高中英语新人教版必五 unit1 great scientists1 课件

Unit 1 Great Scientists Do you know? Who discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float? Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed? Archimedes Charles Darwin Who invented the first steam engine? Thomas Newcomen Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children? Gregor Mendel Who discovered radium? Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities? Who was the painter that studied dead bodies to improve his painting of people? Maries Curie Thomas Edison Leonardo da Vinci Who invented a lamp to keep miner safe underground? Who invented the earliest instrument to tell people where earthquakes happened? Who put forward a theory about black holes? Sir Humphrey Davy Zhang Heng Stephen Hawking Who is the father Who is the father of super hybrid of super hybrid rice?rice? Yuan Longping Do you know who Do you know who defeated “King defeated “King Cholera”?Cholera”? John Snow John Snow is a well-known doctor in the 19th century in London and he defeated “King Cholera”. Do you know what kind of disease is Do you know what kind of disease is cholera?cholera? It is a kind of terrible disease caused by drinking dirty water and it caused a lot of deaths in the old times and it was very difficult to defeat. Lets get to know how Dr. John Lets get to know how Dr. John Snow defeated “King Cholera” in Snow defeated “King Cholera” in 1854 in London in this reading 1854 in London in this reading passage: passage: John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”John Snow Defeats “King Cholera” What happened in 1854? How many people died in 10 days? Why is there no death at No. 20 and 21 Broad Street as well as at No. 8 and 9 Cambridge Street? Cholera outbreak hit London. 500 These families had not drunk the water from the Broad Street pump. Task 1:Skim and Scan Task 2: Read and answer 1 Why couldnt the cholera be under control at first? 2 Which theory did John Snow believe in? 3 John Snow finally proved the theory he believed by _. A. gathering information with the help of a map B. looking into the source of the water for Broad Street and Cambridge Street C. Separating those who suffered cholera from those who didnt D. Both A and B 4 To prevent the cholera from spreading again, what did John Snow do? 1 Why couldnt the cholera be under control at first? 2 Which theory did John Snow believe in? Neither its cause, not its cure was understood. People absorbed cholera into their bodies with their meals. 3 John Snow finally proved the theory he believed by _. A. gathering information with the help of a map B. looking into the source of the water for Broad Street and Cambridge Street C. separating those who suffered cholera from those who didnt D. both A and B 4 To prevent the cholera from spreading again, what did John Snow do? Suggested that the source of all water supplies be examine. Suggested that new methods of dealing with polluted water be found. Instructed the water companies not to expose people to the polluted water anymore. John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”John Snow Defeats “King Cholera” The passage is written as a report of The passage is written as a report of an experiment and there are an experiment and there are 7 steps7 steps: : 1.Find a problem:(1.Find a problem:(发现问题发现问题) ) 2.Make up a question:(2.Make up a question:(形成研究主题形成研究主题) ) 3.Think of a method:3.Think of a method:( (找出研究方法找出研究方法) ) 4.Collect results4.Collect results:(:(收集材料收集材料) ) 5.Analyse results:(5.Analyse results:(分析材料分析材料) ) 6.Repeat if necessary:(6.Repeat if necessary:(必要时重新分析必要时重新分析) ) 7.Draw a conclusion:(7.Draw a conclusion:(得出结论得出结论) ) Mind Map of the text John Snow Defeats “King Cholera” Paragraph 1: Introduction of John Snow and Cholera Paragraph 2: Two theory Find a Problem: What cause the cholera? Make a question: Which is right? Paragraph 3-5: Study of the breakout in 1854 Paragraph 3: Study of the breakout in 1854 Think of a method: Test two theory Collect the result: Mark the death Analyse the result: Reason for death and no death Paragraph 4: Study of the breakout in 1854 Paragraph 5: Study of the breakout in 1854 Analyse the result: Find the resource of the water Repeat if necessary: