汽车底盘构造与维修形考作业(一).doc

here and there: they had just discovered that a prisoner had escaped. at that moment, a large black car with four officers inside it, stopped at the camp gates. the officers got out and the prisoner stood to attention and saluted as they passed. when they had gone, the driver of the car came towards him. the man obviously wanted to talk. he was rather elderly with grey hair and clear blue eyes. the prisoner felt sorry for him, but there was nothing else he could do. as the man came near, the prisoner knocked him to the ground with a sharp blow. then, jumping into the car, he drove off as quickly as he could. ？fishermen and sailors sometimes claim to have seen monsters in the sea. though people have often laughed at stories told by seamen, it is now known that many of these monsters which have at times been sighted are simply strange fish. occasionally, unusual creatures are washed to the shore, but they are rarely caught out at sea. some time ago, however, a peculiar fish was caught near madagascar. a small fishing-boat was carried miles out to sea by the powerful fish as it pulled on the line. realizing that this was no ordinary fish, the fisherman made every effort not to damage it in any way. when it was eventually brought to shore, it was found to be over thirteen feet long. it had a head like a horse, big blue eyes, shining silver skin, and a bright red tail, the fish, which has since been sent to a museum where it is being examined by a scientist, is called an oarfish. such creatures have rarely been seen alive by man as they live at a depth of six hundred feet.lesson83 after the elections 大选之后the former prime minister, wentworth lane, was defeated in the recent elections. he is now retiring from political life and has gone abroad. my friend, crawley, has always been a fanatical opponent of lanes radical progressive party. after the elections, crawley went to the former prime ministers house. when he asked if lane lived there, the policeman on duty told him that since his defeat, the ex-prime minister had gone abroad. on the following day, crawley went to the house again. the same policeman was just walking slowly past the entrance, when crawley asked the same question. though a little suspicious this time, the policeman gave him the same answer. the day after, crawley went to the house once more and asked exactly the same question. this time, the policeman lost his temper. i told you yesterday and the day before yesterday, he shouted, lane was defeated in the elections. he has retired from political life and gone to live i know, answered crawley, but i love to hear you say it lesson84 on strike 罢工busmen have decided to go on strike next week. the strike is due to begin on tuesday. no one knows how long it will last. the busmen have stated that the strike will continue until general agreement is reached about pay and working conditions. most people believe that the strike will last for at least a week. many owners of private cars are going to offer free rides to people on their way to work. this will relieve pressure on the trains to some extent. meanwhile, a number of university students have volunteered to drive buses while the strike lasts. all the young men are expert