养猪养殖可行性研究报告.doc

englishman, william low. he suggested that a double railway tunnel should be built. this would solve the problem of ventilation, for if a train entered this tunnel, it would draw in fresh air behind it. forty-two years later a tunnel was actually begun. if, at the time, the british had not feared invasion, it would have been completed. recently, there has again been great interest in the idea of a channel tunnel. if it is built, it will connect britain to europe for the first time in history.lesson65 jumbo versus the police 小象对警察last christmas, the circus owner, jimmy gates, decided to take some presents to a childrens hospital. dressed up as father christmas and accompanied by a guard of honour of six pretty girls, he set off down the main street of the city riding a baby elephant called jumbo. he, should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thing. a policeman approached jimmy and told him he ought to have gone along a side-street as jumbo was holding up the traffic. though jimmy agreed to go at once, jumbo refused to move. fifteen policemen had to push very hard to get him off the main street. the police had a difficult time, but they were most amused. jumbo must weigh a few tons, said a policeman afterwards, so it was fortunate that we didnt have to carry him. of course, we should arrest him, but as he has a good record, we shall let him off this time.lesson66 sweet as honey! 像蜜一样甜！the hatheld puffin is a modern aero-plane, but its designer, mr john wimpenny, is finding it difficult to get it off the ground. the reason for this is that this plane is also a bicycle. its pilot has to pedal hard to get it into the air. after mr wimpenny had the plane built, it was tested thoroughly. in 1961, it was the first man-powered aircraft to fly half a mile. while being flown by a champion amateur cyclist in 1963, the plane crashed on an airfield. since then, mr wimpenny has had it rebuilt. he has had the length of the wings increased so that they now measure 93 feet-almost as long as those of a dakota. many people have shown interest in this new and unusual sport. but though air cyclists may learn how to fly over short distances, and may, eventually, even get across the english channel, it is doubtful whether they will ever cycle across the atlantic.lesson67 volcanoes 火山haroun tazieff the polish scientist, has spent his life-time studying active volcanoes and deep caves in all parts of the world. in 1948, he went to lake kivu in the congo to observe a new volcano which he later named kituro. tazieff was able to set up his camp very close to the volcano while it was erupting violently. though he managed to take a number of brilliant photographs, he could not stay near the volcano for very long. he noticed that a river of liquid rock was coming towards him. it threatened to surround him completely, but