大学课件综合英语4 ppt课件unit4 a view of

Unit 4 A View of Mountains Constitute Stitute=sist : stand Constitute-constitution-constitutional institution Keywords Analysis Apprehend prehend:hold/seize The alien was apprehended, then he apprehended, because he could not apprehend the police. Apprehend comprehend- reprehend Which cities have suffered from nuclear attack? US Aircraft Carrier Related Sections Nagasaki Photographs Documents: The Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Related Reading The Bells of Nagasaki by Takashi Nagai Related Sites The Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Museum Radiation Effects Research Foundation Distance from Ground Zero (km) Killed Injured Populatio n 0 - 1.0 88% 6% 30,900 1.0 - 2.5 34% 29% 27,700 2.5 - 5.0 11% 10% 115,200 Total 22% 12% 173,800 Tolls in the Nagasaki Attack How many countries possess nuclear weapons? Nuclear Arsenals America: around 9000 Russia: around 5000 France: around 300 China: around 210 Britain: around 200 Israel: 75-200 Pakistan: 24-48 India: 70 North Korea: 1-3 Iran Japan How serious is the nuclear threat to our world? Is there any international treaty restricting nuclear weapon development? Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) a treaty to limit the spread of nuclear weapons; There are currently 189 countries party to the treaty, five are the permanent members of the UN Security Council. Only four countries are not parties to the treaty: India, Israel, Pakistan and North Korea. NPT Acceptance Positives and Negatives of Nuclear Technology the Post-Disaster Chernobyl the Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster 1986-4-26-切尔诺贝利核电站事故 a nuclear reactor accident in in Ukraine, then part of the Soviet Union. It is considered to be the worst nuclear power plant disaster in history and the only level 7 instance It resulted in a severe release of radioactivity into the environment 10年内100公里范围内被禁止生产牛奶; 时至今日，当时参加救援工作的834万 人中，已有55万人丧生，上万人成为残 疾，30多万人受放射伤害死去。 Fukushima I Nuclear Accidents 福岛核电站事故 are a series of ongoing equipment failures and releases of radioactive materials at the Fukushima I Nuclear Power Plant following the 9.0 magnitude earthquake and tsunami on March 11 2011. experts consider it to be the second largest nuclear accident after the Chernobyl disaster, but more complex as all reactors are involved. How many Nuclear power stations does China have? 中国核电建设已有20年的历史，截至目前 中国共有核电站8座； 秦山；大亚湾；田湾；岭澳；阳江 20年来，中国核电发展虽然进展显著， 但距世界水平仍有很大的差距。 目前全球核电占电能的比重平均为17 ，而中国核发电量占总量却不到2%，远 远低于法国、美国85和30的水平。 长远来看，中国的核能发电潜力巨大。根 据规划，到2020年，中国核电装机比重 将从目前的1.6上升到4左右 Oil other Hydro-power coal Chinas Energy Mix Advantages of Nuclear Power 1.No fossil fuel pollutant emission; 2.Its raw material uranium is easy for transport; 3. Relatively abundant uranium reserve Mooooon! We Need You! 目前月球上已知矿物有100多种，其中有5种连 地球上都没有; 稀土元素、钾、磷和铀、钍等; 钛铁矿达到开发程度的资源量超过100万亿吨; 铀的资源量约为3.6亿吨。 “动力堆乏燃料后处理技术” 据央视新闻联播报道，经过24年的自主科技攻关，我国 科学家近日在核研究上取得了重大技术突破，实现了核 动力堆中燃烧后的核燃料铀和钚材料回收，使得铀利用 率将提升60倍 意味着在现有核电规模下，我国已经探明的铀资源从大 约只能使用50到70年变成了足够用上3000年。 核电站中经过燃烧更换下来的燃料组件中还有96%到97% 的铀没被使用过，乏燃料后处理就是要把这些铀提取出 来，再制作成全新的核燃料产品。 1. What is the function of the first paragraph? 2. Why were the bodies often branded with the patterns of their clothes? 3. “A view of mountains” means what has gone? Highlights: Para. 1 In paragraph 1 the writer describes what Yamahatas pictures display: the horrible effects of a nuclear weapon on human beings. the main point of his argument: the true measure lies not in the wreckage but in the gone city, and this is where the significance of a view of mountains in the background of one of the pictures lies. Ysuke Yamahata 山端 庸介 a Japanese photographer best known for extensively photographing Nagasaki the day after it was bombed. Yamahata became violently ill in 1965, diagnosed with terminal cancer probably caused by the residual effects of radiation constitute: compose; form. be Nitrogen constitutes 78% of the earths atmosphere. The committee is constituted of members of all three parties. Pakistan holds that the US operation does not constitute a precedent. In existence He is the heaviest person in existence. Cranes are needed to get him move. Methodical Arranged or proceeding in systematic way a methodical person He is quiet and slow and methodical. as it happens by chance As it happens, I know him. We had other matters on our minds at the time, as it happens. be branded with Be marked with brand: N. A trademark or distinctive name V. mark sth with a brand Imagery of the war has branded itself into the national consciousness His forehead was branded with an S. That is a brand car. That is a brand-new car. Twist sth (round