食用菌深加工可行性研究报告1.doc

球还是水球？the wayle is a small river that cuts across the park near my home. i like sitting by the wayle on fine afternoons. it was warm last sunday, so i went and sat on the river bank as usual. some children were playing games on the bank and there were some people rowing on the river. suddenly, one of the children kicked a ball very hard and it went towards a passing boat. some people on the bank called out to the man in the boat, but he did not hear them. the ball struck him so hard that he nearly fell into the water. i turned to look at the children, but there werent any in sight: they had all run away! the man laughed when he realized what had happened. he called out to the children and threw the ball back to the bank. lesson31 success story 成功者的故事yesterday afternoon frank hawkins was telling me about his experiences as a young man. frank is now the head of a very large business company, but as a boy he used to work in a small shop. it was his job to repair bicycles and at that time he used to work fourteen hours a day. he saved money for years and in 1938 he bought a small work-shop of his own. during the war frank used to make spare parts for aeroplanes. at that time he had two helpers. by the end of the war, the small work-shop had become a large factory which employed seven hundred and twenty-eight people. frank smiled when he remembered his hard early years and the long road to success. he was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in. she wanted him to repair their sons bicycle! lesson32 shopping made easy 购物变得很方便people are not so honest as they once were. the temptation to steal is greater than ever before-especially in large shops. a detective recently watched a well-dressed woman who always went into a large store on monday mornings. one monday, there were fewer people in the shop than usual when the woman came in, so it was easier for the detective to watch her. the woman first bought a few small articles. after a little time, she chose one of the most expensive dresses in the shop and handed it to an assistant who wrapped it up for her as quickly as possible. then the woman simply took the parcel and walked out of the shop without paying. when she was arrested, the detective found out that the shop-assistant was her daughter. the girl gave her mother a free dress once a week !lesson33 out of the darkness 冲出黑暗nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what had happened to her. one afternoon she set out from the coast in a small boat and was caught in a storm. towards evening, the boat struck a rock and the girl jumped into the sea. then she swam to the shore after spending the whole night in the water. during that time she covered a distance of eight miles. early next morning, she saw a light ahead. she knew she was near the shore because the light was high up on the cliffs. on arriving at the shore, the girl struggled up the cliff towards the light she had seen. that was all she remembered. when she woke up a day later, she found herself in hospital.lesson34 quick work 破案“神速”ted robinson has been worried all the week. last tuesday he received a letter from the local police. in the letter he was asked to call at the station. ted wondered why he was wanted by the police, but he went to the station yesterday and now he is not worried any more. at the station, he was told by a smiling policeman that his bicycle had been found. five days ago, the policeman told him, the bicycle was picked up in a small village four hundred miles away. it is now being sent to his home by train. ted was most surprised when he heard the news. he was amused too, because he never expected the bicycle to be found. it was stolen twenty years ago when ted was a boy of fifteen !lesson35 stop thief! 