出口杏鲍菇、鸡腿菇等食用菌工厂化生产项目可行性研究报告1.doc

at once, jumbo refused to move. fifteen policemen had to push very hard to get him off the main street. the police had a difficult time, but they were most amused. jumbo must weigh a few tons, said a policeman afterwards, so it was fortunate that we didnt have to carry him. of course, we should arrest him, but as he has a good record, we shall let him off this time.lesson66 sweet as honey! 像蜜一样甜！the hatheld puffin is a modern aero-plane, but its designer, mr john wimpenny, is finding it difficult to get it off the ground. the reason for this is that this plane is also a bicycle. its pilot has to pedal hard to get it into the air. after mr wimpenny had the plane built, it was tested thoroughly. in 1961, it was the first man-powered aircraft to fly half a mile. while being flown by a champion amateur cyclist in 1963, the plane crashed on an airfield. since then, mr wimpenny has had it rebuilt. he has had the length of the wings increased so that they now measure 93 feet-almost as long as those of a dakota. many people have shown interest in this new and unusual sport. but though air cyclists may learn how to fly over short distances, and may, eventually, even get across the english channel, it is doubtful whether they will ever cycle across the atlantic.lesson67 volcanoes 火山haroun tazieff the polish scientist, has spent his life-time studying active volcanoes and deep caves in all parts of the world. in 1948, he went to lake kivu in the congo to observe a new volcano which he later named kituro. tazieff was able to set up his camp very close to the volcano while it was erupting violently. though he managed to take a number of brilliant photographs, he could not stay near the volcano for very long. he noticed that a river of liquid rock was coming towards him. it threatened to surround him completely, but tazieff managed to escape just in time. he waited until the volcano became quiet and he was able to return two days later. this time, he managed to climb into the mouth of kituro so that he could take photographs and measure temperatures. tazieff has often risked his life in this way. he has been able to tell us more about active volcanoes than any man alive. lesson68 persistent 纠缠不休i crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and came running towards me. it was no use pretending that i had not seen him, so i waved to him. i never enjoy meeting bert dykes. he never has anything to do. no matter how busy you are, he always insists on coming with you. i had to think of a way of preventing him from following me around all morning.hullo, bert, i said. fancy meeting you here !hullo, elizabeth, bert answered. i was just wondering how to spend the morning-until i saw you. youre not busy doing anything, are you ? no, not at all, i answered. im going to. .would you mind my coming with you ? he asked, before i had finished speaking. not at all, i lied, but im going to the dentist. then ill come with you, he answered. theres always plenty to read in the waiting room !lesson69 but not murder! 