肖家镇中低产田项目可行性研究报告.doc

children inside it, covering them with all the clothes she could find. during the night, it got terribly cold. the woman kept as near as she could to the children and even tried to get into the case herself, but it was too small. early ,next morning she heard planes passing overhead and wondered how she could send a signal. then she had an idea. she stamped out the letters sos in the snow. fortunately, a pilot saw the signal and sent a message by radio to the nearest town. it was not long before a helicopter arrived on the scene to rescue the survivors of the plane crash.lesson76 april fools day 愚人节to end our special news bulletin, said the voice of the television announcer, we are taking you to the macaroni fields of calabria. macaroni has been grown in this area for over six hundred years. two of the leading growers, giuseppe moldova and ricardo brabante, tell me that they have been expecting a splendid crop this year and harvesting has begun earlier than usual. here you can see two workers who, between them, have just finished cutting three cart-loads of golden brownmacaroni stalks. the whole village has been working day and night gathering and threshing this years crop before the september rains. on the right, you can see mrs brabante herself. she has been helping her husband for thirty years now. mrs brabante is talking to the manager of the local factory where the crop is processed. this last scene shows you what will happen at the end of the harvest : the famous calabrian macaroni-eating competition ! signor fratelli, the present champion, has won it every year since 1961. and that ends our special bulletin for today, thursday, april 1st. we are now returning you to the studio.lesson77 a successful operation 一例成功的手术the mummy of an egyptian woman who died in 800 b.c. has just had an operation. the mummy is that of shepenmut who was once a singer in the temple of thebes. as there were strange marks on the x-ray plates taken of the mummy, doctors have been trying to find out whether the woman died of a rare disease. the only way to do this was to operate. the operation, which lasted for over four hours, proved to be very difficult because of the hard resin which covered the skin. the doctors removed a section of the mummy and sent it to a laboratory. they also found something which the x-ray of the god duamutef. this god which has the head of a cow was normally placedinside a mummy. the doctors have not yet decided how the woman died. they feared that the mummy would fall to pieces when they cut it open, but fortunately this has not happened. the mummy successfully survived the operation. lesson78 the last one? 最后一枝吗？after reading an article entitled cigarette smoking and your health i lit a cigarette to calm my nerves. i smoked with concentration and pleasure as i was sure that this would be my last cigarette. for a whole week i did not smoke at all and during this time, my wife suffered terribly. i had all the usual symptoms of someone giving up smoking: a bad temper and an enormous appetite. my friends kept on offering me cigarettes and cigars. they made no effort to hide their amusement whenever i produced a packet of sweets from my pocket. after seven days of this i went to a party. everybody around me was smoking and i felt extremely uncomfortable. when my old friend brian urged me to accept a cigarette, it was more than i could bear. i took one guiltily, lit it and smoked with satisfaction. my wife was delighted