牛津译林版英语高三module 9《unit1 other countries, other cultures》word学案(10)

2008-2009高三英语教案主备人执教人授课日期班级总课题M9U1总课时10分课时 10课型新授课题Unit 1 words and expressions 2教学目标Encourage the Ss to raise reading ability by focusing on language points. 教学重点defend, freeze, abundant, locate, for short, colonize教学难点Grasp the new language points教具Blackboard and handouts 教学内容教法学法1. The vast majority of Canadas population of about 30 million people is urban. (P2L15)Majority用法 1) 多数人，大部分人（多与the连用）The majority of doctors believe that smoking is harmful to health.The great majority of the women who work in Packing town suffer in the same way.The majority 大多数，过半数The majority is(或are) against the plan. 大多数人都反对这个计划。注：当the majority 强调整体时用单数动词，若强调的是团体中的每一个分子，动词用复数）2）（投票时的）多数（可加不定冠词）At the next elections they might win an actual majority.The party I support has won by a majority of 264 votes.Be in the majority 占多数2.Toronto, the largest city in Canada, is often said to be the most multicultural city in the world. (P2 L19)= It is said that Toronto, the largest city in Canada, is the most multicultural city in the worldThe mall is said to be the largest pedestrian mall in the world. (P3 L39)= It is said that the mall is the largest pedestrian mall in the world.be said to be 据说是 . Its said that all the passengers are from the same village.= All the passengers are said to be from the same village. It was said that his novel had been translated into several foreign languages.= His novel was said to have been translated into several foreign languages.类似句型：It is reported that It seems that巩固练习：. 据报道120人在这起空难中丧生。 It was said that 120 people had been killed in the air crash. 下午好像有个会议。 It seems that there will be a meeting this afternoon.链接高考：据说他在国外学习过，但我不知道他在哪个国家学习的。（用主语从句及简单句）It is said that he has studied abroad, but I dont know which country he studied in.= He is said to have studied abroad3. Located in the heart of Toronto is the Canadian National Tower, which is often called the CN Tower for short. (P2L21)Smaller in size, but equally famous, is the city of Vancouver in the province British Columbia on the Pacific coast.(P3L33)Nearer to the Atlantic coast is Niagara Fall . (P3L43)作表语的现在分词(过去分词、形容词) 放在句首，须完全倒装。1. Gone are the days when the women were looked down upon. 妇女被看不起的日子一去不复返了。2. Sitting at the back of the room was a shy girl with two big eyes.坐在房间后面的是一个长着一双大眼睛的羞涩女孩。3. Present at the meeting was Mr. Liu, who taught us English.刘老师出席了会议，他教我们英语。4. Written on the blackboard are the names of those who were late yesterday.黑板上写着昨天迟到的那些人的名字。4. French-speaking country in the world, Paris being the largest. (P2 L25)独立主格结构，又叫独立结构（absolute construction）。它在句法上游离于句子主体之外，跟主句没有任何句法联系；但在意义上却与主句紧密联系在一起，共同构成一个完整的语义环境。独立主格结构没有主语和谓语，只有逻辑上的主语，因此，它在句法上不是句子，而是一个独立于句子成分之外的独特结构形式。 独立主格结构可置于句首、句尾，用逗号与主句隔开。 二、独立主格结构的形式 独立主格结构可分为两部分，一部分是名词或代词（主格），起着逻辑主语的作用；另一部分由形容词、副词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等构成，表示前面名词或代词的状态、状况或动作。 1）名词代词形容词 I heard that she got injured in the accident, my heart full of worry我听说她在这场事故中受了伤，内心充满担忧。 He stood silent in the moon-light, his door open月光下，门开着，他默默地站立在那。 2）名词代词现在分词 Winter coming, it gets colder and colder冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。 The rain having stopped, he went out for a walk雨停了，他出去散步。 3）名词代词过去分词 More time given, we should have done it much better如果给我们更多的时间，我们会做得更好。 The boy stood there, his right hand raised那个男生站在那里，右手高举。 4）名词代词（主格）不定式 Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next month这是前两卷,第三卷将于下月问世。 The two boys said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to his friends两个男孩彼此道了别，一个回了家，另一个去了他朋友家。 5）名词代词十介词短语 The huntsman entered the forest, gun in hand那位猎人手里提着枪走进了树林。 注意：这里gun in hand还可以说成with a gun in his hand，但不可以说a gun in hand或gun in his hand。 6）名词代词十副词 Nobody in, the thief took a lot of things away由于没有人，小偷拿走了许多东西。 