并非谋杀！i was being tested for a driving licence for the third time. i had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully. after having been instructed to drive out of town, i began to acquire confidence. sure that i had passed, i was almost beginning to enjoy my test. the examiner must have been pleased with my performance, for he smiled and said, just one more thing, mr eames. let us suppose that a child suddenly crosses the road in front of you. as soon as i tap on the window, i want the car to be stopped immediately. i continued driving and after some time, the examiner tapped loudly. though the sound could be heard clearly, it took me a long time to react. i suddenly pressed the brake pedal hard and we were both thrown forward. the examiner looked at me sadly. mr eames, he said, in a mournful voice, you have just killed that child ! lesson70 red for danger 危险的红色during a bullfight, a drunk suddenly wandered into the middle of the ring. the crowd began to shout, but the drunk was unaware of the danger. the bull was busy with the matador at the time, but it suddenly caught sight of the drunk who was shouting rude remarks and waving a red cap. apparently sensitive to criticism, the bull forgot all about the matador and charged at the drunk. the crowd suddenly grew quiet. the drunk, however, seemed quite sure of himself. when the bull got close to him, he clumsily stepped aside to let it pass. the crowd broke into cheers and the drunk bowed. by this time, however, three men had come into the ring and they quickly dragged the drunk to safety. even the bull seemed to feel sorry for him, for it looked on sympathetically until the drunk was out of the way before once more turning its attention to the matador.lesson71 a famous clock 一个著名的大钟when you visit london, one of the first things you will see is big ben, the famous clock which can be heard all over the world on the b.b.c. if the houses of parliament had hot been burned down in 1834, the great clock would never have been erected. big ben takes its name from sir benjamin hall who was responsible for the making of the clock when the new houses of parliament were being built. it is not only of immense size, but is extremely accurate as well. officials from greenwich observatory have the clock checked twice a day. on the b.b.c. you can hear the clock when it is actually striking because microphones are connected to the clock tower. big ben has rarely gone wrong. once, however, it failed to give the correct time. a painter who had been working on the tower hung a pot of paint on one of the hands and slowed it down ! lesson72 a car called bluebird “蓝鸟”汽车the great racing driver, sir malcolm campbell, was the first man to drive at over 300 miles per hour. he set up a new world record in september 1935 at bonneville salt