tazieff managed to escape just in time. he waited until the volcano became quiet and he was able to return two days later. this time, he managed to climb into the mouth of kituro so that he could take photographs and measure temperatures. tazieff has often risked his life in this way. he has been able to tell us more about active volcanoes than any man alive. lesson68 persistent 纠缠不休i crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and came running towards me. it was no use pretending that i had not seen him, so i waved to him. i never enjoy meeting bert dykes. he never has anything to do. no matter how busy you are, he always insists on coming with you. i had to think of a way of preventing him from following me around all morning.hullo, bert, i said. fancy meeting you here !hullo, elizabeth, bert answered. i was just wondering how to spend the morning-until i saw you. youre not busy doing anything, are you ? no, not at all, i answered. im going to. .would you mind my coming with you ? he asked, before i had finished speaking. not at all, i lied, but im going to the dentist. then ill come with you, he answered. theres always plenty to read in the waiting room !lesson69 but not murder! 并非谋杀！i was being tested for a driving licence for the third time. i had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully. after having been instructed to drive out of town, i began to acquire confidence. sure that i had passed, i was almost beginning to enjoy my test. the examiner must have been pleased with my performance, for he smiled and said, just one more thing, mr eames. let us suppose that a child suddenly crosses the road in front of you. as soon as i tap on the window, i want the car to be stopped immediately. i continued driving and after some time, the examiner tapped loudly. though the sound could be heard clearly, it took me a long time to react. i suddenly pressed the brake pedal hard and we were both thrown forward. the examiner looked at me sadly. mr eames, he said, in a mournful voice, you have just killed that child ! lesson70 red for danger 危险的红色during a bullfight, a drunk suddenly wandered into the middle of the ring. the crowd began to shout, but the drunk was unaware of the danger. the bull was busy with the matador at the time, but it suddenly caught sight of the drunk who was shouting rude remarks and waving a red cap. apparently sensitive to criticism, the bull forgot all about the matador and charged at the drunk. the crowd suddenly grew quiet. the drunk, however, seemed quite sure of himself. when the bull got close to him, he clumsily stepped aside to let it pass. the crowd broke into cheers and the drunk bowed. by this time, however, three men had come into the ring and they quickly dragged the drunk to safety. even the bull seemed to feel sorry for him, for it looked on sympathetically