Find more evidence. Draw a conclusion: Cholera was spread by germ Polluted water carried cholera Paragraph 6: Prevention of Cholera John Snow defeat King Cholera Read the passage again and finish Ex. 1(Page 3). (in 8 minutes) John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”John Snow Defeats “King Cholera” Scientific Reportby John Snow The problem The causeIdea 1: Idea 2: The method Nobody knew the cause of the serious disease of cholera a strange cloud of gas found its victims people absorbed the disease with meals Collect information from the cholera outbreak to prove which theory was correct The results Idea 1 or 2? Why? The conclusion He found the cause of cholera was the polluted water Idea 2. Because the information showed that the dirty water carried cholera He defeated cholera by examining the water supply and dealing with the polluted water Retell the passage according to below: John Snow was a well-known _ in London in the _ century. He wanted to find the _ of cholera in order to _ it. In 1854 when a cholera _ out, he began to gather information. He _ on a map where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dirty water from the _ died. So he decided that the polluted water carried cholera. He suggested that the _ of all water supply be _ and new methods of _ with polluted water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was defeated. Read the passage again and fill in the blanks: John Snow was a well-known _ in London in the _ century. He wanted to find the _ of cholera in order to _ it. In 1854 when a cholera _ out, he began to gather information. He _ on a map where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dirty water from the _ died. So he decided that the polluted water carried cholera. He suggested that the _ of all water supply be _ and new methods of _ with polluted water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was defeated. doctor 19th cause defeat broke marked pump source examineddealing (in 5 minutes) Do you know? 发明蒸汽机的并不是瓦特，他是改进纽 可门的蒸气机并发明出双动作，使世界 进入“蒸气时代”的，使他成为第一次工 业革命中的名气最大的发明家。 1865年，修士孟德尔在一个会议上报告了他通 过长达八年的实验研究和他所统计的多达两万 一千多件样本的实验结果，利用豌豆实验发现 了植物的遗传规律，但是孟道尔的理论超出了 当时人们能够接受的水平。35年后，三国科学 家几乎是同时发现了植物遗传的规律。而当他 们准备发表论文，去查阅文献时，又不约而同 地发现，早在35年前孟德尔就发现这样的规律 了。他们三个人在发表论文时，都提到了孟德 尔的文章，称自己的工作是证实了孟德尔的定 律。这就是生物学史上的有名的“孟德尔定律 的再发现”。 英国化学家、诗人汉弗莱戴维。1778年出生。 他小时聪明、淘气，不喜欢读书，喜欢玩乐。 他不到20岁时，父亲去世。为了养家糊口，他 到当地一位医生那当学徒，从此接触并喜欢上 化学，因为觉得自己知识浅薄，他就自订计划 发奋用功，凭着他的天资和勤奋，很快掌握了 七种语言和不少科学知识，并最终成为了英国 皇家学会的主席。1798年戴维的名声随着他 对笑气的发现而传遍了整个英国。他还带病专 门研究火焰，发明了矿用安全灯（1816）， 这种灯一直到今天仍叫戴维灯，曾挽救了成千 上万名矿工的生命。 Language points Find the phrases in the passage. 1、提出 2、传染病 3、科学研究 4、得出结论 5、分析结果 6、对产生兴趣 7、被传染的人 8、信仰 9、查清楚 10、调查 11、水源 12、使慢下来 13、另外 14、把和联系起 来 15、死于 16、毫无疑问地 17、阻止做 18、处理 put forward infectious diseases scientific research draw a conclusion analyze the results get interested in the affected people believe in find out 1、提出 2、传染病 3、科学研究 4、得出结论 5、分析结果 6、对产生兴趣 7、被传染的人 8、信仰 9、查清楚 look into the source of water slow down in addition linkto die of with certainty preventfrom deal with 10、调查 11、水源 12、使慢下来 13、另外 14、把和联系 起来 15、死于 16、毫无疑问地 17、阻止做 18、处理 Language Points 1.discover 可以 用in which;还可以省略. I dont like the way (that/ in which) you speak to your father. 我不喜欢你跟你父亲讲话的方式. 与way相关的短语: by the way 顺便说 by way of 通过的方法 lose ones way 迷路 no way (俚语) 没门,别想 feel ones way 摸黑走,谨慎从事on ones way to在去的路上 in this way=by this means=with this method用这种方法 3.Who put forward a theory about black holes?谁提出了黑洞的理论 ? put forward (1) to offer (an idea, suggestion etc.) for consideration 提出(建议等) (2)推荐某人或自己任职位;提名 May I put your name forward as our monitor?我能否提名你当我们 的班长? put away 抛弃;舍弃 put down 写下来;记入名单; put on 穿上;戴上;增加 put off 耽误;延期 put out 熄灭(灯);扑灭 (火) put up 建立;建造 put up with 忍受 You can take anything from the shelf and read, but please _ the books when youve finished with them. A. put on B. put down C. put back D. put off 1. put forward 提出 put down put off put away put on put out 放下，记下 推迟，延期 放好 穿上， 上演 扑灭 Ex. Fill in the blanks. 1. The manager _ a good idea to solve the problem. 2. Tom, could you please _ toys and books ? They are everywhere. 3. The big fire was _ an hour later. 4. The match has _ because of the rain. 5. Time was up for the test. So all the students _ their pens and turned in their papers. 