生态养殖可行性报告.doc

running here and there: they had just discovered that a prisoner had escaped. at that moment, a large black car with four officers inside it, stopped at the camp gates. the officers got out and the prisoner stood to attention and saluted as they passed. when they had gone, the driver of the car came towards him. the man obviously wanted to talk. he was rather elderly with grey hair and clear blue eyes. the prisoner felt sorry for him, but there was nothing else he could do. as the man came near, the prisoner knocked him to the ground with a sharp blow. then, jumping into the car, he drove off as quickly as he could. lesson82 monster or fish? 是妖还是鱼？fishermen and sailors sometimes claim to have seen monsters in the sea. though people have often laughed at stories told by seamen, it is now known that many of these monsters which have at times been sighted are simply strange fish. occasionally, unusual creatures are washed to the shore, but they are rarely caught out at sea. some time ago, however, a peculiar fish was caught near madagascar. a small fishing-boat was carried miles out to sea by the powerful fish as it pulled on the line. realizing that this was no ordinary fish, the fisherman made every effort not to damage it in any way. when it was eventually brought to shore, it was found to be over thirteen feet long. it had a head like a horse, big blue eyes, shining silver skin, and a bright red tail, the fish, which has since been sent to a museum where it is being examined by a scientist, is called an oarfish. such creatures have rarely been seen alive by man as they live at a depth of six hundred feet.lesson83 after the elections 大选之后the former prime minister, mr wentworth lane, was defeated in the recent elections. he is now retiring from political life and has gone abroad. my friend, crawley, has always been a fanatical opponent of mr lanes radical progressive party. after the elections, crawley went to the former prime ministers house. when he asked if mr lane lived there, the policeman on duty told him that since his defeat, the ex-prime minister had gone abroad. on the following day, crawley went to the house again. the same policeman was just walking slowly past the entrance, when crawley asked the same question. though a little suspicious this time, the policeman gave him the same answer. the day after, crawley went to the house once more and asked exactly the same question. this time, the policeman lost his temper. i told you yesterday and the day before yesterday, he shouted, mr lane was defeated in the elections. he has retired from political life and gone to live abroad ! i know, answered crawley, but i love to hear you say it ! lesson84 on strike 罢工busmen have decided to go on strike next week. the strike is due to begin on tuesday. no one knows how long it will last. the busmen have stated