until the drunk was out of the way before once more turning its attention to the matador.lesson71 a famous clock 一个著名的大钟when you visit london, one of the first things you will see is big ben, the famous clock which can be heard all over the world on the b.b.c. if the houses of parliament had hot been burned down in 1834, the great clock would never have been erected. big ben takes its name from sir benjamin hall who was responsible for the making of the clock when the new houses of parliament were being built. it is not only of immense size, but is extremely accurate as well. officials from greenwich observatory have the clock checked twice a day. on the b.b.c. you can hear the clock when it is actually striking because microphones are connected to the clock tower. big ben has rarely gone wrong. once, however, it failed to give the correct time. a painter who had been working on the tower hung a pot of paint on one of the hands and slowed it down ! lesson72 a car called bluebird “蓝鸟”汽车the great racing driver, sir malcolm campbell, was the first man to drive at over 300 miles per hour. he set up a new world record in september 1935 at bonneville salt flats, utah. bluebird, the car he was driving, had been specially built for him. it was over 30 feet in length and had a 2500 horse-power engine. although campbell reached a speed of over 304 miles per hour, he had great difficulty in controlling the car because a tyre burst during the first run. after his attempt, campbell was disappointed to learn that his average speed had been 299 miles per hour. however, a few days later, he was told that a mistake had been made. his average speed had been 301 miles per hour. since that time, racing drivers have reached speeds of over 400 miles an hour. following his fathers footsteps many years later, sir malcolms son, donald, also set up a world record. like his father, he was driving a car called bluebird.lesson73 the record-holder 纪录保持者little boys who play truant from school are unimaginative. a quiet days fishing, or eight hours in a cinema seeing the same film over and over again, is usually as far as they get. they have all been put to shame by a boy who, while playing truant, travelled 1600 miles. he hitch- hiked to dover and, towards evening, went into a boat to find somewhere to sleep. when he woke up next morning, he discovered that the boat had, in the meantime, travelled to calais. no one noticed the boy as he crept off. from there, he hitch-hiked to paris in a lorry. the driver gave him a few biscuits and a cup of coffee and left him just outside the city. the next car the boy stopped did not take him into the centre of paris as he hoped it would, but to perpignan on the french-spanish border. there he was picked up by a policeman and sent back to england by the local authorities. he has surely set up a record for