6. The man _ his best hat and went to the station. put forward put away put out been put off put down put on 4.This was the most deadly disease of its day. die (v.) dead (adj.) death (n.) deadly adj. 1.dangerous; likely to cause death 危险的;致命的 a deadly disease/weapon 2. highly effective against sth. or someone 强有力的;致命 的 a deadly remark 击中要害的评论 3. aiming to kill or destroy意在杀死的;不共戴天的: a deadly enemy不共戴天的敌人 adv. 1. Very极度;非常;十分: deadly serious 十分认真 2. like death 死一般地: deadly pale 死一般苍白 2. attend 1) 专心 , 处理 attend to sth. 2）照顾 attend to sb. / sth 3) 治疗，护理, 照料 attend (on ) sb. 4）出席，参加 attend a meeting attend school (入学） He attended to his business. If you go out , who will attend to the baby? I didnt attend his wedding on Sunday because I was too busy. 他专心于他的事务。 如果你出去，谁照顾婴儿呢？ 星期天我没出席他的婚礼因为太忙了。 Exercises q 她岁就上学了。 q一位好医生在医院里给我看病。 q你能马上处理这件事吗？ She attended school at the age of five. A good doctor attended (on) me in hospital. Can you attend to this matter right away ? 3. ease v . 减轻，舒缓 This medicine can ease pain. The relationship between these two countries has eased. 这种药能镇痛缓解痛楚。 两国的关系已经得到缓和。 q ease ones mind = put sb. at (ones) ease 使某人安心 她说的话使大家安下心来。 What she said eased everyones mind. What she said put everyone at ease. 5.But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. 在句中是过去分词作后置定语,表示被动.意为“患霍乱的”. 如:The book written by Luxun is very popular. expose v. (1)to make visible 暴露 “expose .to.” (2)He exposes his skin to the sun. 他把皮肤暴露在阳光下. (3)(2)to reveal the guilt or wrong doing of 揭露;揭发 (4)He exposed their plot.他揭穿了他们的阴谋. (5)I threatened to expose him ( to the police).我威胁要(向 警察)揭发他. expose to 使易受,使受 expose a fraud 揭穿 骗局 expose sth. to the light of day 把某事暴露于光 天化日之下 The disc, in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded 5. cure v. / n. 治愈, 治疗 This kind of medicine cant cure him of his headache. He went to the city for a cure in a famous hospital. 这种药治不了他的头痛。 他到城里一家有名的医院治疗。 v. n. q 科学家们在寻找一种治疗禽流感的方法。 Scientists are searching for a method to cure bird flu. 6. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.每次爆发霍乱时就有大批惊慌的 老百姓病死. every time是连词,引导时间状语从句,意为“每次,每当”,如 : Every time I meet him, I always think of the things happened between us.每次见到他,我就想起发生在我们 之间的事情. immediately, the moment, directly, instantly 等都可以作 连词,引导时间状语从句,意为“一就”,如: I will give the letter to him immediately I see him.我一见 到他就把这封信给他. I came directly I got your letter.我一接到你的信就来了. 6. control v. 统治，控制 He tried to control his anger. 他尽量控制自己的愤怒。 n. 统治，控制 , 掌握 in control of指导；支配 He was in control of the car.他负责这辆小汽车。 under the control of 被控制着 ( go ) out of control 失控 q 他的钱是由他妻子掌管的。 q 那辆车失去控制撞在墙上。 His money is under the control of his wife. The car went out of control and hit the wall. 7.The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air without reason.第一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中无缘无 故地繁殖着.(Suggest 用法参考P43.4,并完成相关的练习) 8.absorb v. 吸收(液体);承受;承担 (费用等) Use the cloth to absorb the spilled ink. 吸干撒的墨水 We will not absorb these charges.我们不能承担这些费用 . absorbin/by吸引注意 I was absorbed in a book and didnt hear you call.专心 看书 absorbinto吸收 The big company has gradually absorbed these small companies into its own organization.这家大公司逐渐将这 些小的公司吞并了。 8. severe = serious 严厉的，严格的 = very harmful 剧烈的 be severe with = be strict with 对要求严格 His severe looks frightened me. 他的严厉表情使我恐慌。 He has a severe pain in his leg. 他的脚痛得厉害。 q 他对自己要求很严格。 He is very severe with himself. 9. valuable a. 贵重的，重要的，有用的 be valuable to sb. 对某人有价值 be valuable for sth. 对有用 value n. 价值 valuable = of great value q 他给我们提供了宝贵的信息。 q这本书对我的学习很有价值。 q 电脑对储存资料很有用。 He provided us with valuable information. This book is valuable to me in my studies. This book is of great value to me in my studies. Computer is valuable for storing information. 10. blame 责备，指责，归咎于 blame sb. (for sth. ) blame sth. on sb. They blamed him for everything . 他们样样事都指责他。 He blamed it on me. 他怪我不好。 q 警察把这个事故的责任归咎那个司机。 q他把比赛失败归咎于自己。 The police blamed the accident on the driver. He blamed himself for the loss of the match. 11. handle n. 把手， 柄 v. 操作， 处理，管理， 拿 the handle of the door handle the business handle an argument handle the food 门的把手 管理业务 处理一场争论 拿食物 12. in addition 除此之外，另外，并且 in addition to = besides 除此之外还有 In addition to English , he has to study a second foreign language. 