that things had returned to normal once more. anyway, as brian pointed out, it is the easiest thing in the world to give up smoking. he himself has done it lots of times! lesson79 by air 乘飞机i used to travel by air a great deal when i was a boy. my parents, used to live in south america and i used to fly there from europe in the holidays. an airhostess would take charge of me and i never had an unpleasant experience. i am used to travelling by air and only on one occasion have i ever felt frightened. after taking off, we were flying low over the city and slowly gaining height, when the plane suddenly turned round and flew back to the airport. while we were waiting to land, an air-hostess told us to keep calm and to get off the plane quietly as soon as it had touched down. everybody on board was worried and we were curious to find out what had happened. later we learnt that there was a very important person on board. the police had been told that a bomb had been planted on the plane. after we had landed, the plane was searched thoroughly. fortunately, nothing was found and five hours later we were able to take off again.lesson80 the crystal palace 水晶宫perhaps the most extraordinary building of the nineteenth century was the crystal palace, which was built in hyde park for the great exhibition of 1851. the crystal palace was different from all other buildings in the world, for it was made of iron and glass. it was one of the biggest buildings of all time and a lot of people from many countries came to see it. a great many goods were sent to the exhibition from various parts of the world. there was also a great deal of machinery on display. the most wonderful piece of machinery on show was nasmyths steam hammer. though in those days, travelling was not as easy as it is today, steam boats carried thousands of visitors across the channel from europe. on arriving in england, they were taken to the crystal palace by train. there were six million visitors in all, and the profits from the exhibition were used to build museums and colleges. later, the crystal palace was moved to south london. it remained one of the most famous buildings in the world until it was burnt down in 1936.lesson81 escape 脱逃when he had killed the guard, the prisoner of war quickly dragged him into the bushes. working rapidly in the darkness, he soon changed into the dead mans clothes. now, dressed in a blue uniform and with a rifle over his shoulder, the prisoner marched boldly up and down in front of the camp. he could hear shouting in the camp itself. lights were blazing and men were running here and there: they had just discovered that a prisoner had escaped. at that moment, a large black car with four officers inside it, stopped at the camp gates. the officers got out and the prisoner stood to attention and saluted as they passed. when they had gone, the driver of the car came towards him. the man obviously wanted to talk. he was rather elderly with grey hair and clear blue eyes. the prisoner felt sorry for him, but there was nothing else he could do. as the man came near, the prisoner knocked him to the ground with a sharp blow. then, jumping into the car, he drove off as quickly as he could. lesson82 monster or fish? 是妖还是鱼？