the thousands of boys who dream of evading school.lesson74 out of the limelight 舞台之外an ancient bus stopped by a dry river bed and a party of famous actors and actresses got off. dressed in dark glasses and old clothes, they had taken special precautions so that no one should recognize them. but as they soon discovered, disguises can sometimes be too perfect.this is a wonderful place for a picnic, said gloria gleam. it couldnt be better, gloria, brinksley meers agreed. no newspaper men, no film fans! why dont we come more often ? meanwhile, two other actors, rockwall slinger and merlin greeves, had carried two large food baskets to a shady spot under some trees. when they had all made themselves comfortable, a stranger appeared. he looked very angry. now you gut out of here, all of you! he shouted: im sheriff here. do you see that notice ? it says no camping-in case you cant read ! look, sheriff, said rockwall, dont be too hard on us. im rockwall slinger and this is merlin greeves. oh, is it ? said the sheriff with a sneer. well, im brinksley meers, and my other name is gloria gleam. now you get out of here fast !lesson75 sos 呼救信号when a light passenger plane flew off course some time ago, it crashed in the mountains and its pilot was killed. the only passengers, a young woman and her two baby daughters, were unhurt. it was the middle of winter. snow lay thick on the ground. the woman knew that the nearest village was miles away. when it grew dark. she turned a suitcase into a bed and put the children inside it, covering them with all the clothes she could find. during the night, it got terribly cold. the woman kept as near as she could to the children and even tried to get into the case herself, but it was too small. early ,next morning she heard planes passing overhead and wondered how she could send a signal. then she had an idea. she stamped out the letters sos in the snow. fortunately, a pilot saw the signal and sent a message by radio to the nearest town. it was not long before a helicopter arrived on the scene to rescue the survivors of the plane crash.lesson76 april fools day 愚人节to end our special news bulletin, said the voice of the television announcer, we are taking you to the macaroni fields of calabria. macaroni has been grown in this area for over six hundred years. two of the leading growers, giuseppe moldova and ricardo brabante, tell me that they have been expecting a splendid crop this year and harvesting has begun earlier than usual. here you can see two workers who, between them,第一章 项目摘要 一、 项目名称和建设单位(一)项目名称： 亨通生猪养殖场 (二)建设地点：曙光村（曙光村西北荒地） (三)建设性质：新建，占地面积30亩(四)项目法人：(五)企业性质：有限责任公司 (六)建设期限从项目批复之日至年月二、项目建设规模和内容（一）项目建设规模和内容 采用公司化的经营模式，新建规模化、标准化养猪场1个，设计规模是年存栏能繁母猪80头、出栏生猪1500头，仔猪100头；共新建猪舍、兽医室、办公生活设施及绿化带等共计3522.5m2。（二）项目总投资概算及资金来源 项目总投资230万元，其中：固定资产投资210万元。资金由自筹资金180万元，申请银行借款资金50万元。