that the strike will continue until general agreement is reached about pay and working conditions. most people believe that the strike will last for at least a week. many owners of private cars are going to offer free rides to people on their way to work. this will relieve pressure on the trains to some extent. meanwhile, a number of university students have volunteered to drive buses while the strike lasts. all the young men are expert drivers, but before they drive any of the buses, they will have to pass a special test. the students are going to take the test in two days time. even so, people are going to find it difficult to get to work. but so far, the public has expressed its gratitude to the students in letters to the press. only one or two people have objected that the students will drive too fast!lesson85 never too old to learn 活到老学到老i have just received a letter from my old school informing me that my former head- master, mr regmald page, will be retiring next week. pupils of the school, old and new, will be sending him a present to mark the occasion. all those who have contributed towards the gift will sign their names in a large album which will be sent to the headmasters home. we shall all remember mr page for his patience and understanding and for the kindly encouragement he gave us when we went so unwillingly to school. a great many former pupils will be attending a farewell dinner in his honour next thursday. it is a curious coincidence that the day before his retirement, mr page will have been teaching for a total of forty years. after he has retired, he will devote himself to gardening. for him, this will be an entirely new hobby. but this does not matter, for, as he has often remarked, one is never too old to learn. lesson86 out of control 失控as the man tried to swing the speed-boat round, the steering-wheel came away in his hands. he waved desperately to his companion, who had been water-skiing for the last fifteen minutes. both men had hardly had time to realize what was happening when they were thrown violent1y into the sea. the speed-boat had struck a buoy, but it continued to move very quickly across the water. both men had just begun to swim towards the shore. when they noticed with dismay that the speed-boat was moving in a circle. it now came straight towards them at tremendous speed. in less than a minute, it roared past them only a few feet away. after it had passed, they swam on as quickly as they could because they knew that the boat would soon return. they had just had enough time to swim out of danger when the boat again completed a circle. on this occasion, however, it had slowed down considerably. the petrol had nearly all been used up. before long, the noise dropped completely and the boat began to drift gently across the water.lesson87 a perfect alibi 极好的不在犯罪现场的证据at the time the murder