fishermen and sailors sometimes claim to have seen monsters in the sea. though people have often laughed at stories told by seamen, it is now known that many of these monsters which have at times been sighted are simply strange fish. occasionally, unusual creatures are washed to the shore, but they are rarely caught out at sea. some time ago, however, a peculiar fish was caught near madagascar. a small fishing-boat was carried miles out to sea by the powerful fish as it pulled on the line. realizing that this was no ordinary fish, the fisherman made every effort not to damage it in any way. when it was eventually brought to shore, it was found to be over thirteen feet long. it had a head like a horse, big blue eyes, shining silver skin, and a bright red tail, the fish, which has since been sent to a museum where it is being examined by a scientist, is called an oarfish. such creatures have rarely been seen alive by man as they live at a depth of six hundred feet.lesson83 after the elections 大选之后the former prime minister, mr wentworth lane, was defeated in the recent elections. he is now retiring from political life and has gone abroad. my friend, crawley, has always been a fanatical opponent of mr lanes radical progressive party. after the elections, crawley went to the former prime ministers house. when he asked if mr lane lived there, the policeman on duty told him that since his defeat, the ex-prime minister had gone abroad. on the following day, crawley went to the house again. the same policeman was just walking slowly past the entrance, when crawley asked the same question. though a little suspicious this time, the policeman gave him the same answer. the day after, crawley went to the house once more and asked exactly the same question. this time, the policeman lost his temper. i told you yesterday and the day before yesterday, he shouted, mr lane was defeated in the elections. he has retired from political life and gone to live abroad ! i know, answered crawley, but i love to hear you say it ! lesson84 on strike 罢工busmen have decided to go on strike next week. the strike is due to begin on tuesday. no one knows how long it will last. the busmen have stated that the strike will continue until general agreement is reached about pay and working conditions. most people believe that the strike will last for at least a week. many owners of private cars are going to offer free rides to people on their way to work. this will relieve pressure on the trains to some extent. meanwhile, a number of university students have volunteered to drive buses while the strike lasts. all the young men are expert drivers, but before they drive any of the buses, they will have to pass a special test. the students are going to take the test in two days time. even so, people are going to find it difficult to get to work. but so far, the public has expressed its gratitude to the students in letters to the press. only one or two people have objected that the students will drive too fast!lesson85 never too old to learn 活到老学到老i have just received a letter from my old school informing me that my former head- master, mr regmald page, will be retiring next week. pupils of the school, old and new, will be sending him a present to mark the occasion. all those who have contributed towards the gift will sign their names in a large album which will be sent to the headmasters home. we shall all remember mr page for his patience and understanding and for the kindly encouragement he gave us when we went so unwillingly to school. a great many former pupils will be attending a farewell dinner in his honour next thursday. it is a curious coincidence that the day before his retirement, mr page will have been teaching for a total of forty