sth) coil or wind sth/ round sth else, turn round; revolve bend or crush (sth) so as to spoil its natural shape = distort I twisted the bandage round her knee. The telephone wire has got twisted (tangled). We twisted the bed sheets into a rope and escaped by climbing down it She was still twisting around in pain a heap of something that once had been a human being. parts of human remains Ditch A long narrow trench or furrow dug in the ground, as for irrigation, drainage, or a boundary line To get rid of; discard: I ditched my car the other day. He was ditched. He was dumped. . their bodies are often branded with the patterns of their clothes their bodies are often marked with the patterns of their clothes， because their different colors absorb thermal pulse in different degrees. The energy released from a nuclear weapon detonated can be divided into 2 basic categories: Blast40-50% of total energy Thermal radiation30-50% of total energy Cart vehicle with two or four wheels used for carrying loads and usu pulled by a horse light vehicle with wheels that is pulled or pushed by hand put the cart before the horse reverse the logical order of things本 末倒置; 因果颠倒 Cognate object(同源宾语) a verbs object that is etymologically related to the verb. lead, live, die, sleep, dream, breathe, smile, laugh, fight, run, sing The peasants are living a happy life. I dreamed a terrible dream last night. He will die a violent death. He smiled a forced smile. He laughed a twisting laugh. He walked their walk and talked their talk. for good forever, forever and ever, for life, everlasting, once and for all which otherwise seems to have been left behind for good in the scenes we are witnessing. If there picture were not taken, the ordinary life would have been forgotten and disappeared with the ruined scenes. Rubble rbl waste or rough fragments of stone or brick etc. a road built on a foundation of rubble The buildings were reduced to a pile of rubble by bombing. ruble ru:bl rupee rupi dot N. small round mark V. mark (sth) with a dot V. place (things or people) here and there The sky was dotted with stars. She watched the train until it was only a dot in the distance. Those people dotted the night with Campfires, like red, flickering blossoms” dotted line on the dot exactly on time dot all the is and cross all the ts complete the final details of a task Paragraph 2 1. Why is the meaning of Yamahatas picture universal? 2. Why has Nagasaki always been in the shadow of Hiroshima? 3. Do you agree with the author when he says the bombing of Nagasaki is the fitter symbol of the nuclear peril? Why or why not? When were the pictures shown in NY? Where? Do you think the picture show a late arrival? It took a few weeks for Japan to atrociously kill over 300000 Nanjing civilians , but it takes an indefinitely long time for even a photo show to make the journey to Japan! The Nanjing Massacre During the 1937 Nanking Massacre, the Japanese committed a litany of atrocities against innocent civilians, including mass execution, raping, looting, and burning. From the scale and the nature of these crimes as documented by survivors and the diaries of the Japanese militarists, the chilling evidence of this historical tragedy is indisputable. Most experts agree that at least 300,000 Chinese died. Some estimate the numbers to be much higher - 340,000. Junichiro Koizumi pays homage to Yasukuni Shrine (靖国神社) right-wing militarists The Nanjing Massacre Memorial Fate the things, especially bad things, that will happen or have happened to sb/sth: I wanted to go to India in June, but fate decided otherwise. Destiny: what happens to sb or what will happen to them in the future, especially things that they cannot change or avoid Each man is the architect of his own destiny. Universal The rules do not apply universally. It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife. Flash sudden bright burst of light device or system that produces a brief bright light This camera has a built-in flash. Ill need flash for this shot; the light isnt good enough. In a flash / in a moment To move or proceed rapidly: Ill be back in a flash quick as a flash A flash in the pan sudden brilliant success that lasts only a short time and is not repeated 昙花一现 His first novel was a flash in the pan, and he hasnt written anything decent since. Flashlight= (BR.)torch Flashy attractive but usu not in good taste; showy Come into its own Get what one deserves. He finally comes into his own. Trading stock came into its own years ago. shadow The chair casts a shadow on the wall. The disaster casts a shadow on/over their life. The dog is his masters shadow. For years