drivers, but before they drive any of the buses, they will have to pass a special test. the students are going to take the test in two days time. even so, people are going to find it difficult to get to work. but so far, the public has expressed its gratitude to the students in letters to the press. only one or two people have objected that the students will drive too fast!lesson85 never too old to learn 活到老学到老i have just received a letter from my old school informing me that my former head- master, page, will be retiring next week. pupils of the school, old and new, will be sending him a present to mark the occasion. all those who have contributed towards the gift will sign their names in a large album which will be sent to the headmasters home. we shall all remember page for his patience and understanding and for the kindly encouragement he gave us when we went so unwillingly to school. a great many former pupils will be attending a farewell dinner in his next thursday. it is a curious coincidence that the day before his retirement, page will have been teaching for a total of forty years. after he has retired, he will devote himself to gardening. for him, this will be an entirely new hobby. but this does not matter, for, as he has often remarked, one is never too old to learn. lesson86 out of control 失控as the man tried to swing the speed-boat round, the steering-wheel came away in his hands. he waved desperately to his companion, who had been water-skiing for the last fifteen minutes. both men had hardly had time to realize what was happening when they were thrown violent1y into the sea. the speed-boat had struck a buoy, but it continued to move very quickly across the water. both men had just begun to swim towards the shore. they noticed with dismay that the speed-boat was moving in a circle. it now came straight towards them at tremendous speed. in less than a minute, it roared past them only a few feet away. after it had passed, they swam on as quickly as they could because they knew that the boat would soon return. they had just had enough time to swim out of danger when the boat again completed a circle. on this occasion, however, it had slowed down considerably. before long, the noise dropped completely and the boat began to drift gently across the water.lesson87 a perfect alibi 极好的不在犯罪现场的证据at the time the murder was committed, i was travelling on the 8.0 oclock train to london, said the man.do you always catch such an early train asked the inspector.of course i do, answered the man. i must be at work at 10.0 oclock. my employer will confirm that i was there on time. would a later train get you to work on time? asked the inspector.i suppose it would, but i never catch a later train.at what time did you arrive at the station? eight. i bought a paper and waited for the train.and you didnt notice anything unusual. i suggest, said the inspector, that you are not telling the truth. i suggest that you did not catch the 8.0 oclock train, but that you caught the 8.25 which would still get you to work on time. you see, on the morning of the murder, the 8.0 oclock train did not run at all. it broke down at station and was taken off the line.lesson88 trapped in a mine 困在矿井里six men have been trapped in a