除了英语之外，他还必须学习第二外语。 In addition , I work for the computer computer in my spare time. 此外，我还在业余时间要电脑公司工作。 q She can sing songs in English _ in Japanese. q The doctor found another way of curing the cancer _. in addition to in addition 13. linkto 把与连接/ 联系 Scientists have linked smoking to cancer. 科学家已经把吸烟与癌症联系起来。 q 这条铁路把上海和北京连接起来。 The railway links Shanghai to Beijing. 14. announce 宣布，发表， 告知 显示， 预告/ 示 The government announced its new economic policies. 政府发布了新的经济政策。 The strong wind announced the coming of a big storm. 强风预示着一场大风暴的来临。 q这则消息经由电视向大众宣布。 The news was announced to the public on TV. Choose the right one for the blanks. believe in, deal with , preventfrom , with certainty, die of , in addition , look into The police are _ all the records of the man. _, the course also provides practical experience. He _ him and let him handle all his business. The government is doing something to _ the polluted water. The old man _ hunger and cold. You should _ your child _ going out at night. He was the first to work out the problem _. looking into In addition believed in deal with died of prevent from with certainty P42.Using Words And Expressions 1. In the twenty-first century, educated people find it difficult to believe that living conditions in the nineteenth century _ people _ serious illnesses. The reports of many doctors _ illness _ drinking polluted water. However, one hundred years ago people did not connect a disease to the environment. So they did not _ the companies that supplied dirty water. The doctors found that the dirtier the water, the more _ the illness. It was only later when people began to _ the water and _ its quality that they_ the idea that cholera was _ from the air. It was only when everybody began to attack the dirty conditions that cholera was _ and was not a problem any more. expose examine severe blame tolink to absorbed rejected test defeated 1 Great scientists Reading continued 4. arrived 5. concerned 6. frightened P44.No.2: 1. I found this broken plate on the floor. 2. I saw a tall, dark and handsome man called Xiao Ming. 3. I looked at that modern abstract painting coloured in yellows and greens. 4. Yesterday I got the expected answer to my question. 5. She is my friend devoted to my interests. 6. On the doorstep I found a lot of bottles labelled in green ink. 7. We saw many cracked windows in that room. Great scientists Listening wrote more books than anyone before Reading Task ( P45 ) Finding The Solution Puzzle A BC A A B B CC D DE Can you go over it without missing any points or going over a line twice? F A BC A A B B CC D DE start finish F A BC A A B B CC D D E Euler said, “If a figure has more than two odd points, you cannot go over it without lifting your pencil from the page or going over a line twice.” A.B.C:even points A.B:even points C.D: odd points C. D.E.F: odd points A.B: even points F Leonhard Euler (1707-1783) Born: 15 April 1707 in Basel, Switzerland Died: 18 Sept 1783 in St Petersburg, Russia Euler was a famous mathematician in the eighteenth century, he introduced a new branch of mathematics called topology. It is a form of geometry that help you understand things by turning them into diagrams. Reading P45 What is Euler path? curved line straight line even pointodd point A,B,C D : odd points A, C: odd points B, D:even points No Euler path Has Euler path start finish Fig 4: A 1 2 3 4 Figure 4 answers to the homework 一: 中译英 1.下结论 2. 暴露于 3. 把吸收进去 4. 热衷于(足球) 5.对谨慎 6. 提出一个理论 7.治好某人的(癌症) 8. 应因某事受责备 9. 感染上 10.有意义,行得通 11.在某方面严格要求某人 draw a conclusion be exposed to absorbinto be enthusiastic about (football) be cautious to put forward a theory cure sb of (his cancer) be to blame for sth become/get infected with make sense be strict with sb in sth 12. contribute (sth) to sth 13. reject ones theory 14. in addition ( to) 15. be linked to sth/sb 16. come to an end 17. take up( a career) 18. be under construction 19. apart from sth 20. lead to sth 21. (from my) point of view =from the point of view of sb 12. 为贡献 13. 摈弃某人的原理 14. 除了(以外,还有) 15. 和有联系 16. 结束 17. 开始从事一种事业 18. 在建设当中 19. 除外 20. 导致 21. (在我)看来,(依我的) 观点 complete the sentences with the phrases above 1. Officials must_ themselves and serve people heart and sou