he lived in the shadow of his hot-tempered boss. have shadows round the eyes black eyes The Shadow Cabinet denoting leading members of the Opposition party who would probably be Cabinet ministers if their party became the Government, and who act as spokesmen on matters for which they would then be responsible 影子内阁的（指在野党若组阁, 有望成为内阁各 大臣的人对各自应负责的事务发表言论方面） Nagasaki has always been in the shadow of Hiroshima, as if the human imagination had stumbled to exhaustion in the wreckage of the first ruined city without reaching even the outskirts of the second. Why has Nagasaki always been in the shadow of Hiroshima? Because Hiroshima was the city on which the first atomic bomb was dropped and it has drawn almost all the attention of the world. By contrast, Nagasaki has nearly been forgotten as an atomically devastated city. 长长崎一直笼笼罩在广岛岛的阴霾下，仿佛人们们的想象力 已经经在第一座被炸城市的残骸中完全枯竭，甚至连连 第二座灾难难城市的市郊都顾顾及不到(很少有人去想 长长崎遭受的灾难难)。 stumble 1) walk or go unsteadily Having drunk half a bottle of whiskey, I stumbled upstairs and into bed. 2) strike the foot against and almost fall In the dark, he stumbled, missed his step, and fell. stumble across/upon: come across; happen to find If you stumble across the book, keep it for me. stumbling-block = Stepping-stone / Springboard hang over menace; overshadow The threat of nuclear war hangs over mankind. With the court case hanging over us, we couldnt enjoy our vacation. spare: refrain from harming, punishing or killing It will spare him embarrassment if you speak to him about it in private. Dont spare the salt/life /money Spare the rod and spoil the child. Spare us the suspense and tell us who won the first prize! Give me a break. Not so much . As He is not so much an student as a game player. Not so much as He did not so much as lend me one yuan. Much less, let alone Each picture therefore seemed not so much an image of something that happened a half-century ago as a window cut into the wall of the photography center showing what soon could easily happen to New York. each picture seemed to predict the possible future of New York rather than the simple story happened 50 years ago. 因此，每张张照片看起来与其说说是发发生在半个世纪纪前的影像，倒不 如说说更像是嵌在摄摄影馆墙馆墙 上的一扇窗，预预示它们们可能不久就会轻轻 而易举举地降临临在纽约纽约 身上。 1) entire, unimpaired intact Despite the bombing, the house was still intact. He dealt the door a tremendous blow but it remained intact. LXR returned the jade intact. He lived on the interest and kept his capital intact. 2) untouched although every intact city is different from every other, all cities that suffer nuclear destruction will look much the same. every country is unique when it is complete, but all the cities look much the same when they suffer from atomic attack. 虽虽然每个国家在安然无恙时时都显显得与众不同，可一 旦当它们们遭受核武器破坏后，看起来却那么相似。 Whats your comment on “all cities look much the same”? Nuclear destruction Uniform destruction What is the other picture needed? Why? What should we do in addition to apprehending the nuclear peril? What do we need to meet the more important challenge of eliminating nuclear weaponry? Highlights: Para. 3 Peril serious danger The bicycle has no brakes, you ride it at your peril. Danger-peril-risk Perilous I never felt that my life was in peril. at ones peril: at ones own risk in peril of: at the risk of Dispel drive (sth) away; cause to not confusing dispel sbs doubts/fears/worries The company is trying to dispel rumours about a take-over. Expel force sb to leave (esp a country, school or club) Following reports of drug-taking at a boarding-school, several senior boys have been expelled. Once and for all Completely Lets settle it once and for all. Counterpoise state of being in balance; equilibrium The two nations nuclear forces are in perfect counterpoise, scatter: send in different directions disperse: drive away or separate a group in a wider or more thorough way than scatter dissipate: drive away something to the point of disappearing dispel: send away something dark or confusing scatter, disperse, dissipate guarantee Assure tell (sb) positively Insure To cover with insurance. They tried to_ him of their willingness to work. Our precautions _ our safety _ oneself/ones life for 50000 _ ones house against fire He assures us that the insurance ensures our financial safety. Through an act of faith and collective will Through our firm belief and joint action we ensure their right to exist: we guarantee a safe living environment for them. The gift of time is the gift of life, forever, if we know how to receive it. If we can learn from past events, then we would get a forever precious gift of life. On April 12-13, 2010, President Obama hosted a Nuclear Security Summit in Washington, DC, to enha