was committed, i was travelling on the 8.0 oclock train to london, said the man.do you always catch such an early train ? asked the inspector.of course i do, answered the man. i must be at work at 10.0 oclock. my employer will confirm that i was there on time. would a later train get you to work on time ? asked the inspector. i suppose it would, but i never catch a later train.at what time did you arrive at the station ?at ten to eight. i bought a paper and waited for the train.and you didnt notice anything unusual ? of course not.i suggest, said the inspector, that you are not telling the truth. i suggest that you did not catch the 8.0 oclock train, but that you caught the 8.25 which would still get you to work on time. you see, on the morning of the murder, the 8.0 oclock train did not run at all. it broke down at ferngreen station and was taken off the line.lesson88 trapped in a mine 困在矿井里six men have been trapped in a mine for seventeen hours. if they are not brought to the surface soon they may lose their lives. however, rescue operations are proving difficult. if explosives are used, vibrations will cause the roof of the mine to collapse. rescue workers are therefore drilling a hole on the north side of the mine. they intend to bring the men up in a special capsule. if there had not been a hard layer of rock beneath the soil, they would have completed the job in a few hours. as it is, they have been drilling for sixteen hours and they still have a long way to go. meanwhile, a microphone, which was lowered into the mine two hours ago, has enabled the men to keep in touch with the closest relatives. though they are running out of food and drink, the men are cheerful and confident that they will get out soon. they have been told that rescue operations are progressing smoothly. if they knew how difficult it was to drill through the hard rock, they would lose heart. lesson89 a slip of the tongue 口误people will do anything to see a free show-even if it is a bad one. when the news got round that a variety show would be presented at our local cinema by the p. and u. bird seed company, we all rushed to see it. we had to queue for hours to get in and there must have been several hundred people present just be- fore the show began. unfortunately, the show was one of the dullest we have ever seen. those who failed to get in need not have felt disappointed as many of the artistes who should have appeared did not come. the only funny things we heard that evening came from the advertiser at the beginning of the programme. he was obviously very nervous and for some minutes stood awkwardly before the microphone. as soon as he opened his mouth, everyone burst out laughing. we all know what the poor man should have said, but what he actually said was: this is the poo and ee seed bird company. good ladies, evening and gentlemen !lesson90 whats for supper ？ 