Lunch over, he left the houseBut he was thinking午饭结束，他离开屋。但他还在考虑。 7）名词代词名词 He fought the wolf, a stick his only weapon他和狼搏斗着，唯一的武器是一根棍棒。 8）with复合结构 它的构成是：“with 宾语 宾语补足语”。宾语由代词、名词、名词词组充当，宾补由分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语、名词等充当。 Holms and Watson sat with the light on for half an hour福尔摩斯和沃森坐着，让灯亮了半个小时。（介词短语） He used to sleep with the door open他过去常开着门睡觉。（形容词） With a boy leading the way, they started towards the village由一个小男孩领着路，他们朝那个村子去了。（现在分词） With the work done, he went home工作做完后，他回了家。（过去分词） With you to help us, we will finish the task in time由你来帮助，我们将会及时完成任务。（不定式） Hong Kong looks more beautiful with thou-sands of lights on at night夜里，香港万盏灯火，分外美丽。（副词） 从以上例句可以看出：在with复合结构中，宾语和宾补之间形成逻辑上的主谓关系。当这种主谓关系表现为主动语态时，用现在分词；当这种主谓关系表现为被动语态时，用过去分词；当这种主谓关系表示将来意义时，用不定式；当这种主谓关系表示伴随意义时，用现在分词或副词。 三、独立主格结构的功能 独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，其作用相当于一个状语从句，常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。 1）表示时间 Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。 2）表示条件 The condition being favourable, he may succeed若条件有利，他或许能成功。 3）表示原因 There being no taxis, we had to walk没有出租车，我们只好步行。 4）表示伴随情况 Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all几乎所有的金属都是良导体，而银则是最好的导体。 四、形式选择中应该注意的问题 1）现在分词还是过去分词？ 在独立主格结构中，主格词与分词形成逻辑主谓关系时，用现在分词。如：Winter coming it gets colder and colder一句中，“春天”和“到来”是逻辑主谓关系，用现在分词；主格词与分词形成逻辑动宾关系时，用过去分词。如：More money given，we should have sent more employees to the mother company to get trained一句中，“money”和“give”是动宾关系（被动关系），用过去分词。 在独立主格结构中，如果强调分词的时间发生在主句动词时间之前，常用现在分词 完成时态表示。如：The snow having stopped，she went out to sweep the snow in the yard 现在分词与过去分词的性质完全不同，但在独立结构中，有时却有共同之处：现在分词的被动式有时可以简化为过去分词。例如： As her skirt was caught on a nail, she could not move Her skirt being caught on a nail, she could not move Her skirt caught on a nail, she could not move After his work had been finished, he went home His work having been finished, he went home His work finished, he went home 2）分词结构还是独立结构？ 上面的例子告诉我们，独立结构常常可以看作是由主从复合句中的从句变来的。但是，如果从句和主句的主语相同，则不可改为独立结构。例如： Since he was very tired with his walk，he soon fell asleep and forgot his troubles 不可改为：He being very tired with his walk，he但可改为：Being very tired with his walk he 比较：判断动名词复合结构的方式 主语位置上，或动词、介词后的名词代词 + 非谓语动词，如果表示的是一个事件则是动名词复合结构，而不是名词 + 定语。请看以下各例： (B)1. He insisted on the windows _ open while he was sleeping. A. left B. being left C. leaving D. be left (D)2. The road _ caused us to stop our work for half an hour. A. blocked B. was blocked C. blocking D. being blocked (C)3. The concerned mother thrilled at the news of his son _ to college. A. had been admitted B. admitted C. having been admitted D. having admitted 5.Quebec, which was originally colonized by France, was lost to the British in 1763.(P2 L 26) Be lost in 1) 消失在中 The ship was lost in the hurricane.（消失在风暴中） 2) 陷入（沉思等）；被所吸引For some time he seemed lost in thought.My companion sat silent now for some time, _lost_ in thought 3) 在中迷路，迷失在We were lost in the forest （在森林里迷路了） Be lost to 失去，没有 The opportunity was lost to him.（他没有机会了）C. 1 _ to the British, Quebec was originally colonized by France.A Being lost B To lose C Lost D Losing C. 2 _ himself in thought, he didnt notice what happened around him. A Being lost B Lost C Losing D Having lostC 3. After hours walk in the forest, finally we found ourselves _ our way. A. lost B losing C lose D to lost6. Because of this, Montreal has a wonderful mix of Old World(P2 L27) because of = owing to = on account of =due to =as a result of 由于的原因，因为 1)He was unable to go to work _ the fall from his horse. 