voice. dont interrupt, he said. then he smiled and told me i would receive an extra &100 a year!lesson 16 a polite request 彬彬有礼的要求if you park your car in the wrong place, a traffic policeman will soon find it. you will be very lucky if he lets you go without a ticket. however, this does not always happen. traffic police are sometimes very polite. during a holiday in sweden, i found this note on my car: sir, we welcome you to our city. this is a no parking area. you will enjoy your stay here if you pay attention to our street signs. this note is only a reminder. if you receive a request like this, you cannot fail to obey it!lesson 17 always young 青年常驻my aunt jennifer is an actress. she must be at least thirty-five years old. in spite of this, she often appears on the stage as a young girl. jennifer will have to take part in a new play soon. this time, she will be a girl of seventeen. in the play, she must appear in a bright red dress and long black stockings. last year in another play, she had to wear short socks and a bright, orange-coloured dress. if anyone ever asked her how old she is, she always answers, my dear, it must be terrible to be grown up!lesson18 he often does this! 他经常干这种事！after i had had lunch at a village inn, i looked for my bag. i had left it on a chair beside the door and now it wasnt there ! as i was looking for it, the inn-keeper came in. did you have a good meal ? he asked. yes, thank you, i answered, but i cant pay the bill. i havent got my bag. the inn-keeper smiled and immediately went out. in a few minutes he returned with my bag and gave it back to me. im very sorry, he said my dog had taken it into the garden. he often does this.lesson19 sold out 票已售完the play may begin at any moment, i said. it may have begun already, susan answered.i hurried to the ticket-office. may i have two tickets please ? i asked.im sorry, weve sold out, the girl said.what a pity! susan2万吨淀粉加工项目可行性研究报告二一二年二月第一章 总论1.1 项目名称及承办单位1.1.1 项目名称欧肯河农场淀粉厂1.1.2 项目承办单位或建设单位大兴安岭农场管理局欧肯河农场1.1.3 项目主管部门欧肯河农场1.1.4 项目拟建地点：欧肯农场场部原机修厂。