捉贼！rov trenton used to drive a taxi. a short while ago, however, he became a bus-driver and he was not regretted it. he is finding his new work far more exciting. when he was driving along catford street recently, he saw two thieves rush out of a shop and run towards a waiting car. one of them was carrying a bag full of money. roy acted quickly and drove the bus straight at the thieves. the one with the money got such a fright that he dropped the bag. as the thieves were trying to get away in their car, roy drove his bus into the back of it. while the battered car was moving away, roy stopped his bus and telephoned the police. the thieves car was badly damaged and easy to recognize. shortly afterwards, the police stopped the car and both men were arrested. lesson36 across the channel 横渡海峡erna hart is going to swim across the english channel tomorrow. she is going to set out from the french coast at five oclock in the morning. erna is only fourteen years old and she hopes lo set up a new world record. she is a strong swimmer and many people feel that she is sure to succeed. ernas father will set out with her in a small boat. mr hart has trained his daughter for years. tomorrow he will be watching her anxiously as she swims the long distance to england. erna intends to take short rests every two hours. she will have something to drink but she will not eat any solid food. most of ernas school friends will be waiting for her on the english coast. among them will be ernas mother, who swam the channel herself when she was a girl.lesson37 the olympic games 奥林匹克运动会the olympic games will be held in our country in four years time. as a great many people will be visiting the country, the government will be building new hotels, an immense stadium, and a fine new swimming pool. they will also be building new roads and a special railway-line. the games will be held just outside the capital and the whole area will be called olympic city. workers will have completed the new roads by the end of this year. by the end of next year, they will have finished work on the new stadium. the fine modern buildings have been designed by kurt gunter. everybody will be watching anxiously as the new buildings go up. we are all very excited and are looking forward to the olympic games because they have never been held before in this country.lesson38 everything except the weather 惟独没有考虑到天气my old friend, harrison, had lived in the mediterranean for many years before he returned to england. he had often dreamed of retiring in england and had planned to settle down in the country. he had no sooner returned than he bought a fine house and went to live there. almost immediately he began to complain about the weather, for even though it was still summer, it rained continually and it was often bitterly cold. after so many years of sunshine, harrison got a shock. he acted as if he had never lived in england before. in the end, it was more than he could bear. he had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house and left the country. the dream he had had for so many years ended there. harrison had thought of everything except the weather.lesson39 am i all right? 我是否痊愈？