2)_ my work and so on, I dont get up much to the club. 3)He was not allowed to take the senior course _ his youth.7. Vancouver has superb scenery, a beautiful harbour , and .and international cuisine , in addition to being close the popular wilderness and ski areas. In addition to 除之外(还有)=besidesEg. In addition to English , he has to study a second foreign language. We saw a Mickey Mouse cartoon in addition to the cowboy movie.In addition 另外,此外(还)Eg. I paid 100 yuan in addition. In addition , there was a crop failure in many provinces.Cf: apart from(1) =besides Apart from the cost , it will take a lot of time.The children hardly see anyone , apart from their parents. (2)=except for Apart from that , all goes well. Good work, apart from a few faults.Other than =but, except There is nobody here other than me. You cant go there other than by swimming. Is anyone other than yourself coming?8. It is like an underground city, covering an area of more than 20 football pitches.Cover v. 覆盖，铺(反:expose); 掩盖，掩饰，藏匿; 占据（时间，空间）; 包括，涉及; 走过（路程）; 看过页书; 够付(开支等), 弥补(损失);对.进行新闻采访,报道 Eg. 1. Cover his eyes with a hand 2. The ground was covered with snow. 3. Lies cannot cover facts./ cover a mistake / cover ones tracks 销声匿迹 4. Cover an area of 5. His researches covered a wide field. 6. The report covered all aspects of the problem. 7.I didnt cover as much ground as I had wanted. 8.Cover 20 pages a day 9.Cover the expenses 10.I want our best reporters sent to cover the 2008 Olympics. n. 盖子,封面选择题: - How about the book you are reading ? - Good indeed. It _ many problems we have come across in our study. A. says B. talks C. covers D. refers9. Still, Australia is considered to be a great sporting nation. 尽管如此，澳大利亚仍被视为体育大国。(P14, Line 14)Considering Australias relatively small population, its outstanding performance in the Olympic Games was very amazing. 考虑到澳大利亚人口相对较少，它在奥运会上的出色表现着实令人惊讶。(P15, Line 51-52)Consider v. 1. 考虑，常用结构：consider doing,consider + 从句 consider+疑问词+to do2. 认为，常用结构：consider that, consider sb. / sth. to be, consider sb. / sth. as3. Considering prep. 考虑到4. Consideration n.考虑，常用短语：take sth. into consideration 把考虑在内翻译: 他正在考虑换工作.He is considering changing his job. 他们没有考虑他们能不能买的起这栋房子。They do not consider whether they can afford the house or not. 你有没有考虑怎么去那儿?Have you considered how to get there? 我们认为不该责怪你.We consider that you are not to blame. 他被认为是一个优秀的领导. He is considered to be / as an excellent leader. 考虑到天气，这场足球赛还是很不错的。Considering the weather, the football game was quite good.10. The sport that most of the world calls football is known as soccer in Australia, to distinguish it from footy, which is short for Australian rules football.(P14Line2830)distinguish (v.) 区分，区别；使与众不同eg. The girl is color-blind; she cant distinguish between colors. 这女孩是色盲，她不能辨别颜色。 Jay Chou distinguishes himself by his unique singing style. 周杰伦因其独特的演唱风格而引人注目。拓展：distinguishable (adj.) 可辨认的；可区别的 distinguished (adj.) 著名的；非凡的小试 用distinguish的适当形式填空:You should be able to distinguish between right and wrong.He is distinguished for his knowledge of economics.A black object is not easily distinguishable at night.归纳 distinguish between A and B 分辨A和B distinguish A from B 区分A 与B be distinguished by / for 以著名的 distinguish into 把分类 distinguish oneself 使杰出，使显出特色用法相似的短语 tell the difference between A and B 说出A与B 之间的不同 tell A from B 把A与B 区分开来 tell A and B apart 把A 与B 分开 differ A from B 使A 不同于B11.While a high percentage of Australians may be people who watch sports rather than do them, as far as most of its population is concerned, it is indeed a great sporting nation.(P15Line55-57)句中while 表示让步，通常置于句首，意思是“尽管，虽然”While I agree with your reasons, I cant allow it.尽管我同意你的理由，但我不允许你这样做。while 的其他用法：引导时间状语从句， 意思是“当的时候，和同时”，从句中的谓语通常是延续性动词。eg. While she was listening to the radio, she fall asleep. 她听着收音机睡着了。表示对比或转折， 意思是“而，然而”, while 一般位于句中。eg. Some people waste food while others havent enough. 有人浪费粮食，有人却吃不饱。引导条件状语从句，意思是“只要”Eg. There will be life while there is water and air. 只要有水和空气，就会有生命。翻译：(1) 虽然他爱他的学生，但是他对学生很严格。While he loves his students, he is very strict with them.(2) 玛丽边吃饭边看电视。Mary watched TV while she ate her supper.(3) May 英语学得好，而她的哥哥数学好。Mary i