mine for seventeen hours. if they are not brought to the surface soon they may lose their lives. however, rescue operations are proving difficult. if explosives are used, vibrations will cause the roof of the mine to collapse. rescue workers are therefore drilling a hole on the north side of the mine. they intend to bring the men up in a special capsule. if there had not been a hard layer of rock beneath the soil, they would have completed the job in a few hours. as it is, they have been drilling for sixteen hours and they still have a long way to go. meanwhile, a microphone, which was lowered into the mine two hours ago, has enabled the men to keep in touch with the closest relatives. though they are running out of food and drink, the men are cheerful and confident that they will get out soon. they have been told that rescue operations are progressing smoothly. if they knew how difficult it was to drill through the hard rock, they would lose heart. lesson89 a slip of the tongue 口误people will do anything to see a free show-even if it is a bad one. when the news got round that a variety show would be presented at our local cinema by the p. and u. bird seed company, we all rushed to see it. we had to queue for hours to get in and there must have been several hundred people present just before the show began. unfortunately, the show was one of the dullest we have ever seen. those who failed to get in need not have felt disappointed as many of the artistes who should have appeared did not come. the only funny things we heard that evening came from the advertiser at the beginning of the. he was obviously very nervous and for some minutes stood awkwardly before the microphone. as soon as he opened his mouth, everyone burst out laughing. we all know what the poor man should have said, but what he actually said was: this is seed bird company. good ladies, evening and gentlemen!lesson90 for supper ？ 晚餐吃什么？though brazil is one of the richest countries in the world, much of it has not yet been developed. it was mainly for this reason that the brazilian government decided to have a new city built 600 miles north-west of rio de janeiro. designed by the great architect costa, the new city, brasilia, replaced rio de janeiro as the capital of in 1960. brasilia has been carefully planned for modern living. its wide roads, which can take fourteen lanes of traffic, have been keptaway from living areas. children do not have to cross busy streets to go to school. housewives can visit-shopping on foot, for in these specially designed living areas, cars are unnecessary. at first, the government had great difficulty in persuading people to leave rio and to settle in brasilia. since 1960, however, the population has been growing all the time. brasilia has quickly established itself as the capital of the country. the idea to have the capital moved so far inland will have a great effect on the future of brazil.lesson91 three men in a basket 三人同篮a pilot noticed a balloon which seemed to be making for a royal air force station nearby. he informed the station at once, but no one there was able to explain the mystery. the officer in the control tower was very angry when he heard the news, because balloons can be a great danger to