1.2 研究工作的依据与范围1.2.1 研究工作的依据a、欧肯河农场淀粉加工项目可行性研究报告需要的技术资料。b、欧肯河农场淀粉厂区域图。c、水质分析报告。1.2.2 研究工作的范围a、本次对年产1000吨马铃薯淀粉工程项目进行可行性研究。b、对项目的产品质量和生产规模以及市场销售情况进行分析和预测。c、对产品生产路线及主要生产设备选择提出意见。d、对环境保护措施进行论证。e、对项目的工程量实施进度计划安排提出建议。f、对项目的企业组织定员提出设想方案。1.3 项目的主要内容及其意见1.3.1 主要内容a、项目背景：欧肯河农场位于大兴安岭东南麓，属大兴安岭向松嫩平原过渡地带的丘陵漫岗区，行政区划在莫力达瓦达斡尔自治旗和鄂伦春自治旗境内，离东北名镇大杨树镇15公里。农场施业区总面积47713公顷，其中耕地面积9748公顷。主要农作物有大豆、小麦、饭豆、马铃薯等。全场现有21 个核算单位，其中农业生产队12个，全场总人口5224人，职工人数1430人，各类专业技术人员131人。欧肯河农场在种植马铃薯方面积累了丰富的经验，在该场建设一个小型马铃薯淀粉厂前景非常广阔。b、产品市场需求：马铃薯淀粉在国内需求很大，并且需求在按11%的速度增长。而且真正在质量上能达到国际质量标准的很少。生产增长率每年仅达7%，呈供不应求之势。c、建厂条件：111国道距离欧肯河农场11公里，农场自养沙石公路80公里，各生产队交通便利。项目区内由莫旗电网供电，可满足生产和生活需要。农场通讯事业发展迅速，程控电话、移动通讯、传真十分方便、快捷，农场及周边地区有土地可种植马铃薯面积达2多万亩，原料充足。d、生产工艺及主要设备：本项目生产工艺主要设备均选国内马铃薯淀粉加工工艺及主要设备，提取率高达8082%，每吨马铃薯消耗清水3.54吨，节水。淀粉质量指标达到国内水平。e、项目总投资为197万元，其中建设投资147万元，流动资金50万元。投资回收期5.1年（所得税后）。1.4 产品方案、生产规模及主要技术经济指标1.4.1 产品方案与生产规模产品方案产品名称数量(吨)备注1马铃薯淀粉1000主产品2薯渣饲料6000付产品1.4.2 主要技术经济指标序号指 标单位数量备注1生产规模马铃薯淀粉吨/年10002产品方案马铃薯淀粉吨/年1000薯渣饲料吨/年60003总投资万元197其中：建设投资万元147 流动资金万元504投资指标4.1单位产品占用建设投资元/单位产品14704.2百元销售收入占用流动资金元/百元15.25全公司定员总计人20其中：工人人16 管理人员人2 技术人员人1 其他人员人16全年生产天数d907原材料、物料、燃料需用量马铃薯吨/年 8000包装袋个/年 40000序号指标单位数量备注8年总成本万元 261.27平均9年销售收入万元 329达产年10年利润总额万元 39.78平均11投资回收期a 3.5所得税前12投资利税率% 30.1413投资利润率% 20.1914财务内部收益率% 37.59所得税前15投资回收期a 5.1所得税后16财务内部收益率% 21.94所得税后171819第二章 项目提出的背景随着科技进步和加工业的发展，人们生活水平的提高，马铃薯已不仅是人类的粮食、蔬菜、畜牧业的良好饲料，而是用途广泛的营养食品和重要的工业原料。马铃薯营养价值非常丰富，在欧州有“第二面包”之称，美国农业部门高度评价马铃薯的营养价值，认为每餐只吃马铃薯和全脂奶粉即可获得人体所需的全部营养元素。由于人们饮食结构的变化，食品加工业的发展，马铃薯作为营养食品、休闲食品、方便食品，如炸薯条、薯泥、膨化食品等备受欢迎。作为工业原料，马铃薯淀粉、变性淀粉等深加工产品已有3000多种问世，并在石油、造纸、纺织、铸造、医药、制革、防火、能源、包装、塑料，化工等工业领域中广泛应用。由此可见马铃薯及其深加工产品广泛用途是其它任何农产品不能比的。消费市场的潜力及前景非常广阔。项目的主管部门为大兴安岭农场管理局欧肯河农场，隶属于大兴安岭农场管理局。位于大兴安岭东南麓，具有高纬度、高海拔，昼夜温差大，具有得天独厚的马铃薯生长发育的地理优势和自然条件。产品具有产量高、品质好、种薯退化慢等特点。