三、主要技术经济指标（一）项目建设中生猪品种、栏舍建设、饲养管理、疫病防控、畜产品管理等方面全部实行标准化；（二）生猪发病率、死亡率分别控制在国家规定的5%和3-5%以内；（三）每头能繁母猪年提供商品猪不低于20头，商品猪全程料肉比不高于2.6：1；（四）病死猪的处理全部实行无害化处理；（五）粪污的处理与排放达到国家环保总局的gb18596-2001标准； 项目建成投产后，年出栏生猪1500头、仔猪100头，实现销售收入210万元，年利润总额52.36万元。项目财务投资利润率为22.76%，静态投资回收期为4.4年。四、可行性研究报告编制依据国务院关于促进生猪生产发展稳定市场供应的意见（国 发200722号）国家发展改革委办公厅、农业部办公厅关于申报生猪良种繁育体系和生猪标准化规模场（小区）建设项目投资计划的通知（发改办农经20071939号）国土资源部、农业部关于促进规模化畜禽养殖有关用地政策的通知（国土资发2007220号）有关生猪养殖文件精神。五、综合评价（一）综合评价：该项目建设通过公司化的生产经营模式，符合国家的有关产业政策，建设规模适宜，资金安排合理。项目设计方案合理，先进实用。财务分析经济效果可行，管理体系健全。在项目建设的设计中兼顾了粪污、病死猪的处理利用，不会造成环境污染问题，有利于标准养殖、健康养殖、生态养殖示范基地的建立与推广。（二）论证结论：该项目从建设规划、投资规模到经营管理均切实可行，立项目标准确，经济效益、社会效益和生态效益处理和谐，对调整城郊产业结构，推广生猪标准化、规模化生产，增加收入，建议予以立项建设。 第二章 项目建设的必要性和可行性 一、项目建设背景随着人民生活水平的不断提高，优质肉猪生产迎来了全面发展的黄金时期。在中国全面向小康社会迈进的新时期，而且国民收入的不断提高，消费者对肉食品的需求量将会越来越大。由于我国大部分地区在整个肉食品结构中传统上以猪肉为主，国内市场上优质瘦肉型猪肉的销售是将愈益呈现更大的市场空间，况且，中国加入世贸组织后，更为我国养猪业的发展带来了无限的商机，目前国内市场猪肉价格普遍上扬，并且一涨再涨的现象，就是这种商机初现的生动说明，这表明，长期困扰我国广大农民养猪低效，猪肉市场长期低迷的不利态势已经过去，而规模化、标准化的猪场将在未来的市场竞争中立于不败之地。2007年年以来，我国生猪价格高位运行，严重影响了人民群众的正常生活、影响了社会稳定，给国民经济带来了通货膨胀的巨大压力。为了促使这一矛盾的解决，党中央、国务院和各级党委政府决定大力发展生猪生产，确保市场有效供给，正常市场猪价，维护社会稳定。 目前，尽管养猪业近年来发展迅速，但是要实现畜牧业的突破性跨越式发展, 还存在养猪生产中现代良种猪所占比重低、基础设施设备落后、产业化水平不高等多方面的问题亟待解决。镇曙光村提出的规模化、标准化养猪场建设项目，以增加农民收入作为根本出发点和落脚点，旨在立足本地区的产业优势和资源优势，推动畜牧业持续、健康发展，项目的实施可显著提高本地区优质型良种猪供种能力，提高养猪业良种化程度和生猪生产性能，提高产品的市场竞争力，进一步发展壮大畜牧业中的优势主导产业，推进农业和农村经济结构调整，提高农业生产组织化程度和农业产业化经营水平。 根据党的十七大会议精神，大力发展扶持畜牧业向规模化、标准化、科学化要效益。为落实党的十七大会议精神，建立良种猪场，对促使我市肉猪生产显得尤为重要和必要。二、项目建设的必要性和可行性（一）项目建设的必要性 1、是增加农民收入的需要 区是呼和浩特市重要的蔬菜、肉类、鲜奶、禽蛋等生猪副食品供应基地。2007全区生猪存栏4.7万头，奶牛存栏17万头，羊存栏4.8万只，肉类总产1万吨，禽蛋产量3000吨，鲜奶产量73万吨，畜牧业产值实现40717万元,农民人均畜牧业增收3601元，是农民现金收入的主要来源。项目建成后，随着主导产业的发展和附加产业的兴起，畜牧业产值将大幅度增加，会培育新的农民增收、农业增效的经济增长点，带领农民全面致富奔小康，无疑具有重要的现实意义。 2、是调整优化城郊农业和农村经济结构的需要 相对而言，区的农业经济仍是以蔬菜种植、奶牛养殖和粮食种植业经济为主的一个经济形态，产值低，利润少，在新的经济形势下，急需新的产业切入点和新的经济增长点。随着该项目的实施可以有力地推动传统粮经二元种植结构向粮经饲三元种植结构转变，并通过粪污综合利用，形成畜沼田等循环经济发展新格局。通过大力发展畜牧业中最具活力的优质生猪养殖业，将传统产业变为优势产业，发展壮大优势主导产业，改变农业经济中种植业经济占据“半壁江山”的经济结构格局，将会极大的增强城区现代农业的发展后劲。 3、是确保市场有效供给的需要 随着国民经济的发展，人们对肉、蛋、奶等动物食品的需求稳步增加。而在我国居民肉类消费结构中，猪肉消费占到60%以上，占据主导地位，并且由于我国国情和居民肉类消费习惯的原因，在今后相当长的一段时间内，猪肉仍将是我国居民消费的主要肉类食品。2007年，全国性的生猪价格一路攀升，并不断刷新历史记录。其中主要的原因就是生猪的标准化、规模化生产水平低，抵抗市场风险能力低，措伤了农民养猪积极性，使生猪市场供求出现不稳定性，从而使生猪在生产、流通、消费和市场调控存在较突出的矛盾，所以，必须建立生猪生产发展的保障机制。由分散、粗放性养殖向标准化、规模化养殖转变，以提高抵御市场风险的能力。 4、是提高养猪科技发展水平的需要 区养猪业虽然近年来发展迅速，但仍属于典型的自然经济型传统产业，技术含量和生产效率低，猪良种繁育体系建设不完善，良种母猪严重不足，已不能适应现代养猪生产的发展需要。因此，要想提高养猪生产效率，促进产业升级，就必须走良种化、规模化、产业化的道路，必须向安全、高产、优质、高效的方向转化，必须加速成熟、先进、实用技术成果的应用，必须加快安全、优质型猪规模化养殖技术推广和产业化建设。项目的实施，将显著提高优质型良种猪的供种能力，提高区养猪业良种化程度和生猪生产性能，提升养猪业的技术水平和经济效益，满足赛罕区不断发展的现代养猪业的生产需求，市场竞争力，将产生巨大的促进作用。（二）项目建设的可行性 1、建设环境好。区农民从历史上就有养猪的习惯，为社会主义新农村建设、农民增收、农业增效发挥着不可替代的重要作用。当前中央、省、市出台了一系列政策环境优惠，在区委政府“十一五”发展规划和新农村建设规划中，均将养猪业作为农民收入最稳固的增长点予以优先发展。区政府因地制宜出台了一系列优惠政策，在技术、信息、资金、物资等方面实行倾斜，为养猪业发展注入了强大活力。 2、基础条件好。区紧靠市市区，技术上可以得到自治区、市有关业务部门和农业大学的支持，信息上有健全和完备的网络。良种繁育体系较为完善，完备的防检体系为养猪业健康发展提供了可靠保障。群众的文化水平和市场意识相较高，对科技意识、市场意识接受能力强，推广标准化生产群众认知度强、积极性高。 3、饲料资源好。