晚餐吃什么？though brazil is one of the richest countries in the world, much of it has not yet been developed. it was mainly for this reason that the brazilian government decided to have a new city built 600 miles north-west of rio de janeiro. designed by the great architect lucio costa, the new city, brasilia, replaced rio de janeiro as the capital of brazif in 1960. brasilia has been carefully planned for modern living. its wide roads, which can take fourteen lanes of traffic, have been keptaway from living areas. children do not have to cross busy streets to go to school. housewives can visit-shopping centres on foot, for in these specially designed living areas, cars are unnecessary. at first, the government had great difficulty in persuading people to leave rio and to settle in brasilia. since 1960, however, the population has been growing all the time. brasilia has quickly established itself as the capital of the country. the idea to have the capital moved so far inland will have a great effect on the future of brazil.lesson91 three men in a basket 三人同篮a pilot noticed a balloon which seemed to be making for a royal air force station nearby. he informed the station at once, but no one there was able to explain the mystery. the officer in the control tower was very angry when he heard the news, because balloons can be a great danger to aircraft. he said that someone might by spying on the station and the pilot was ordered to keep track of the strange object. the pilot managed to circle the balloon for some time. he could make out three men in a basket under it and one of them was holding field-glasses. when the balloon was over the station, the pilot saw one of the men taking photographs. soon afterwards, the balloon began to descend and it landed near an airfield. the police were called in, but they could not arrest anyone, for the basket contained two members of parliament and the commanding officer of the station! as the commanding officer explained later, one half of the station did not know what the other half was doing ! lesson92 asking for trouble 自找麻烦it must have been about two in the morning when i returned home. i tried to wake up my wife by ringing the door-bell, but she was fast asleep, so i got a ladder from the shed in the garden, put it against the wall, and began climbing towards the bedroom window. i was almost there when a sarcastic voice below said, i dont think the windows need cleaning at this time of the night.i looked down and nearly fell off the ladder when i saw a policeman. i immediately regretted answering in the way i did, but i said, i enjoy生猪繁育产业化扶贫项目可行性研究报项目法人： 二0一 一年八月十日 第一章 总论第一节 项目概要一、项目名称：二、建设性质 ：新建项目三、项目主管部门：四、项目建设单位：法人代表：所有制形式：私营五、建设地点：规模：利用该村现有的130亩荒地,建生猪繁育基地,达到年饲养生产母猪594头,公猪24头，仔猪10692头。3年内实现育肥出栏商品猪10692头，实现产值1800万元，利润494.95万元，期限及建设内容：该项目在资金到位后，当年内基本完成。