years. after he has retired, he will devote himself to gardening. for him, this will be an entirely new hobby. but this does not matter, for, as he has often remarked, one is never too old to learn. lesson86 out of control 失控as the man tried to swing the speed-boat round, the steering-wheel came away in his hands. he waved desperately to his companion, who had been water-skiing for the last fifteen minutes. both men had hardly had time to realize what was happening when they were thrown violent1y into the sea. the speed-boat had struck a buoy, but it continued to move very quickly across the water. both men had just begun to swim towards the shore. when they noticed with dismay that the speed-boat was moving in a circle. it now came straight towards them at tremendous speed. in less than a minute, it roared past them only a few feet away. after it had passed, they swam on as quickly as they could because they knew that the boat would soon return. they had just had enough time to swim out of danger when the boat again completed a circle. on this occasion, however, it had slowed down considerably. the petrol had nearly all been used up. before long, the noise dropped completely and the boat began to drift gently across the water.lesson87 a perfect alibi 极好的不在犯罪现场的证据at the time the murder was committed, i was travelling on the 8.0 oclock train to london, said the man.do you always catch such an early train ? asked the inspector.of course i do, answered the man. i must be at work at 10.0 oclock. my employer will confirm that i was there on time. would a later train get you to work on time ? asked the inspector. i suppose it would, but i never catch a later train.at what国家农业综合开发嘉禾县肖家镇中低产田项目可行性研究报告嘉禾县农业综合开发办公室二七年九月设计单位：嘉禾县农业综合开发办公室批准：刘建雄审定：刘建雄审核：李宗山王开军 校核：刘建雄王开军 设计：黄湘军 廖攸胜 目 录 第一章 肖家镇中低产田改造项目项目概要第二章 肖家镇中低产田改造项目区概况第三章 项目建设的必要性和可行性第四章 水资源评价与供需平衡分析第五章 规划设计第六章 开发任务和建设内容第七章 投资估算和资金筹措第八章 综合效益分析第九章 组织实施和运行管护第十章 环境影响与评价第十一章 结论与建议 第一章肖家镇中低产田改造项目概要一、项目背景肖家镇位于嘉禾县中部，距嘉禾县城15公里，项目区内资源丰富，水源条件优越，黄狮江流经该乡境内。项目区内交通便利，有耕地1.33万亩，其中水田9.5万亩，旱土0.33万亩，中低产田有1.5万亩，项目区开发农业增产潜力大，进行中低产田改造后，可以到农民适当调整农业结构，增收效果好，可以实现经济、社会和生态三大效益的统一。肖家镇中低产田改造项目区农田灌溉主要以水库、山塘和小型河坝为主，项目区上游有中型水库1座，小型水库5座，区内有骨干山塘564座，蓄引水量达479万立方米，项目区内农田灌溉用水有保证，但由于水利设施管理不善，渠系配套不完善，水利工程被冲被淤十分严重，使得水利设施不配套，抗旱、排洪、排渍能力极差。项目区农机服务体系不配套，农民耕种的劳动强度较大，降低了耕种效率。项目区交通方便，县、乡、村道路基本形成网络，项目区用电普及率达100%，所有农户均用上了电。二、项目范围、规模、内容与工期项目区涉及肖家镇的肖家、乐塘、乔田、双珠、新坠、坌头6个行政村，总耕地面积1.05万亩，其中水田0.9万亩，旱土0.15万亩，区内农业资源丰富，尚有中低产田0.9万亩，其中缺水型为0.7万亩、涝渍型0.2万亩。项目区是我县的粮食主产区之一。建设内容：针对制约农业生产发展的主要障碍因素，项目计划衬砌灌排渠系29条27.1km，其中灌溉渠系26条22.4km，护砌排洪渠3条4.7km，加固小二型水库一座，改良土壤0.3万亩，其中：测土配方施肥0.1万亩，深翻晒田0.2万亩，新修机耕路2条2.55km。肖家镇中低产田改造项目区计划硬化渠道27.1km，其中：40u型槽渠道长15.9km，60u型槽渠道长6.5km，浆砌石排水渠4.7km。新增有效水量20万立方米修建机耕道2.55公里。总计开挖土石方2.8万m3，浆砌石0.73万m3，预制件40u型槽31800块、60u型槽13000块。总劳动工日4.76万个，项目建设期为半年。三、投资估算和资金筹措投资规模：项目计划总投资615万元，其资金构成：财政资金439万元，包括中央财政资金293万元，省级财政资金117万元，市级财政资金22万元，县级财政配套资金7万元；群众自筹176万元，其中以劳折资123万元，完成劳动工日4.76万个。四、效益社会效益：项目实施后，一是农业基础设施建设得以加强。建成高标准农田，全面改善农业生产条件，对巩固农村承包经营机制，保护好耕地极为有利。二是农业科技含量得以提高，推进了产业结构调整。农产品品种优质化，提高了农田的使用率和产出效益，增加了农民收入，促进了社会稳定。三是农业机械不断的发展壮大，大大的减轻了农民的劳动强度。四是促进了社会主义新农村建设。生态效益：项目的实施将渠道配套完善，保护了水土，减少了流失和风沙对农作物的侵害，从而有效地改善了生态环境。经济效益：项目计划完成后，可节约水量20万方，改善灌溉面积0.7万亩，改善除涝面积0.2万亩；新增优质粮食生产能力108万公斤，新增优质烤烟75万公斤，项目预计新增产值226万元。项目区农民纯收入增加总额213.49元。五、组织领导成立由副县长黄志荣任组长，县政府领导肖金标为副组长，乡镇人民政府、县农业开发办、财政、纪检、监察、审计、建设、水利等部门主要负责人为成员的农业开发领导小组，负责组织、指导、管理本项目区实施工作。第二章肖家镇中低产田改造项目区概况一、自然概况（一）地理位置及范围肖家镇中低产田改造项目位于嘉禾县中部，距嘉禾县城15公里，项目区内资源丰富，水源条件优越，钟水河流经该乡境内，长达5公里。项目区内交通便利，项目区涉及肖家镇的肖家、乐塘、乔田、双珠、新坠、坌头6个行政村，总耕地面积1.05万亩，其中水田0.9万亩，旱土0.15万亩，区内农业资源丰富，尚有中低产田0.9万亩，其中缺水型为0.7万亩、涝渍型0.2万亩。