flats, utah. bluebird, the car he was driving, had been specially built for him. it was over 30 feet in length and had a 2500 horse-power engine. although campbell reached a speed of over 304 miles per hour, he had great difficulty in controlling the car because a tyre burst during the first run. after his attempt, campbell was disappointed to learn that his average speed had been 299 miles per hour. however, a few days later, he was told that a mistake had been made. his average speed had been 301 miles per hour. since that time, racing drivers have reached speeds of over 400 miles an hour. following his fathers footsteps many years later, sir malcolms son, donald, also set up a world record. like his father, he was driving a car called bluebird.lesson73 the record-holder 纪录保持者little boys who play truant from school are unimaginative. a quiet days fishing, or eight hours in a cinema seeing the same film over and over again, is usually as far as they get. they have all been put to shame by a boy who, while playing truant, travelled 1600 miles. he hitch- hiked to dover and, towards evening, went into a boat to find somewhere to sleep. when he woke up next morning, he discovered that the boat had, in the meantime, travelled to calais. no one noticed the boy as he crept off. from there, he hitch-hiked to paris in a lorry. the driver gave him a few biscuits and a cup of coffee and left him just outside the city. the next car the boy stopped did not take him into the centre of paris as he hoped it would, but to perpignan on the french-spanish border. there he was picked up by a policeman and sent back to england by the local authorities. he has surely set up a record for the thousands of boys who dream of evading school.lesson74 out of the limelight 舞台之外an ancient bus stopped by a dry river bed and a party of famous actors and actresses got off. dressed in dark glasses and old clothes, they had taken special precautions so that no one should recognize them. but as they soon discovered, disguises can sometimes be too perfect.this is a wonderful place for a picnic, said gloria gleam. it couldnt be better, gloria, brinksley meers agreed. no newspaper men, no film fans! why dont we come more often ? meanwhile, two other actors, rockwall slinger and merlin greeves, had carried two large food baskets to a shady spot under some trees. when they had all made themselves comfortable, a stranger appeared. he looked very angry. now you gut out of here, all of you! he shouted: im sheriff here. do you see that notice ? it says no camping-in case you cant read ! look, sheriff, said rockwall, dont be too hard on us. im rockwall slinger and this is merlin greeves. oh, is it ? said the sheriff with a sneer. well, im brinksley meers, and my other name is gloria gleam. now you get out of here fast !lesson75 sos 呼救信号when a light passenger plane flew off course some time ago, it crashed in the mountains and its pilot was killed. the