主要内容有，猪场围墙1500米，猪舍7700，仓库及办公室210，饲料580吨。六、投资估算及资金筹措该项目总投资为1500万元，全部是自筹模式七、综合效益1.社会效益：项目充分利用了项目所在地丰富的水资源、优越的光热资源和农村丰富的农副产品资源，为周边地区提供优质的有机肥，又能做为沼气池的清洁能源，是实现燃烧、肥料转化的最佳途径，同时可以带动和加快农村农业产业结构调整的步伐，提高和改善农牧民生活水平，改变和缓解目前畜产品市场上猪肉的供需矛盾，提高广大养殖户的养猪热情起到积极的作用。综上所述，通过实施该项目，不仅给项目户带来可观的经济效益，同时对衡南县乃至衡阳市的经济发展，强化县、市畜牧业基础设施，维护社会稳定起到积极的作用。2.生态效益:新建养殖场经过环境评估，确保养殖场建成后不污染周围环境，周围环境也不污染养猪场，采用污染减量化、无害化、资源化的生产、处理工艺和设施，养殖场产生的粪便可作农田肥料和沼气池利用燃料，并可改善当地焚烧秸杆而造成的环境污染，改善生态环境。3.经济效益:项目全部建成后年收入可达1800万元,经济效益十分明显,可解决40多人的就业问题，增加项目户和养殖场工作人员的收入,带动当地和周边地区养猪业的发展,为县、市和其它乡镇养殖私营企业探索新的模式,同时可加快县、市农副产品深加工企业的发展。第二节 可研报告编制依据根据国家农业科技发展纲要2001-2010中提出“建立优质农产品生产基地、创名牌产品、优先支持畜禽、水产、茶叶、蔬菜、花卉、热带植物、药用植物”等高价农产品的良种引进，培育工作，研究开发前、产中、产后的整套技术，建立无公害、绿色产品的基地，新产品出口创汇基地”以及国家计委、建设部2007年颁布的建设项目方法与参数(第三版)及国家计委颁布的投资项目可行性研究指南。因此，读项目符合我国农业的整体发展战略，将会为农业和农村经济的发展拓展新的合同，为农民收入的增长开辟新的来源，对调整我国农业结构具有十分重要的意义。第二章 项目背景及必要性第一节 项目建设背景随着人民生活水平的不断提高，优质肉猪生产迎来了全面发展的黄金时期。在中国全面向小康社会迈进的新时期，随着国民收入的不断提高，消费者对肉食品的需求量将会越来越大。由于我国大部分地区在整个肉食品结构中传统上以猪肉为主，国内市场上优质瘦肉型猪肉的销售是将愈益呈现更大的市场空间，况且，中国加入世贸组织后，更为我国养猪业的发展带来了无限的商机，目前国内市场猪肉价格普遍上扬，并且出现一涨再涨的现象，就是这种商机初现的生动说明，长期困扰我国广大农民养猪低效，猪肉市场长期低迷的不利态势已经过去，而规模化、标准化的猪场将在未来的市场竞争中立于不败之地。为全面落实科学发展观，贯彻落实党的十七大和十七届五中全会的精神，在国家扩大内需，促进经济平稳较快增长的总体布署中，坚持开发式扶贫方针，以贫困农牧民增收、扶贫龙头企业增效、增强贫困农牧产品竞争力为目标,以体制创新、机制创新和技术创新为动力，以建设规模化、标准化生产基地为基础，以培育壮大扶贫龙头企业为重点，通过市场引导、龙头企业带动、贫困农牧民参与、优惠政策扶持，逐步培植和发展一批起点高、规模大、辐射带动能力强的扶贫龙头企业，全面提高县、市肉食产品在国际国内市场竞争能力，形成特色的区域性主导产业和优势产品，为全面建设小康社会和加快社会主义新农村新牧区建设创造条件。加快经济发展，为促进社会稳定和谐发展创造条件。第二节 项目建设的必要性1、衡南县经济结构单一，主要是种植水稻为主，农牧业不是本县的传统产业和主导产业，第二产业极不发达，尚未达到产业化的初级阶段，现代工业更不发达。当前，越来越多的农村富余劳动力已成为影响经济发展的一个突出问题。如何破解这一瓶颈，增加农民收入，是当前急需解决的社会问题。2、创造条件大力发展养殖业，衡南县虽然属于农业大县，农民都有养猪、养鸡、养鱼的习惯，但由于品种落后、生产原始，养殖不成规模，并且防疫工作不到位，造成猪、鸡、鱼成活率低，产量不高，挫伤了农民养殖的积极性，特别是水源不过关，养殖发展不起来，尤其是遇到干旱年份，农民农业灌溉问题都解决不了，还谈什么发展养殖业。为改变现状，我公司拟投资1500万元来改变当地的水利资源环境，主要是将欧阳海灌区通往项目区的水渠道进行重新修建，将现有的50亩鱼塘进行改扩到200亩，使鱼塘存水量达到满负荷，做到即确保项目区养殖业的水源供应，又能解决当地农民200多亩水稻和近100亩农作物的抗旱问题。为加快生猪品种改良，生产优质生态猪、鸡、和优良鱼类，适应市场需求，做到养殖业增收，解决农村富余劳动力问题，加大和改变当地产业结构的调整步伐，带动地区养殖业发展，促进当地农业增产增收，刺激当地农产品深加工等方面方面的发展，为此，我公司在冠市镇相市乡实施该项目是完全必要的。第三章 建设条件第一节 项目区概况该项目建设在衡南县冠市镇相市乡,位于该县东北部，居湘江中游，距冠市镇5公里。平均海拨85.7104.3米，年平均气温17.8。年平均降雨量1268mm，年日照时数达4800小时，无霜期287天。全镇现有30 个行政村，397个村民小组，4.16万人，全镇共有耕地2900公顷。 第二节 项目实施的有利条件该项目区地居湘江中游，交通十分便利，京珠高速公路纵贯南北，国道道地地107、省道德品质316穿境而过，离衡阳市区50公里，海拔低，气候适宜，日照充足，通过引水工程改造达到水资源丰富，适合农作物生长，加之近几年各级政府积极调整种植业产业结构，农业发展迅速，具有两季种植的习惯，有丰富的农作物和农副产品可利用为饲草饲料，可使生猪繁育的饲养成本降低。第三节 主要障碍因素及解决方案经过近几年不断的发展，经济效益有所增加，但是由于缺乏资金，饲养基数小，规模不大，基础设施投入不足，制约着进一步的发展，没有形成应有的规模，需加大投资，只有做大做强，才能发展成为龙头企业，才能带动其它产业的发展。因项目单位资金缺乏，无法扩大规模，因此申报此项目，用国家投资和自筹相结合的办法，来兴办生猪养殖场，使其向产业化、规模化、集约化、标准化方向迈进。第四章 建设单位基本情况第一节 建设单位概况项目建设地位于_，位于该县东北部，居湘江中游，,水资源丰富, 交通便利，农业发展相对较快,气候条件好，绝大部分耕地均可复种饲草料和蔬菜，水资源及饲草资源丰富，所以非常适合于发展规模化养殖业。第二节 建设单位企业制度和管理模式项目建设单位属于私营企业，管理模式借鉴和学习省内外先进的管理模式。第三节 企业财务状况该项目建设单位_,近几年来一直从事养殖业,积累了一些养经验,同时也取得了一定的经济效益。