while john gilbert was in hospital, he asked his doctor to tell him whether his operation had been successful, but the doctor refused to do so. the following day, the patient asked for a bedside telephone. when he was alone, he telephoned the hospital exchange and asked for doctor millington. when the doctor answered the phone, mr gilbert said he was inquiring about a certain patient, a mr john gilbert. he asked if mr gilberts operation had been successful and the doctor told him that it had been. he then asked when mr gilbert would be allowed to go home and the doctor told him that he would have to stay in hospital for another two weeks. then dr millington asked the caller if he was a relative of the patient. no, the patient answered, i am mr john gilbert. lesson40 food and talk 进餐与交谈last week at a dinner-party, the hostess asked me to sit next to mrs rumbold. mrs rumbold was a large, unsmiling lady in a tight black dress. she did not even look up when i took my seat beside her. her eyes were fixed on her plate and in a short time, she was busy eating. i tried to make conversation. a new play is coming to the globe soon, i said. will you be seeing it ? no, she answered. will you be spending your holidays abroad this year ? i asked. no, she answered. will you be staying in england? i asked. no, she answered. in despair, i asked her whether she was enjoying her dinner. young man, she answered, if you ate more and talked less, we would both enjoy our dinner ! lesson41 do you call that a hat? 你把那个叫帽子吗？do you call that a hat ? i said to my wife. you neednt be so rude about it, my wife answered as she looked at herself in the mirror. i sat down on one of those modern chairs with holes in it and waited. we had been in the hat shop for half an hour and my wife was still in front of the mirror. we mustnt buy things we dont need, i remarked suddenly. i regretted saying it almost at once.you neednt have said that, my wife answered. i need not remind you of that terrible tie you bought yesterday. i find it beautiful, i said. a man can never have too into the cave hoping to find buried treasure. the leader of the party was examining the soil near the entrance to the cave when the machine showed that there was gold under the ground. very excited, the party dug a hole two feet deep. they finally found a small gold coin which was almost worthless. the party then searched the whole cave thoroughly but did not find anything except an empty tin trunk. in spite of this, many people are confident that the revealer may reveal something of value fairly soon.lesson56 faster than sound! 比声音还快！once a year a race is held for old cars. a lot of cars entered for this race last year and there was a great deal of excitement just before it began. one of the most handsome cars was a rolls-royce silver ghost. the most unusual car was a benz which had only three wheels. built in 1885, it was the oldest car taking part. after a great many loud explosions, the race began. many of the cars broke down on the course and some drivers spent more time under their cars than in them ! a few cars, however, completed the race. the winning car reached a speed of forty miles an hour-much faster than any of its rivals. it sped downhill at the end of the race and its driver had a lot of trouble trying to stop it. the race gave everyone a great deal of pleasure. it was very different from modern car races but no less exciting. lesson57 can i help you, madam? 你要买什么，夫人？