农场职工多年种植马铃薯，并积累了丰富的经验。为了调整产业结构，实施农业产业化，带动职工致富达小康，拉动地区性经济，故提出淀粉生产加工项目。 第三章 市场需求预测与建设规模由玉米、马铃薯、木薯和其他含淀粉农作物生产的淀粉产品称为淀粉。以马铃薯为原料生产的淀粉与其它淀粉相比具有较长的分子结构，较高的支链淀粉含量，淀粉颗粒的尺寸较大，因此成糊后表现出其它淀粉所不具有的特性，如成糊后粘度较高，成糊稳定，且晶莹透明，具有较好的粘弹性。由于马铃薯淀粉具有这些优良特性，广泛用于食品、化工、纺织、医药、造纸、铸造等行业。3.1马铃薯淀粉市场需求现状3.1.1国内需求现状马铃薯含有淀粉、维生素、蛋白质以及磷、铁、无机盐等十几种营养成分。与大米、面粉相比，它的营养更加合理、全面。据美国农业部介绍，每餐只食用马铃薯和全脂奶粉，便可得到人体所需的全部营养物。我国马铃薯生产在世界居第一位，但基本上以食用鲜马铃薯为主，加工的马铃薯制品仅占10%，现将我国近年淀粉产量列表如下：全国淀粉产量汇总表单位：万吨年份19941995199619971998淀粉240260.5265270386.7其中：马铃薯淀粉2.42.0据统计我国目前能生产符合国家标准马铃薯淀粉的厂家约二十家，生产能力为19万吨，占我国淀粉总产量不足2%，而且用于加工淀粉的马铃薯数量仅占鲜薯总产量的3，主要原因是对马铃薯淀粉开发认识不足，加之受资金影响。国内市场马铃薯淀粉年需要量在3540万吨左右，其中天津顶新集团和旺旺食品年需6万吨，目前由于国内符合高产品质量的淀粉不够，该集团大部分从国外进口马铃薯淀粉。3.1.2国外需求现状全世界马铃薯产量大约在3亿吨，主要生产国为中国、俄罗斯、波兰、美国、德国、荷兰等。据介绍，世界马铃薯生产总量的52%用作食品，34%用于禽畜饲料，10%作种用，4%用于酒精和淀粉的生产。荷兰是世界上最大的马铃薯出口国，全国有四分之一的土地种植马铃薯，每年收获总量大约60%用于出口。而美国则是世界上最大的马铃薯食品生产国，每年把收获总量一半以上的马铃薯用于食品生产。美国淀粉工业最为发达，淀粉人均耗量约60公斤/年.人左右，欧洲、日本等发达国家人均耗量在10公斤/年.人以上，由此可见国外淀粉消费量是比较高的。3.2马铃薯淀粉市场销售预测我国消耗淀粉量仅3公斤/年.人，与世界发达国家相比有很大差距，同时也可看出市场消费潜力很大。本项目建成投产后，年产马铃薯淀粉1000吨，依靠现在市场销售渠道，销售市场是比较乐观的。3.3产品方案根据市场情况确定项目产品方案如下：产品名称单位数量质量标准主产品：马铃薯淀粉吨/年1000国标gb8884-88副产品：薯渣饲料吨/年6000固形含量14%3.4建设规模3.4.1产品销售市场。本项目产品销售市场比较宽广，故从市场情况看对项目规模无约束。3.4.2原材料情况。当地马铃薯种植面积较稳定，商品马铃薯供应量在1.5万吨以上。故近期建设规模年生产1000吨马铃薯淀粉原料对项目规模无约束。第四章 建设条件与厂址4.1资源4.1.1马铃薯马铃薯是粮菜兼用的高产作物，营养价值非常丰富，在欧洲有“第二面包”之称，美国农业部门高度评价马铃薯的营养价值，认为每餐只吃马铃薯和全脂奶粉即可获得人体所需的全部营养元素。作为工业原料，马铃薯淀粉，变性淀粉、全粉等深加工产品已有三千多种问世，并在石油、造纸、纺织等工业领域中广泛应用，由此看出马铃薯经济价值高。马铃薯能在不适宜种植谷物的地区生长，欧肯河农场淀粉厂地址位于大兴安岭东南麓，高纬度，高海拔，昼夜温差大，具有得天独厚的马铃薯生产发育的地理优势和自然条件，马铃薯产量高，品质好，种薯退化慢等优点。当地农民有栽培经验，欧肯河农场计划在3年内达到马铃薯种植面积1.5万亩，可以满足1000吨马铃薯原料供应。4.2动力4.2.1供汽本项目生产规模小，日生产11吨淀粉，用qg-0.5的气流干燥机就可满足需要。4.3.2供电本项目生产用电设备的总装机容量199.25kw，由欧肯河农场变电所供给。4.2.3供水本项目生产用水及生活用水量最大14.66m3/时，平均用水13.75m3/时，由本厂机井供给，保证供水要求。4.3厂址4.4.1厂址选择本项目厂址拟建于距鄂伦春自治旗大杨树镇15公里处的欧肯河农场场部。位于马铃薯产地，交通方便，距大杨树火车站15公里，距111国道11公里，通讯设施完善，信息畅通，适合本项目建厂。4.3.2自然条件厂址位于鄂伦春旗大杨树镇东北部，地理坐标在东经120021243950，北纬49434959之间。