aircraft. he said that someone might by spying on the station and the pilot was ordered to keep track of the strange object. the pilot managed to circle the balloon for some time. he could make out three men in a basket under it and one of them was holding field-glasses. when the balloon was over the station, the pilot saw one of the men taking photographs. soon afterwards, the balloon began to descend and it landed near an airfield. the police were called in, but they could not arrest anyone, for the basket contained two members of parliament and the commanding officer of the station! as the commanding officer explained later, one half of the station did not know what the other half was! lesson92 asking for trouble 自找麻烦it must have been about two in the morning when i returned home. i tried to wake up my wife by ringing the door-bell, but she was fast asleep, so i got a ladder from the shed in the garden, put it against the wall, and began climbing towards the bedroom window. i was almost there when a sarcastic voice below said, i dont think the windows need cleaning at this time of the night.i looked down and nearly fell off the ladder when i saw a policeman. i immediately regretted answering in the way i did, but i said, i enjoy cleaning windows at night.so do i, answered the policeman in the same tone. excuse me interrupting you. i hate to interrupt a man when hes busy working, but would you mind coming with me to the well, id prefer to stay here, i said. you see, ive forgotten my key. he called.my key, i shouted. fortunately, the shouting woke up my wife who opened the window just as the policeman had started to climb towards me.lesson93 a noble gift 崇高的礼物one of the most famous monuments in the world, the statue of liberty, was presented to the united states of america in the nineteenth century by the people of france. the great statue, which was designed by the sculptor august bartholdi, took ten years to complete. the汽车底盘构造与维修形成性考核册学校名称： 学生姓名： 学生学号： 班 级： 安徽广播电视大学开放教育学院汽车底盘构造与维修形成性考核作业一（第1章和第2章离合器、手动变速器部分）一、判断题（对打“”，错打“” ）1离合器踏板自由行程的调整有人工调整和自动调整两种方法（ ）2液压操纵式离合器踏板自由行程调整的方法是拧动分离拉杆上的球形调整螺母，改变分离拉杆长度来实现。（ ）3重型汽车多采用斜置弹簧或中央弹簧离合器。（ ）4手动变速器各档位的传动比等于该档位所有从动齿轮齿数的乘积与所有主动齿轮齿数的乘积之比。（ ）5手动变速器中间轴齿轮的旋转方向，在汽车前进时与倒退时是相反的。（ ）6三轴式齿轮手动变速器的第二档是通过两对齿轮啮合传动的。（ ）7三轴式齿轮手动变速器的倒档是通过3对齿轮啮合传动的。（ ）8手动变速器自锁装置的作用是防止手动变速器同时挂进两个档。（ ）9自锁装置的弹簧，当弹力减弱时容易造成手动变速器跳档。（ ）10手动变速器互锁装置的作用是防止手动变速器同时挂进两个档。（ ）11目前，分动器的变速机构有固定轴式普通齿轮变速机构和行星齿轮变速机构两种类型，均被广泛用于四轮驱动车辆上。（ ）12分动器的操纵机构必须保证：在未接上前桥时不得挂入低速档；必须先退出低速档，才能摘下前桥。（ ）13当同步器内弹簧圈弹力减弱，将造成换档困难。（ ）14变速器的工作原理是通过适当的齿轮副升高转速换得扭矩的增加，以适应行驶阻力增大的需要。（ ）15离合器装到发动机飞轮上时，一般是单摩擦片离合器花键毂短的一面朝向飞轮。（ ）16离合器压盘平面磨损或沟槽深度超过1mm时应光磨，光磨后压盘总厚度不应超过规定标准。（ ）17摩擦式离合器打滑的现象之一是：当汽车负载上坡时，打滑较明显，严重时会从离合器内散发出焦臭味。（ ）18离合器踏板自由行程太小是摩擦式离合器分离不清的原因之一。（ ）19离合器中与变速器第一轴相连的从动片转动惯量尽可能大。（ ）20离合器从动盘表面表面磨损，若铆钉头部距磨擦片表面深度小于0.5mm时，应更换新片。（ ）二、填空题1汽车主要由 发动机 、 底盘 、 电气设备 和 车身 四大总成组成。2 汽车底盘由 传动泵 、行驶系、转向泵和 制动系 四大系统组成。3汽车在平路上行驶其行驶阻力有 滚动阻力 、 空气阻力 、 加速阻力 。4离合器的功用是平稳起步 、 便于换挡 、 防传动系过载 。5按从动盘的数目不同，离合器分为 单片离合器、 双片离合器 、 和 多片式离合器 。6离合器压盘的传动、导向和定心方式一般有 窗孔凸块式 、 传力片式 传力销式 和 定位块式 。7离合器常见故障有 离合器打滑、 分离不彻底 、 结合不平顺、 和 异响 。 8膜片弹簧离合器压盘总成主要由 离合器盖 、 压盘 、 膜片弹簧 和 支承换钢丝 等主要零件所组成。9摩擦式离合器由 主动部分、 从动部分 、 压紧部分 、 分离部分 和 操纵部分 等五个部分组成。10离合器操纵机构是驾驶员借以使离合器 分离 ，而后又使之 结合 的一套机构。它起始于 离合器开始分离 ，终止于离合器壳内的 压盘与飞轮压紧 。