only passengers, a young woman and her two baby daughters, were unhurt. it was the middle of winter. snow lay thick on the ground. the woman knew that the nearest village was miles away. when it grew dark. she turned a suitcase into a bed and put the children inside it, covering them with all the clothes she could find. during the night, it got terribly cold. the woman kept as near as she could to the children and even tried to get into the case herself, but it was too small. early ,next morning she heard planes passing overhead and wondered how she could send a signal. then she had an idea. she stamped out the letters sos in the snow. fortunately, a pilot saw the signal and sent a message by radio to the nearest town. it was not long before a helicopter arrived on the scene to rescue the survivors of the plane crash.lesson76 april fools day 愚人节to end our special news bulletin, said the voice of the television announcer, we are taking you to the macaroni fields of calabria. macaroni has been grown in this area for over six hundred years. two of the leading growers, giuseppe moldova and ricardo brabante, tell me that they have been expecting a splendid crop this year and harvesting has begun earlier than usual. here you can see two workers who, between them, have just finished cutting three cart-loads of golden brownmacaroni stalks. the whole village has been working day and night gathering and threshing this years crop before the september rains. on the right, you can see mrs brabante herself. she has been helping her husband for thirty years now. mrs brabante is talking to the manager of the local factory where the crop is processed. this last scene shows you what will happen at the end of the harvest : the famous calabrian macaroni-eating competition ! signor fratelli, the present champion, has won it every year since 1961. and that ends our special bulletin for today, thursday, april 1st. we are now returning you to the studio.lesson77 a successful operation 一例成功的手术the mummy of an egyptian woman who died in 800 b.c. has just had an operation. the mummy is that of shepenmut who was once a singer in the temple of thebes. as there were strange marks on the x-ray plates taken of the mummy, doctors have been trying to find out whether the woman died of a rare disease. the only way to do this was to operate. the operation, which lasted for over four hours, proved to be very difficult because of the hard resin which covered the skin. the doctors removed a section of the mummy and sent it to a laboratory. they also found something which the x-ray of the god duamutef. this god which has the head of a cow was normally placedinside a mummy. the doctors have not yet decided how the woman died. they feared that the mummy would fall to pieces when they cut it open, but fortunately this has not happened. the mummy successfully survived the operation. lesson78 the last one? 最后一枝吗？