属于大兴安岭向松嫩平原的过渡地带，土地较平坦，海拔高度在 260至 300米之间，最高气温可达36，年有效积温在2000左右。厂区地势平坦，气候属严寒带大陆性季风气候，寒暑变化明显，温差悬殊。4.3.3地质条件地表有0.52米厚的亚粘土，中部为细砂或淤泥夹层厚12米，以下为中粗砂和砾石。地质承载力（地耐力）fak=150kpa-200kpa。地下水为中上更新孔隙潜水，属于浅层含水静水位2.55米，无腐蚀性。4.3.4基础资料年平均气温3.9极端最高温度+37.5极端最低温度-37年平均降水量600mm最大年降水量981.3mm年平均降水天数 120天最大冻土深度1.85米年无霜期95-100天相对湿度61%平均风速3米/秒最大风速20米/秒风向 夏：西南 冬春：西北 第五章 工程技术方案5.1项目组成项目组成表表5-1工程类别工程（车间）名称规模备注1、主要生产工程原料库原有主厂房原有成品库原有2、辅助生产工程5.2生产技术方案5.2.1产品采用质量标准食用马铃薯淀粉国家标准gb8884-88感官指标项 目指 标优级品一级品二级品色泽洁白带结晶光泽洁白气味无异味口感无砂齿杂质无外来物理化指标：项 目指 标优级品一级品二级品水分 % 18.0020.0020.00酸度 t 10.0015.0020.00灰分 % 0.250.400.45蛋白质 % 0斑点个/cm2 3.007.009.00细度150m(100目)筛通过率%99.6099.5099.00白度440nw蓝光反射率%94.0089.0084.00粘度1/100浓度的淀粉糊25时的恩氏粘度(e25) 10.00卫生指标：项 目指 标优级品一级品合格品二氧化硫mg/kg30.00砷mg/kg以as计0.50铅mg/kg以pb计1.005.2.2生产技术方案的选择本设计生产技术方案经过比选，选择具有国内先进水平的以马铃薯为原料生产淀粉的工艺流程和小型设备。马铃薯原料经除草、除石、水洗、磨碎、过滤、精滤、除砂净化、精制、脱水、干燥、包装一系列复杂的机械化生产，生产出淀粉成品。工艺流程和主要设备的特点：a、 马铃薯淀粉的提取率8082%。b、 主要设备锉磨机，以近100米/秒高的圆周速度磨碎马铃薯。碎磨率高达96%，被锉磨的马铃薯最大程度破裂细胞，使淀粉颗粒释放出来，出淀粉率高。c、 工艺流程提取段的淀粉液脱气泵具有自排空气的功能，减少淀粉乳液与空气接触，因此提取段生产过程中泡沫少。提高了设备的生产效率，有利于工艺用水重复利用，有利于成品质量。d、 生产的关键部位均采用仪表自动控制。因此保证了产品的高质量。e、 淀粉乳脱水选用的真空吸滤机脱水效率高，淀粉乳脱水后干物质可达6062%，并且设备无振动，无噪声，工作安全可靠。5.2.3淀粉车间生产方法，工艺流程和主要设备选择a、工艺流程简图及说明原料马铃薯运输车运进厂内经称秤量后运至马铃薯储库，马铃薯除土后进入胶带输送机，再经滑动式胶带输送机输送到马铃薯储库内进行储存。马铃薯经水流送沟进入泵经泵送去除草、除石、马铃薯进入清洗机内进行洗涤，经浆叶进行搅拌，推进，马铃薯互相磨擦，马铃薯被抛进胶带输送机上，再经喷淋洗涤，清洗干净的马铃薯，经磁力除铁器除铁后，送至料斗内。马铃薯从料斗进入调速喂料螺旋输送机内，然后进入锉磨机进行刨丝，刨丝马铃薯糊状浆料落入地下暂存槽内，由泵送到二套水平离心筛组成的提取段，淀粉经筛选，用洗涤水以逆流方法提取出来，使淀粉与纤维分离，分离出的纤维在二台水平离心筛组中脱水，干固物含量14%的薯渣落入螺旋输送机中输出作为饲料运出厂外。提取后的淀粉乳进入道尔克隆除砂系统，使淀粉中残留砂粒及较重杂质分离出来，除砂后的浆料泵入旋转过滤器后进入浓缩系统内，在此淀粉乳被浓缩到工艺需要的浓度。由浓缩系统出来的浓缩淀粉乳被泵入淀粉洗涤系统，进行逆流洗涤将淀粉分离出来，浓缩精制后泵入淀粉乳罐。精制后的淀粉乳泵到真空吸滤机内，将淀粉乳脱水至含水38-40%的湿淀粉。含水38-40%的湿淀粉经螺旋输送机送至气流干燥机的螺旋料加器内，在气流干燥机内，湿淀粉与热空气接触1.5秒时间，使淀粉含水达到1820%，合格淀粉经旋风收集输送进入成品贮斗，再经输送去自动称量装袋。称量缝口后运入成品库。工艺流程图：马铃薯水流送除 石水 洗磨 碎提 取 干 燥脱 水洗 涤淀粉乳浓缩 除 砂 包 装入 库 砂渣运 薯渣运 出厂外 出厂外b、淀粉车间主要设备表序号设备名称型号及规格数量(台/件)产地1提薯机lt-8 1通许2洗薯机xs-8 1通许3锉磨机cm-600 1通许4离心筛ls-600 5山东5渣螺机 1通