区有大量的粮食和丰富的农副产品资源如各种蔬菜块、茎、叶等可供转化利用，可以实现粮食就地转化增殖，并有效降低养猪生产成本。 4、技术力量好。区现有高级畜牧（兽医）师 3人，畜牧（兽医）师14人，助理师及技术员24人，他们常年战斗在畜牧兽医生产第一线，实践经验丰富，服务到户。目前区的生猪发病率、死亡率控制在自治区制定标准范围内，而且自治区、市有关业务部门和农业大学的技术力量也可以随时为的区养猪生产提供技术服务，为养猪生产全面发展提供了可靠的技术保障。 5、地理位置好。区有独特、优越的地理位置，交通便利，道路四通八达。可以利用的有机场高速、国道、省道、集公路、西公路，空港有机场，铁路有西货站、火车站。 而且其位置在曙光村西北，远离村庄，水、电条件好，是建生猪养殖项目的理想用地。第三章 市场供求分析及预测 一、市场分析（一）项目市场供求现状 我国现有人口12.7亿，预计到2010年我国人口将达到14.04亿。目前中等发达国家人均肉类消费70-80kg，而我国为48kg其中猪肉67%，但由于我国国情限制，在相当长一段时间内，猪肉仍将占消费量的60%以上。根据农业部中长期农业发展纲要和中国农科院畜牧研究所的相关分析预测结果，我国2008年猪肉需求量为4522万吨，到2010年为5040万吨，2015年为5434万吨，2020年为5580万吨，猪肉消费市场前景十分广阔。 同时，针对国外市场，我国是世界上几个猪肉出口最多国家之一，而且在我国周边国家和地区，如：俄罗斯、东南亚国家、日本、韩国以及香港、澳门均为进口猪肉的主要国家和地区，特别是一些国家和地区随着低效益产业的转移和中国加入wto，越来越倾向于从国外进口猪肉及其制品，仅香港市场活中猪、活大猪供应年需总量在300万头以上，新加坡1/3的进口猪来自中国。特别是九十年代中后期，“疯牛病”、“二恶英”、“禽流感”、“瘦肉精”等事件相继发生后，畜禽产品的安全问题引起了国际社会的高度重视，消费者对猪肉及其制品的安全性、优质性提出了更高的要求。 目前，为满足市场的需求变化，养猪业已到了由数量扩张向质量效益型转变的关键时期，大力开发和推广真正意义上的优质良种猪，提高生猪品种质量，实施品牌战略，增强市场竞争力，将是我国商品猪生产发展的必然趋势。 因此，本项目生产的优质商品猪具有十分广阔的市场前景。（二）项目产品在国内外市场竞争力分析 本项目推广“三元”杂交商品猪在示范生产中，肥育期日增重826g/d，饲料利用率2.61:1，160天达100kg体重，综合生产性能要达到先进水平。因此，不论在产品质量上，还是产品技术性能上都具有了市场上竞争的优势和能力。 同时，中国加入wto后，国际上大市场、大流通的国际多边自由贸易随之形成，随着国内支持措施的削减，国际市场上畜产品的竞争将由过去的扭曲价格竞争变为以生产成本和品质为核心的全面公平竞争。在中国，一方面，人口众多，劳动力成本相对较低。另一方面，养猪业可享受wto现有成员已享受的好处，获得进入国外市场的规范渠道。因引，相对而言，中国的养猪业在保证产品质量的基础上，具有较强的价格优势。经统计，“三元”商品猪较一般商品猪每头在节约饲料、饲养时间、人工费用等方面可降低成本70元左右；在提高产肉量、增加出栏率等方面上，每头可提高收入近30元，合计每头优质商品猪平均可多增收100元左右。 因而，本项目产品在国内市场的竞争力上，由于成本较低，质量好，具有较大的价格和产品优势。二、生产和营销模式 项目拟采用“自繁自育、封闭管理、全进全出”的标准化生产模式，实行生态养殖模式，依靠便利的信息网络和大型屠宰企业，形成长期供货渠道。三、市场风险分析（一）政策风险 当前，我国农业和农村经济发展已进入一个新阶段，2001年国务院发布了农业科技发展纲要，提出了“十五”期间及今后十年我国农业科技发展的方针、目标、任务及要求，明确提出：把调整农业和农村经济结构、提高农业效益、改善生产环境、增强农业国际竞争力提供科技支撑作为重点任务。要进一步加强对农业科技的投入，积极营造有利于农业科技创新的成果转化的政策环境。同时，国家“十一五”农业和农村经济发展规划提出，要改良畜禽品种，加快畜牧业发展，到2010年畜牧业总产值比重达到38%。可见在农业和畜牧业的发展上，国家历来是处于战略角度上认识其重要性，将其当成是关系到国家安定团结，提高人民生活水平的大事来抓。今年，中央、省和呼和浩特市市相继出台了一系列扶持生猪生产发展的优惠政策，在可预见的将来，本项目基本不存在政策风险。（二）人力资源风险 由于本项目涉及到养猪行业中相关科学的系统利用及配套组装，科技含量较高，技术要求较高。项目实施的核心人员的素质是项目完成的关键因素之一，项目承担单位将紧紧依靠技术依托单位自治区、市有关业务部门和农业大学、区农牧局的支持的人才优势和技术优势，负责项目的技术方案、技术路线的拟定，同时从河北地区引进成熟的猪场技术、管理人员，项目的组织实施，基本上无人力资源风险。（三）技术风险 从本项目的技术风险上看，主要是动物疫病的风险，通过实行程序化免疫，严格的消毒隔离措施，可以有效地化解。（四）市场风险 本项目的市场风险主要为生猪市场的周期性波动，从而影响经济效益。因此，一要通过加强市场预测，降低市场风险；二要加强新技术的组装、集成和应用，降低生产成本；三要积极推进养猪产业化，提高产业链的增值效率，分散风险，提高抗御市场风险的能力，把市场风险降低到最低。同时，随着社会的发展，分工越来越细，一家一户散养户因为比较效益差逐渐放弃养猪行业，而被专业化、规模化、标准化养猪场所取代。 从市场竞争来看，本项目从商品质量、生产成本等方面具有强劲的竞争优势。产品凭借其价格、质量优势，可参与国内市场竞争。 第四章 项目承担单位基本情况 一、 概况 单位的专家作为技术顾问，承担生猪生产的饲养管理、疫病防治、饲料加工等技术服务工作，可保证项目生产经营管理及技术服务工作的正常进行。二、财务状况项目建设单位曙光村以现有的自有资金和村的自筹资金完全可以为项目建设提供资金保障。 第五章 项目地点选择分析一、 项目选址原则和要求（一）项目建设用地为农村的荒地，由公司与村自愿鉴定承租协议。（二）项目建设地点远离旅游区、自然保护区、古建筑保护区、水源保护区、畜禽疫病多发区和环境公害污染严重地区建场。（三）用地纳入了当地城镇发展建设规划、土地利用规划，符合相关法规。（四）建设地点选择在远离城镇居民区，避免了气味、废水及粪肥堆置不影响居民区环境。（五）项目建设地点交通便利、水电供应可靠。二、项目区概况（一）地理位置及区域范围 曙光村地处市南郊，土地肥沃，是市重要的蔬菜、禽蛋、奶牛的供应地。（二）自然资源状况项目区曙光村属于温带大陆性季风气候，四季变化明显，其特点：夏季炎热期短暂，春季干旱多风，秋季日光充足。年平均气温达到6.7。无霜期短，降水少且集中，多数集中在7、8月份，年平