项目区是我县的粮食主产区之一。（二）水文气象肖家镇中低产田改造项目属典型亚热带季风性湿润气候，常年的光、温、雨等自然资源较为丰富。多年平均太阳辐射总量为103.2大卡/cm2，多年平均日照为1732小时，多年平均气温18.1，无霜期为294天以上，多年平均降雨量为1411毫米。（三）地形、地貌及土壤肖家镇中低产田改造项目属典型的丘陵地区，低丘地貌，系石灰岩、紫页岩风化而成，土壤主要为红泥土，土壤富含多种微量元素，保肥保水性较强，土地适种范围广，宜粮、棉、油、茶、烟等多种植农作物的种植。（四）水资源项目区内水资源较丰富，黄狮江流经境内，观音山水库（中型）的灌溉渠系穿境而过。境内有田心一库、田心二库、红土岭、龙家洞、坌头5座小（二）型水库，区内骨干山塘564 座，总蓄引水量达479万立方米，能保证项目区水田及旱土灌溉用水。（五）耕地种类、数量及开发潜力项目区有耕地1.05万亩，其中水田0.9万亩，旱土0.15万亩，中低产田有0.9万亩，项目区开发农业增产潜力大，进行中低产田改造后，可以到农民适当调整农业结构，增收效果好，可以实现经济、社会和生态三大效益的统一。二、社会经济状况（一）人口及劳动力肖家镇中低产田改造项目区共涉及6个行政村，共有农户2938户，有农业人口1.16万人，有农业劳动力0.75个。（二）土地利用现状及农业生产水平肖家镇中低产田改造项目区主要以种植水稻为主，由于基础设施较差，每亩产量平均479公斤，绝大多数水利工程修建于5060年代，经过几十年的运行，目前损坏严重，水田因排涝条件差和冷浸田影响而产量较低，构成80%以上的水田产量不高，更不便调整种植结构，致使生产效益较低，严重地制约了农业生产的发展、农村产业结构的调整和农民增收。（三）地方财政与农民收入肖家镇中低产田改造项目项目区内肖家、乐塘、乔田、双珠、新坠、坌头6个行政村，共有农户2938户、人口1.16万人，劳动力0.75万个，近3年内农业总产值5758万元，人平可支配收入5327元。三、基础设施状况肖家镇中低产田改造项目区农田灌溉主要以水库、山塘和小型河坝为主，项目区上游有中型水库1座，小型水库5座，区内有骨干山塘564座，蓄引水量达479万立方米，项目区内农田灌溉用水有保证，但由于水利设施管理不善，渠系配套不完善，水利工程被冲被淤十分严重，使得水利设施不配套，抗旱、排洪、排渍能力极差。项目区农机服务体系不配套，农民耕种的劳动强度较大，降低了耕种效率。项目区交通方便，县、乡、村道路基本形成网络，项目区用电普及率达100%，所有农户均用上了电。第三章、项目建设的建设的必要性和可行性肖家镇是我县主要产粮地，农业是该乡的支柱产业。该乡的地理位置也决定了必须大搞农业开发，才能真正使农业增效、农民增收。（一）、项目区内水利工程设施老化：项目区绝大多数水利工程修建于5060年代，经过几十年的低维护运行，加上初建时的低标准，目前损坏严重，部分山塘无法正常蓄水，只能达到正常蓄水量40%50%，渠道垮方、淤塞、渗水严重，田间渠水利用系数约为3540%，水量浪费巨大。 （二）、水量供需矛盾突出及水利设施分布不平衡。项目区工程设施老化、灌区水利设施分布不平衡，非合理、非科学的工程布局直接导致了可利用水量的重复利用率极低，水资源浪费也大。同时也引起灌区内的水量调剂能力差，相对加深了可利用水量的供需矛盾。（三）、工程设施防洪能力脆弱。引起项目区洪涝灾害的主要因素是山洪暴发，山洪的最大特别是洪水过程短、洪峰流量大，这就要求农田具有良好的排泄系统。本项目区多数渠道有灌、排两重功能。由于原先设计标准低，再加多年运行，渠道淤塞严重，断面减小，严得影响了过流能力，导致洪涝损失惨重。二、项目区建设的可行性1、肖家镇政府非常重视农业综合开发工作，当作全乡的头等大事来抓，这为农业综合开发工作提供了强有力的组织保证。2、 项目区内的干部群众深感农业综合开发的益处，他们对项目的建设有着较高的认识和迫切的要求，所以项目的建设有着广泛的群众基础。3、 农业种植结构的调整，已基本形成生态农业格局，使农业经济收入稳步增长，乡村具有一定的资金自筹能力。第四章 水资源评价与供需平衡分析一、工程水文肖家镇中低产田改造项目属典型亚热带季风性湿润气候，常年的光、温、雨等自然资源较为丰富。多年平均太阳辐射总量为103.2大卡/cm2，多年平均日照为1732小时，多年平均气温18.1，无霜期为294天以上，多年平均降雨量为1411毫米。二、代表水文站1、将嘉禾水文站作为代表水文站，该站具有1959年2001年43年的降雨、径流资料，历年降雨资料见表4.11。将410月份的实测降雨系列进行频率分析计算， 1986年该时段的降雨频率为75%，而且降雨分布对作物生长不利，将该年作为设计代表年24children inside it, covering them with all the clothes she could find. during the night, it got terribly cold. the woman kept as near as she could to the children and even tried to get into the case herself, but it was too small. early ,next morning she heard planes passing overhead and wondered how she could send a signal. then she had an idea. she stamped out the letters sos in the snow. fortunately, a pilot saw the signal and sent a message by radio to the nearest town. it was not long before a helicopter arrived on the scene to rescue the survivors of the plane crash.lesson76 april fools day 愚人节to end our special news bulletin, said the voice of the television announcer, we are taking you to the macaroni fields of calabria. macaroni has been grown in this area for over six hundred years. two of the leading growers, giuseppe moldova and ricardo brabante, tell me that they have been expecting a splendid crop this year and harvesting has begun earlier than usual. here you can see two workers who, between them, have just finished cutting three cart-loads of golden brownmacaroni stalks. the whole village has been working day and night gathering and threshing this years crop before the september rains. on the right, you can see mrs brabante herself. she has been helping her husband for thirty years now. mrs brabante is talking to the manager of the local factory where the crop is processed. this last scene shows you what will happen at the end of the