after reading an article entitled cigarette smoking and your health i lit a cigarette to calm my nerves. i smoked with concentration and pleasure as i was sure that this would be my last cigarette. for a whole week i did not smoke at all and during this time, my wife suffered terribly. i had all the usual symptoms of someone giving up smoking: a bad temper年产7000吨金针菇、杏鲍菇等食用菌可行性报告xxx食用菌有限公司二o一o年七月年产7000吨金针菇、杏鲍菇等食用菌可行性报告第一章 项目背景及意义食用菌作为国际公认的健康食品，在国内外市场极为畅销，近年来，全球食用菌产业的发展速度很快，每年以7-10%的速度增长，而我国年增长速度更是高达20%左右，并保持良好的增长态势。由于食用菌尤其是食药兼用的菌类具有高蛋白、低脂肪、高维生素、低热量的特点，含有丰富的无机盐类和可食性纤维素，富含氨基酸、真菌多糖、微量元素等营养成分，对提高人体免疫力、防癌抗癌、抗衰老等具有明显的食疗价值。食用菌不但营养丰富，而且味道鲜美。它符合联合国粮农组织倡导的二十一世纪天然、营养、健康的保健食品要求，因而倍受人们的青睐。目前发达国家年人均占有蘑菇量已达20公斤，而我国仅5公斤。随着人们生活水平和科学膳食意识的不断提高，食用菌市场发展潜力很大。因此，开发食用菌产业具有广阔的市前景和良好的经济效益。xxx县发展食用菌生产具有得天独厚的优势，为了促进高效农业发展，近两年当地政府把食用菌作为主导产业来抓,目前已经形成远近闻名的工厂化栽培金针菇产业集群,有利于带动品质更优的杏鲍菇产业发展。xxx县是国家级生态示范县，丰富的意杨树林造成的气候条件也特别适宜食用菌的生产，农村经济主要以种植业和林业为主，农副产品下脚料如玉米芯、棉籽壳及木材加工产品下脚料木屑等到资源非常丰富，这些正是金针菇、杏鲍菇等食用菌生产的主要原料。当地劳动力资源丰富，食用菌是劳动密集型产业，发展食用菌生产为返乡农民工提供更多的就业机会。xxx县位于全国首批开放城市连云港的南大门，2009年6月，国务院常务会通过了江苏沿海地区发展规划，其中明确提出连云港经济规划以港口经济和现代高效农业为主，省政府更明确了具体项目规划，这为该项目的发展提供强有力的政策支持，326、327省道横贯县域东西，204国道和沿海、宁连高速纵穿南北，交通便捷，货运畅通。食用菌产业销售地主要集中在环渤海地区、长三角地区、珠三角地区。连云港目前已被纳入“长三角经济圈”，从xxx到达南京、上海只需2-4个小时，将来高铁通车还可以融入上海1小时经济圈，对产品销售非常有利。珍稀食用菌杏鲍菇（pleurotus eryngii），是一种品质优良的大型伞菌，菌肉洁白肥厚，质地脆嫩，味如杏仁及鲍鱼，营养丰富，素有“平菇王”之称，食之可以改善胃肠功能，并有明显的美容效果，入药有降血压和降血脂的作用，深受国内外消费者的青睐。而且产量较高，一般纯棉籽壳或棉籽壳与木屑混合料，生物转化率可达60%左右。杏鲍菇属低温性品种，出菇温度为13-18。该品种在国内外市极为畅销，如进行工厂化生产，周年供货，每吨售价达8000-16000元人民币，价格看好，效益可观。金针菇学名毛柄金钱菌，又称毛柄小火菇、构菌、朴菇、冬菇、朴菰 、冻菌、金菇、智力菇等，英文为:eniki mushroom，植物学名为flammulina velutiper (fr.) sing.。因其菌柄细长，似金针菜，故称金针菇，属伞菌目白蘑科金针菇属，是一种菌藻地衣类。金针菇具有很高的药用食疗作用。工厂化周年栽培金针菇、杏鲍菇是近年来迅速发展起来的现代化食用菌生产技术，其特点为工厂化周年生产，实行环境控制智能化，生产操作自动化，产品质量标准化，产品符合出口标准。本项目建设符合国家的产业政策方向，适合本地自然条件，有利于开发新优品种，促进当地食用菌产业升级，带动食用菌产品出口外销，为实现把xxx县打造成全省最大、全国知名的食用菌之乡的目标，促进当地食用菌健康持续发展具有重要意义。第二章 市场分析及预测一、我国食用菌产销情况 我国是食用菌生产大国，每年生产600多万吨各种食用菌，这极大地丰富了人民的物质生活。但品种主要集中蘑菇、香菇、木耳、平菇等全国普遍栽培的几种食用菌上，而且生产主要集中在秋、冬季节。现在逐渐增加了杏鲍菇、灵芝、竹荪、鸡腿菇、杨树菇、大球盖菇、阿魏菇等20多种，品种达30余种，但在高温的夏季，采用传统技术大部分食用菌还无法生产，栽培的品种更少。我国食用菌产品主要靠内销，食用菌历来作为高端食品出现在人们的餐桌上，通常只有逢年过节才有机会吃上。近年来，随着人们收入水平的迅速提高，消费能力迅速增强，但由于生产能力不足，价格仍居高不下。目前我国人均年占有量仅5公斤，不及发达国家的四分之一。通过工厂化生产，将有助于食用菌产量的迅速提高，人们购买新鲜食用菌更加便易，需求量和消费量也将明显增加。我国食用菌产品的出口主要是干菇、鲜菇和盐渍菇，其中以鲜茹出口效益最高。二、世界主要国家食用菌产销情况 在全球范围内，食用菌的生产主要集中在亚洲和欧美，日本是亚洲的食用菌生产大国，1990年食用菌总产值（除双孢菇外地达2769亿日元。日本的食用菌栽培技术和设备先进，已实现生产的园艺化和机械化，部分产品实现了周年生产周年供应。在国际市场上，日本香菇由于质量上乘每吨卖价达2.8-3.2万美元，比我国香菇的每吨0.8-1.2万美元高出近2倍。韩国也是亚洲主要的食用菌生产国，利用稻草作为栽培原料年产平茹3万吨，蘑菇2万吨。韩国香茹在国际上也很有竞争力，是日本的主要竞争对手，年出口约450吨。在欧洲，法国是最大的食用菌生产国，双孢菇年产量20-22万吨（鲜），产量仅次于美国，居世界第二位，是德国和欧洲蘑菇的供应基地。法国还建有欧洲最大的蘑菇菌种生产中心，生产谷粒菌种，销售到各个国家。荷兰的蘑菇栽培技术非常先进，已经实现了机械采菇，蘑菇产量15万吨左右。荷兰还建有蘑菇堆肥中心，向国外出口蘑菇堆肥。英国是欧洲的主要蘑菇生产国，大小菇场约500个年产量12万吨左右，主要用于本国市场。德国的蘑菇产量约5万吨。不足部分主要从荷兰、法国和中国进口。杏鲍菇人工栽培研究起始于法国、意大利和印度，首次开展人工栽培试验，日本于上世纪90年代实现商品性工厂化生产。三、金针菇、杏鲍菇市场分析金针菇据测定，金针菇氨基酸的含量非常丰富，高于一般菇类，尤其是赖氨酸的含量特别高，赖氨酸具有促进儿童智力发育的功能。金针菇干品中含蛋白质8.87%，碳水化合物60.2%，粗纤维达7.4%，经常食用可防治溃疡病。最近研究又表明，金针菇内所含的一种物质具有很好的抗癌作用。金针菇既是一种美味食品，又是较好的保健食品，金针菇的国内外市场日益广阔。