第五章 市场分析与销售方案第一节 市场供应现状这几年我国的养猪业受到了不同程度的影响，猪肉的产量也有所下降，针对这些情况国家采取对生产母猪进行饲料贴补、保险，对养猪场给予发放低息贷款等有利措施，使我国的养猪业得到了恢复，产量也基本稳定，而在衡南县的养猪户购买仔猪非常难，主要从浙江及我省的永洲等地引进，这些猪中有相当一部分是由贩卖者从散养的农户中上门收购后运到该县的，品种多种多样，良莠不齐，从收购、运输、到农户购进，用的时间长，抵抗力下降，且运输的路程远，易患病，传染病的流行蔓延机率大，仔猪死亡率高，打击了养猪的积极性，阻碍了养猪业的发展，该项目实施后可改变这一现状。第二节 产品市场需求预测衡南县2010年末全县总人口为109.6万人，汉族为主,占总人口的99%以上,都有吃猪肉的习惯,在2005年以前基本上家家养猪,2005年到2007年在我国部分地区发生了猪蓝耳病、口蹄疫等传染病,养猪业大幅下滑,但在国家采取了有力措施后这些问题相继得到了解决，从2010年开始养猪业有所恢复，群众养猪的积极性有所提高，尤其是生产性能高、饲养周期短、品质好的生猪更受养殖户的青睐，生猪的价格一直是据高不下，在我公司实施该项目既可以在我县就地销售，也可以给衡阳市周边地区销售，因此销售市场很有潜力。第三节 目标市场分析2005年以来，疑难猪病层出不穷，给广大的养殖户带来了灭顶之灾，而2006的市场疲软和高热病的爆发，更使我县乃至我国的养猪业达到了低谷，广大养殖户谈猪色变，无不伤心欲绝。而这所有的一切无不跟养殖观念、养殖规模、科学防疫相关，在当前养猪大好的行情下，广大养殖户跃跃欲试，然又怕重蹈覆辙。在此时建立一个良种繁育基地，不但给养殖户提供优良种猪，还给他们提供科学防疫、疾病诊断、饲料饲养等方面的服务，让他们没有后顾之忧，一定会使衡南县及周边地区的生猪饲养走向良性的、可持续发展的道路。第四节 销售策略和销售模式仔猪的销售可以改变以往的销售模式，采取上门送货和订单服务相结合，在衡南县及周边地区以送货为主，还可以外销或跟其它养殖企业联营，采用灵活多样的销售模式。第六章 项目建设方案第一节 技术方案1.基础设施按:技术规程参照湖南省农牧厅制定的db63/t4532004执行。2.疫病防治:在饲养的过程中，要高度重视疫病防治工作。防疫按湖南省实施办法进行。技术标准按db63/t 4352002执行。与畜牧兽医站要签订防疫合同，并聘请专业技术人员经常到养殖场指导。3.卫生管理:工作人员应定期参加体检，建立职工健康档案。患有人、畜共患疫病者，不得从事与饲养有关的活动。工作人员进入生产区时，更换衣鞋和消毒。非生产区工作人员不允许进入生产区，特殊情况必须进入的，应经过严格消毒，并遵守场内的防疫制度。限制各类社会人员进入饲养场地进行参观，经销等活动。 4.消毒按gb/t16569-1996规定实施。定期对圈舍及周围环境、污水池、排粪坑、下水道出口和饮水、饲料和生产设备进行消毒。5.选购设备:购置运输车，饲料加工机械，6.人员培训:联系省内外大中型养殖场,对招聘的工作人员分两批到养殖场进行为期15天的短期培训,学习比较先进的管理模式、养殖方法、营销策略。第二节 设备方案粉碎机：天阳3fs系列粉碎机。曲阜市天阳机械制造有限公司。第三节 工程方案一、猪场建设场址的选择 1.地形地势：猪场一般要求地形整齐开阔，地势较高、干燥、平坦或有缓坡，背风向阳。2.交通便利：猪场必须选在交通便利的地方。但因猪场的防疫需要和对周围环境的污染，又不可太靠近主要交通干道，最好离主要干道400米以上，同时，要距离居民点500米以上。禁止在旅游区及工业污染严重的地区建场。3.水源水质：猪场水源要求水量充足，水质良好，便于取用和进行卫生防护。水源水量必须能满足场内生活用水、猪只饮用及饲养管理用水(如清洗调制饲料、冲洗猪舍、清洗机具、用具等)的要求。为达到这一要求，我司将投资财1580万元改扩建两座水塘，将欧阳海灌区的水引入项目区，确保项目区各方面用水。4.场地面积：猪场占地面积依据猪场生产的任务、性质、规模和场地的总体情况而定。生产区面积一般可按每头繁殖母猪4050平方米计划。 二、 猪场的规划与布局1.生产区：生产区包括各类猪舍和生产设施，这是猪场中的主要建筑区，一般建筑面积约占全场总建筑面积的7080。种猪舍要求与其他猪舍隔开。在设计时，使猪舍方向与当地夏季主导风向成3060度角，使每排猪舍在夏季得到最佳的通风条件。总之，应根据当地的自然条件,充分利用有利因素，从而在布局上做到对生产最为有利。在生产区的入口处，应设专门的消毒间或消毒池，以便进入生产区的人员和车辆进行严格的消毒。2.饲养管理区：饲养管理区包括猪场生产管理必需的附属建筑物，如饲料加工车间、饲料仓库、修理车间；它们和日常的饲养工作有密切的关系，所以这个区应该与生产区毗邻建立。3.病猪隔离间及粪便堆存处：病猪隔离间及粪便堆存处这些建筑物应远离生产区，设在下风向、地势较低的地方，以免影响生产猪群。4.兽医室应设在生产区内，只对区内开门，为便于病猪处理，通常设在下风方向。5.生活区包括办公室、接待室、财务室、食堂、宿舍等，这是管理人员日常生活的地方，应单独设立。三、猪舍的建筑设计 1.猪舍的形式：用双坡、半开放式，这种猪舍保温效果好，可双列或多列。2.猪舍的基本结构：一列完整的猪舍，主要由墙壁、屋顶、地面、门、窗、粪尿沟、隔栏等部分构成。 1)墙壁 要求坚固、耐用，保温性好。比较理想的墙壁为砖砌墙，要求水泥勾缝，离地0.810米水泥抹面。 2)屋顶比较理想的屋顶为水泥预制板平板式，并加1520厘米厚的土以利保温、防暑.。 3)地板 地板的要求坚固、耐用，渗水良好。比较理想的地板是水泥勾缝平砖式(属新技术)。 4)粪尿沟 可设在距南墙40厘米处，并加盖漏缝地板。粪尿沟的宽度应根据舍内面积设计，至少有30厘米宽。 5)门窗 半封闭猪舍则与运动场的隔墙上开门，高08米，宽06米；通道的门高18米，宽10米，猪舍要设后窗，长与高皆为40厘米。 6)猪栏 除通栏猪舍外，在一般密闭猪舍内均需建隔栏。纵隔栏应为固定栅栏，横隔栏可为活动栅栏，以便进行舍内面积的调节。3.猪舍的类型：猪舍的设计与建筑，首先要符合养猪生产工艺流程，其次要考虑各自的实际情况。根据项目区的气候条件以防寒保温和防潮防湿为重点。 (1)公猪舍 公猪舍一般为单列半开放式，舍内温度要求1520度，风速为02米秒，内设走廊，外有小运动场，以增加种公猪的运动量，一圈一头。 (2)空怀、妊娠母猪舍、空怀、妊娠母猪最常用的一种饲养方式是分组大栏群饲，一般每栏饲养空怀母猪45头、妊娠母猪24头。猪圈面积一般为79平方米，地面坡降不大于145，地表不要太光滑，以防母猪跌倒。 (3)分娩哺育舍 舍内设有分娩栏，布置多为两列或三列式。舍内温度要求1520，风速为02米秒。 (4)仔猪保育舍 舍内温度要求2630度，风速为o.2米秒。可采用网上保育栏，l2窝一栏网上饲养，用自动落料食槽，自由采食。第七章 投资估算与资金筹措第一节 投资估算依据根据相关技术标准和规范，土建安装工程参照湖南建设厅颁布的湖南省建设工程预算定额价目表、2010年第三季度建设工程材料指导价格、湖南省交通厅运输定额公布的现行