11解放、东风等中型货车多采用 拉杆 式离合器操纵机构；而夏利等一般轿车和轻型汽车则多使用 绳索 式离合器操纵机构；在高级小轿车和重型汽车上，为减轻驾驶员的劳动强度一般多采用液压助力式离合器操纵机构。12变速器的换档方式主要有 滑动齿轮式 、 结合套和 同步器 等三种。13齿轮在轴线方向磨损成锥形，将会造成变速器出现 自动脱挡 的故障现象。14如果同步器锁环的内锥面螺旋槽磨损严重，将使同步器内锥面和齿轮外锥面间隙变小，就会造成变速器出现 换挡困难 的故障。15变速器常见的故障有 自动脱挡 、 乱挡 、挂挡困难 、变速器异响 和 漏油 。16离合器分离间隙过小会导致离合器打滑，其值过大会导致离合器分离不彻底 。三、单选题1越野汽车与其它类型汽车相比，传动系增设了( d )a离合器 b变速器 c主减速器 d分动器2扭转减振器的作用是( a )a消除扭转振动 b增大离合器传递的转矩 c防止打滑 d使压紧力分布均匀3双片离合器与单片离合器相比，其传递的转矩增大了( d )a4倍 b3倍 c2倍 d1倍4汽车行驶时，如驱动力和行驶阻力相等，汽车处于( b )状态。a加速行驶b等速行驶c减速行驶 d急速行驶5发动机前置前驱动布置方案的缺点是在下坡行驶时，由于重量前移，使前轮(d)，易发生翻车，故主要用于小轿车。a负荷减轻b负荷不变c负荷稳定d负荷过重6当双片式离合器总成安装在飞轮上或使用中发现离合器有拖滞时，应调整（c）。a分离杠杆螺钉 b压紧弹簧 c限位调整螺钉 d传动销7桑塔纳轿车膜片式离合器的自由行程是（ b ）。a20-30mm b15-20mm c25-35mm d10-20mm8从离合器装配开始到离合器分离,其压紧弹簧有( b )压缩。a四次 b三次 c两次d一次9双片离合器中压盘限位螺钉进行调整，其调整是在(a)。a离合器完全分离情况下进行调整 b离合器完全接触情况下进行调整 c在离合器完全接触或分离情况下进行调整 d离合器串联动时调整10现在轿车都采用操纵更轻便.压紧力更均匀.构造更简单的（ b ）a双片式离合器 b膜片式弹簧离合器 c螺旋弹簧离合器 d电磁离合器11捷达轿车离合器绳索式操纵机构中的弹簧助力装置在（ c ）时，起到助力作用。a未踩下离合器踏板 b刚踩下离合器踏板 c踏板将要踩到底 d与踏板位置无关12随着汽车行驶里程的增加，离合器踏板自由行程会（ b ）a变大 b变小 c不变 d一会变大，一会变小13离合器分离轴承与分离杠杆之间的间隙是为了（ d ）a实现离合器踏板的自由行程 b减轻从动盘磨损c防止热膨胀失效 d保证摩擦片正常磨损后离合器不失效 14离合器从动盘在使用过程中，其运动是（ a ）。a既有转动又有轴向平动 b只有平动 c只有转动 d匀速运动 15一对啮合齿轮的传动比是其从动齿轮与主动齿轮的（ a ）之比。a齿数 b转速 c角速度 d圆周速度16三轴式手动变速器的4档（直接档）是通过（ a ）对啮合齿轮传递动力的。a0 b1 c2 d317手动变速器的润滑方式一般都采用（ b ）a压力式 b飞溅式 c预注式 d压力飞溅复合式18（ b ）惯性同步器主要用于轿车和轻型货车的手动变速器中。a滑块式 b锁环式 c锥块式 d锁销式19当变速杆定位销松旷时，易造成手动变速器（ a ）故障。a乱档 b跳档 c挂档困难 d振动大20乱档的主要原因是手动变速器（ a ）造成。a操纵机构失效 b齿轮传动机构失效 c离合器分离不彻底 d离合器打滑21汽车档位越低，（ b ）。获得转矩越大。a速比越小，驱动轴的转速越低 b速比越大，驱动轴的转速越低c速比越大，驱动轴的转速越高 d速比越小，驱动轴的转速越高22手动变速器采用移动齿轮或接合套换档时，待啮合的一对齿轮的（ b ）必须相等，方能平顺地挂上档。a角速度 b圆周速度 c转速 d齿速23造成汽车手动变速器换档困难的主要原因是（ d ）a手动变速器操纵杆自锁弹簧折断 b手动变速器齿轮磨损严重c离合器踏板自由行程过小 d离合器分离不彻底24离合器分离不彻底会出现哪些不正常现象？（ b ）a脱档 b挂档困难 c跳档 d乱档25下列哪个齿轮传动比i=：表示直接档传动?( b )a215：1 b1：1 c0. 85：1 d以上都不表示26变速器工作时的“咔嗒”噪声可能是( d )。a输入轴磨损 b同步器故障 c油封失效 d齿轮磨损、折断.齿面剥落27换档操纵机构调整不当可能造成( d )故障。a齿轮撞击 b换档困难 c跳档 d以上各项28前进档和倒档有噪声，而空档没有。故障可能是( a )。a输出轴损坏 b输入轴轴承损坏 ca和b d以上都不是29辆载重货车总重量为8000千克，路面的纵向坡度为30其上坡阻力为(a)。a4000牛b39200牛c5000牛d40000牛30变速器修竣后的磨合试验是为了( b )。a保证齿轮有一定的啮合侧隙b改善运动配合副表面的工作情况，检验变速器修理装配质量问题c改善变速器的啮合长度，保证达到全齿长啮合d改善变速器各齿轮轴的平行度 四、问答题1什么是离合器的分离间隙及踏板自由行程?试述其检调过程。 答：离合器再结合状态下，分离杠杆內断与分离轴承之间的间隙消除分离杠杆与分离轴承之间的间隙，离合器踏板所移动的行程、先测量踏板在放松状态下的高度，再测量压下踏板感觉少有阻力时的高度，二者之差即为踏板自由行程。2膜片弹簧离合器有何优点? 答：1）膜片弹簧本身兼压紧弹簧和分离杠杆的两重作用，使得离合器结构大为简化，并显著的缩短离合器的轴向尺寸。2）由于膜片弹簧与压盘以整个圆周接触，压力分布均匀，摩擦片的接触良好，磨损均匀。3）由于膜片弹簧具有非线性的弹簧特性，故在从动盘摩擦片磨损后仍能可靠地传递发动机的转矩，而不致产生滑膜。离合器踏板操纵轻便，能减轻驾驶员的劳动强度。4）因膜片弹簧是一种旋转对称零件，平衡性好，在高速下，受离心力影响小，其压紧力降低很小，因此高速性能好。3什么是汽车的牵引力（驱动力）？汽车行驶的驱动附着条件是什么？ 答：发动机的转矩经传动系传给驱动车轮，驱动车轮对地面作用一个切向力，由于驱动轮与地面之间的附着作用，地面对车轮产生一个反作用力，这个反作用力就是驱动力。 汽车行驶的驱动附着条件是驱动力必须大于或等于所有的行驶阻力必须小于或等于附着力。4同步器的作用是什么?有哪些类型?由哪些部分组成?答：同步器的作用是：使接合套与待啮合的齿圈迅速同步并阻止其在同步前啮合。 同步器有常压式、自动增力式和惯性式三种类型。当代汽车上普遍采用惯性式同步器。惯性式同步器由同步装置、锁止装置和接合装置组成。5变速器操纵机构的定位锁止装置有哪些，各有何作用？ 答：自锁装置，其作用是，防止自动脱挡和自动挂挡，同时保证齿轮全齿长啮合。互锁装置，其作用是，防止同时挂上两个挡。 倒挡锁，其作用是，防止误入倒挡。底盘构造与维修形成性考核作业二（第2章 自动变速器、万向传动装置、驱动桥部分）一、判断题（对打“”，错打“” ）1在自动变速器的行星排齿系中，太阳齿轮、齿圈和行星齿轮3者的旋转轴线是重合的。（ ）2自动变速器中的制动器的作用是把行星齿轮机构中的某两个元件连接起来，形成一个整体共同旋转。（ ）3自动变速器的制动器能把行星齿轮机构中的某元件锁止，不让其进行旋转；而离合器的作用是将两个元件连接成一体，共同旋转。（ ）4在自动变速器中使用数个多片湿式制动器，为使其停止动作时油缸排油迅速，其油缸内设置有单向阀钢球。（ ）5在自动变速器中，由于行星齿轮机构处于常啮合状态，故动力传输不会产生齿轮间冲击。（ ）6在液力变矩器中，当导轮处于锁止状态下，将反过来使泵轮的转矩增大。（ ）7所谓液力变矩器的“锁止”，其含义是把其内的导轮锁止不动，以提高传动效率。（ ）。8当行星齿轮机构中的太阳齿轮、齿圈或行星架都不被锁止时，则会形成空档