金针菇人工栽培技术并不复杂，只要能控制好环境条件，就容易获得稳定可靠的产量。在作为食材时，金针菇特别是凉拌菜和火锅的上好食材，其营养丰富，清香扑鼻而且味道鲜美，深受大众的喜爱。杏鲍菇是我国食用菌家庭中的新秀，由于其质地脆嫩，具有一股淡淡的杏仁香味，适合保鲜、加工和烹调，深受消费者欢迎。近年来，杏鲍菇栽培在我国发展速度较快，栽培地区已从南方扩展到北方各省，栽培技术不断完善。目前，我国杏鲍菇的市场主要有两个方面：国内市场：国内市场的消费量在逐年增加，以各大高档饭店鲜菇消费为主。由于杏鲍菇价格较高，要真正进入普通百姓家庭，还需要3-5年时间。日本市场：近两年来，日本杏鲍菇市场需求猛增，产品供不应求，这极大地刺激我国杏鲍菇生产和基础的形成。杏鲍菇出口日本主要有三个产品：a保鲜杏鲍菇出口，通过空运或保鲜香菇拼柜海运出口。b盐渍菇出口，将杏鲍菇加工成盐水菇出口日本。c清水菇罐头出口，将切片后的杏鲍菇加工成清水罐头出口日本。预计今后几年内杏鲍菇市场不会出现大起大落，价格比较稳定，普通产地收购价基本保持在8元/公斤左右，反季节工厂化生产价格将更高。第三章 建设规模及建设内容一、建设规模：设立xxx食用菌有限公司，总投资3000万元，投资2000万元建工厂化食用菌厂一座，占地面积80亩，年产杏鲍菇5000吨；投资500万元建设90亩食用菌（主要是金针菇）大棚，带动周边农户发展大棚金针菇、杏鲍菇、茶树菇、秀珍菇、香菇等食用菌生产；投资500万元建设500平方米办公场所，设立食用菌经纪人公司及派驻一线城市分公司，搭建市场营销平台及网络营销整合，销售自有产品及农业园区其它食用菌生产企业产品，解决农户及相关工厂化食用菌生产厂家产品销售后顾之忧。利用北环路交通优势，搞活县域内及周边相邻城市食用菌市场交易流通。二、建设内容 工厂化食用菌厂：杏鲍菇生产车间全部采用恒温库标准建造，室内采用程控恒温技术，杏鲍菇的生长过程全部由电脑控制和记录。采取瓶栽和袋栽两种方式，自动化机械生产菌包，特别是采用开口式塑料瓶来培养菌种，采用塑料瓶来培养菌种，养菌效果好，产品质量高，虽然一次性投入较大，但可以反复利用20年，不仅降低了生产成本而且还减少了一次性塑料菌包对环境的污染。（一）土建工程1、建培养出菇房18000平方米。2、建培养架50000平方米，为铁架结构。3、建生产场地10000平方米，包括混凝土地面、水池设施、冷却塔、冷藏仓库、菌种室、接种净化室等设施。（二）仪器设备购置1.315kw变压器2台、制冷机120台、锅炉1台、大型高压来菌柜2台、自动装瓶机2台、自动接种机2台、广口塑料瓶200万只、以及拌料机、粉碎机、自动传输装置等。食用菌大棚：建设标准食用菌大棚200套，长30米，宽6米，棚距2米，两排大棚间距8米，钢架结构，泡沫覆盖保温，抗老化黑膜覆盖，外罩草帘，两头水泥砖封闭，塑钢门窗通风对流，砂石路连接，混凝土地面，拌料场1000平方。第四章 技术方案一、总体思路：1、金针菇、杏鲍菇可以人工控温、控湿、光照、氧气进行周年栽培；2、培养基配方主要以棉籽壳为主，适量添加麸皮、玉米粉等营养成份；3、通过不同材料的栽培料配方的含水量、ph值、持水性、透气性、灭菌时间、接种量的大小、菌丝萌发的快慢、接种成功率和产量的高低等，形成科学的生产技术；4、对菇房内影响菇类生长的各种温、光、气、湿等条件进行控制，以实现高产稳产；5、带动周边农户进行普通大棚食用菌生产。二、技术路线：杏鲍菇工厂化生产比双孢蘑菇和金针菇迟，发展时间不长，其工艺技术有待成熟和完善。其基本工艺模式是：配料-装瓶-来菌-自动化接种-发菌培养-后熟培养-搔菌-催蕾-育菇-采收。三、技术目标：1、技术指标：杏鲍菇生物转效率60%以上，日生产杏鲍菇2万瓶、3万袋，年生产杏鲍菇5000吨；日产金针菇15000袋，金针菇2000吨。2、工厂化栽培：主要解决菇房内影响菇类生长的各种温、光、气、湿条件，以实现每天都有鲜菇出产的周年栽培。3、选用栽培食用菌的适宜配方：利用棉籽壳等栽培杏鲍菇生长发育所需要的营养，并协调处理培养料的吸水、保水及通气问题。4、总结出适合于当地的食用菌工厂管理技术，为工厂化生产示范推广提供保证。第五章、实施进度自2010年7月开始，5个月内完成食用菌大棚施工，4个月内完成一期工厂化基础设施，完成投资2000万元，同时提前培养菌包， 2011年4月完成二期投资1000万元。2011年4月金针菇、杏鲍菇产品上市，并进一步扩大生产规模，并且建立完善的市场营销体系。第六章、市场营销采取公司产品和半紧密型协作农户产品差异化种植，形成公司产品多样化、系列化，统一产品质量要求，规范生产。设立食用菌经纪人公司，培养精干营销人员，构建一、二线城市销售网络，通过设立一、二线城市直销公司，采取进大型超市及大企事业员工餐厅由直销公司负责。中高档餐厅、农贸批发市场由当地经销商代理，或设立门市（柜、点等）销售。设立公司网站，通过付费网络资源如百度、阿里巴巴、农业网等整合网络销售，提高产品知名度。积极争取出口自贸权，做好出口型食用菌销售工作，为出口创汇，开拓国际市场而努力。通过经纪人公司注册十余个食用菌商标，主打两个商标，采取特许授权的方式，细化超市、餐厅、批发市场、出口型销售品牌，使各不同客户之间品牌差异化，避免品牌价格差别竞争，可通过特许商标贴牌方式，定点采购包销农户生产的食用菌销售。做好县域内超市及市场销售工作，积极覆射周边城市，如连云港、盐城、淮安、宿迁等地区，抢占市场份额，为销售工作打下良好基础，解决相当一部分产品销售风险。夯实企业生产底气，树立企业形象，促进企业良性循环，为后续发展提供动力，带动全县食用菌产业发展前进。第七章 环境保护、劳动安全一、设计依据 （1）建设项目环境保护管理条例（1998年11月29日中华人民共和国国务院令第253号）；（2）建设项目环境保护设计规定（1987年3月20日国环字1987.002号国家计委、国务院环境保护委员会）；（3）地表水环境质量标准ghzbi-1999；（4）农田灌溉水质标准gb5084-92；（5）恶臭污染排放标准gb14554-93；（6），工业企业厂界噪声标准gb12348-90；二、污染源 本项目的污染源主要是用来培育食用菌的培养基。三、环保措施和方案 经培育金针菇、杏鲍菇后的培养基料是很好的农业生产肥料，可以直接用于农作物施肥，还可以再利用生产鸡腿菇、草菇等。是否能加工成民用碳正在考证。四、环境保护标准污水 ph69，bods150mg/升，codcr150mg/升，悬浮物300mg/升。五、劳动安全与卫生1、本项目在生产过程中虽然没有产生有害物质和有害气体，但总的原则是“安全第一，预防为主”，保护工作人员的身体健康、正常生活和生产。2、在总体布置上，建筑物之间的间距均按国家防火规定要求合理布置，各区设备置消防给水管道设施，室内设置泡沫灭火器。为避免触电、机械事故发生，电器设备的金属外壳要做接地保护，配电系统采用零保护，机械传动部分要加罩保护，其余各项设备均采用安全保护。并建立严格的规章制度，严格按操作规程