a woman in blue jeans stood at the window of an expensive shop. though she hesitated for a moment, she finally went in and asked to see a dress that was in the window. the assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed. glancing at her scornfully, he told her that the dress was sold. the woman walked out of the shop angrily and decided to punish the assistant next day. she returned to the shop the following morning dressed in a fur coat, with a handbag in one hand and a long umbrella in the other. after seeking out the rude assistant she asked for the same dress. not realizing who she was, the assistant was eager to serve her this time with great difficulty, he climbed into the shop window to get the dress. as soon as she saw it, the woman said s many ties.and a woman cant have too many hats, she answered.ten minutes later we walked out of the shop together. my wife was wearing a hat that looked like a lighthouse !lesson42 not very musical 并非很懂音乐as we had had a long walk through one of the markets of old delhi, we stopped at a square to have a rest. after a time, we noticed a snake-charmer with two large baskets at the other side of the square, so we went to have a look at him. as soon as he saw us, he picked up a long pipe which was covered with coins and opened one of the baskets. when he began to play a tune, we had our first glimpse of the snake. it rose out of the basket and began to follow the movements of the pipe. we were very much surprised when the snake charmer suddenly began to play jazz tunes and modern pop songs. the snake, however, continued to dance slowly. it obviously could not tell the difference between indian music and jazz!lesson43 over the south pole 飞越南极in 1929, three years after his flight over the north pole, the american explorer, r. e. byrd, successfully flew over the south pole for the first time. though, at first, byrd and his men were able to take a great many photographs of the mountains that lay below, they soon ran into serious trouble. at one point, it seemed certain that their plane would crash. it could only get over the mountains if it rose to 10,000 feet. byrd at once ordered his men to throw out two heavy food sacks. the plane was then able to rise and it cleared the mountains by 400 feet. byrd now knew that he would be able to reach the south pole which was 300 miles away, for there were no more mountains in sight. the aircraft was able to fly over the endless white plains without difficulty. lesson44 through the forest 穿过森林mrs anne sterling did not think of the risk she was taking when she ran through a forest after two men. they had rushed up to her while she was having a picnic at the edge of a forest with her children and tried to steal her handbag. in the struggle, the strap broke and, with the bag in their possession, both men started running through the trees. mrs sterling got so angry that she ran after them. she was soon out of breath, but she continued to run. when she caught up with them, she saw that they had sat down and were going through the contents of the bag, so she ran straight at them. the men got such a fright that they dropped the bag and ran away. the strap needs mending, said mrs sterling later, but they did not steal anything.lesson45 a clear conscience 问心无愧the whole village soon learnt that a large sum of money had been lost. sam benton, the local butcher, had lost his wallet while taking his savings to the post-office. sam was sure that the wallet must have been found by one of the villagers, but it was not returned to him. three months passed, and then one morning, sam found his wallet outside his front door. it had been wrapped up食用菌深加工项目可研报告第一章 总 论一、项目概况1、项目名称：食用菌工厂化栽培示范项目2、建设单位：3、项目建设性质：新建4、项目建设规模及内容：建培养房900平方米，培养架3000平方米。购制冷机25台，锅炉1台，灭菌锅4个，接种箱20台，以及装袋机、搅拌机、粉碎机等生产设备。年产杏鲍茹24万公斤，草茹9万公斤。5、建设总投资：项目建设总投资205.5万元，其中固定资产投资192.2万元，流动资金投资13.3万元。资金来源渠道为：拟申请财政拔款150万元，建设单位自筹55.50万元。6、经济效益：投产后年销售收入255万元，年利润78.68万元，缴纳所得税后年净利润52.72万元。项目财务内部收益率33.37%，财务净现值218.91%(ic=10%),投资回收期3.89年，投资净利润率38.29%。项目经济效益好，抗风险能力强。二、项目建设背景和必要性近年来，全球食用菌产业的发展速度很快，每年以7-10%的速度增长，而我国年增长速度更是高达20%左右，并保持良好的增长态势。由于食用菌尤其是食药兼用的菌类具有高蛋白、低脂肪、高维生素、低热量的特点，含有丰富的无机盐类和可食性纤维素，富含氨基酸、真菌多糖、微量元素等营养成分，对提高人体免疫力、防癌抗癌、抗衰老等具有明显的食疗价值。食用菌不但营养丰富，而且味道鲜美。它符合联合国粮农组织倡导的二十一世纪天然、营养、健康的保健食品要求，因而倍受人们的青睐。食用菌作为国际公认的健康食品，在国内外市场极为畅销，每吨售价达400010000元人民币，价格看好，效益可观。有人预测21世纪的食品重点是保健食品和功能食品，而食用菌正是保健食品的佼佼者，它无疑具有广阔的发展前途。目前发达国家年人均占有蘑菇量已达20公斤，而我国仅5公斤。随着人们生活水平和科学膳食意识的不断提高，食用菌市场发展潜力很大。因此，开发食用菌产业具有广阔的市场前景和良好的经济效益。晋城市发展食用菌生产具有得天独厚的优势：一是晋城市适合种植食用菌的栽培材料十分丰富。目前大量栽培食用菌的基质主要以富含木质素和纤维素的农作物副产品为主，如稻草、木屑、玉米秆、玉米芯、甘蔗叶、甘蔗渣等，作为糖业大省的广西每年生产的甘蔗渣多达60万吨，而且还有大量的其他经济植物副产品（茎、叶、荚、壳）和加工下脚料（渣、饼）没有得到有效的利用；二是广西气候条件好，地处亚热带湿润气候区域，年平均气温16-23，高、中、低温型食用菌品种都能种植。目前，我区栽培食用菌品种比较单一，主要是常见的香菇、木耳、双孢蘑菇、平菇等，数量不到10种，栽培季节也主要集中在秋、冬季，高温季节栽培的品种更加少，难以做到常年均衡供应。工厂化周年栽培食用菌是近年来迅速发展起来的现代化食用菌生产技术，其特点为工厂化周年生产，实行环境控制智能化，生产操作自动化，产品质量标准化。周年生产使周年供应成为可能，尤其是反季节生产，使人们在一年四季都可吃到新鲜菇类食品，从而提高经济效益。杏鲍菇不但营养丰富，味如杏仁及鲍鱼，而且产量较高。一般纯棉籽皮或棉籽皮与木屑混合料，生物效率可达80%左右。杏鲍菇属低温性品种，出菇温度为1318。该品种在国内外市场极为畅销，目前盐渍菇8000元/吨。如进行工厂化生产，周年供货，鲜菇价格在10000元/吨左右。草菇肉质肥嫩，味道鲜美，风味独特，深受消费者喜爱，但因受常规栽培方法和技术管理所限而发展速度较慢。如采用工厂化技术栽培，可使草茹产量大幅提高。因此，项目拟充分利用我区丰富的农付产品，建设“食用菌工厂化栽培示范项目”，进行规范化、规模化、工厂化周年生产食用菌。项目的建设对促进我区成为食用菌发达大省，把食用菌作为创汇农业、城市“菜篮子工程”、扶贫产业、农民发财致富的途径，对促进我区食用菌生产健康持续发展具有重在意义。三、初步可行性研究报告编制的依据和研究范围（一）可行性研究报告编制的依据1、投资项目可行性研究指南（试用版）；2、建设部和国家计委1993年颁布的建设项目经济评价方法和参数；3、国家对西部大开发的有关政策；4、建设单位提供的有关资料；（二）可行性研究的范围本项目主要进行项目的技术和经济可行性分析，项目研究内容主要包括：项目建设背景和必要性、市场预测分析、建设规模、场址选择、建设条件、技术方案、环境保护、投资估算、资金筹措、经济效益测算和评价等。 四、初步可行性研究结论及建议本项目经调查研究、分析后认为：1、本项目建设符合国家的产业政策方向，适合本地自然条件，有利于开发地方优质品种，通过工厂化、产业化生产，实现农业生产的高产和高效。2、经过测算，本项目总投资205.50万元，其中：固定资产投资192.20万元，流动资金投资13.30万元。建成投产后，年增加销售收入255万元，项目为农业生产项目，按国家规定免税征销售税金，年利润总额78.68万元，所得税前财务内部收益率为47.31%，财务净现值为363.95万元,投资回收期为3.12年；税后财务内部收益率为33.37%，财务净现值为218.91万元,投资回收期为3.89年，项目的财务效益很好，经济效益显著。综上所述，本项目在技术上可行，经济上比较合理，财务效益和国民经济效益均符合有关可行性报告编制要求，条件具备，项目可以兴建。建议各级主管部门尽快批准项目建设，落实建设资金，以便尽快组织实施。 第二章 市场分析及预测一、我国食用菌产销情况我国是食用菌生产大国，每年生产600多万吨各种食用菌，这极大地丰富了人民的物质生活。但品种主要集中蘑菇、香菇、木耳、平菇等全国各地普遍栽培的几种食用菌上，而且生产主要集中在秋、冬季节。现在逐渐增加了灵芝、竹荪、鸡腿菇、杏鲍菇、杨树菇、大球盖菇、阿魏菇等20多种，品种达30余种，但在高温的夏季，采用传统技术大部分食用菌还无法生产，栽培的品种更少。我国食用菌产品主要靠内销，食用菌历来作为高端食品出现在人们的餐桌上，通常只有逢年过节才有机会吃上。近年来，随着人们收入水平的迅速提高，消费能力迅速增强，但由于生产能力不足，价格仍居高不下。目前我国人均年占有量仅5公斤，不及发达国家的四分之一。通过工厂化生产，将有助于食用菌产量的迅速提高，人们购买新鲜食用菌更加便易，需求量和消费量也将明显增加。我国食用菌产品的出口主要是干菇、鲜菇和盐渍菇，其中以鲜菇出口效益最高，如山东久发集团的鲜双孢菇出口效益达几千万元。二、世界各国食用菌产销情况在全球范围内，食用菌的生产主要集中在亚洲和欧美。日本是亚洲的食用菌生产大国，1990年食用菌总产值（除双孢菇外）达2769亿日元。日本的食用菌栽培技术和设备先进，已实现生产的园艺化和机械化，部分产品实现了周年生产周年供应。在国际市场上，日本香菇由于质量上乘每吨卖价达2.8-3.2万美元，比我国香菇的每吨0.8-1.2万美元高出近2倍。韩国也是亚洲主要的食用菌生产国，利用稻草作为栽培原料年产平茹3万吨，蘑菇2万吨。韩国香茹在国际上也很有竞争力，是日本的主要竞争对手，年出口约450吨。在欧洲，法国是最大的食用菌生产国。双孢菇年产量20-22万吨（鲜），产量仅次于美国，居世界第二位，是德国和欧洲蘑菇的供应基地。法国还建有欧洲最大的蘑菇菌种生产中心，生产谷粒菌种，销售到各个国家。荷兰的蘑菇栽培技术非常先进，已经实现了机械采菇，蘑菇产量15万吨左右。荷兰还建有蘑菇堆肥中心，向国外出口蘑菇堆肥。英国是欧洲的主要蘑菇生产国，大小菇场约500个年产量12万吨左右，主要用于本国市场。德国的蘑菇产量约5万吨。不足部分主要从荷兰、法国和中国进口。三、杏鲍菇市场分析杏鲍菇是我国食用菌家族中的新秀，由于其质地脆嫩，具有一股淡淡的杏仁香味，适合保鲜、加工和烹调，深受消费者欢迎。 近年来，杏鲍菇栽培在我国发展速度较快，栽培数量每年成倍增长，栽培地区已从南方扩展到北方各省，栽培技术不断完善。 目前，我国杏鲍菇的市场主要有两个方面：国内市场：国内市场的消费量在逐年增加，以各大高档饭店鲜菇消费为主。由于杏鲍菇价格较高，要真正进入普通百姓家庭，还需要3-5年时间。日本市场：近两年来，日本杏鲍菇市场需求猛增，产品供不应求，这极大地刺激我国杏鲍菇生产和基地的形成。杏鲍菇出口日本主要有三个产品：a保鲜杏鲍菇出口：通过空运或保鲜香菇拼柜海运出口。b盐渍菇出口：将杏鲍菇加工成盐水菇出口日本。c清水菇罐头出口：将切片后的杏鲍菇加工成清水罐头出口日本。 预计今后几年内杏鲍菇的价格会有所下降，但下降幅度不会太大，产地收购价基本保持在6元/公斤（反季节及工厂化生产