英语四级阅读提速必备技巧【精华】 .docVIP

英语四级阅读提速必备技巧紧急状况下的阅读答题方法推知此句应理解为老师鼓励学生用字典，因此排除 persuade 而选 encourage。7. 选 h )。 此处应填形容词。由空格后面的 too many spelling errors 和illegible可知，这篇文章是写的很糟，而不是很难理解。故排除difficult而选terrible。8. 选 b )。 此处应填名词。由后半句中 a sad reflection on the teacher 可知，前半句是在指责学生，故选项中只有criticism做好阅读理解题，最理想的步骤是先迅速浏览五道题大体了解一下五道题各自提问了什么，各选项句是什么意思。然后带着题干的提问略读全文，以最快 的速度掌握所阅读材料中的主要内容和主要观点，模清五道题各自提问的内容大体在文章的什么位置，并做些相应的记号。接着开始逐个答题如果哪一题在略读基础 上不能选出，再到文中相应的地方进行查读、细读，直至选出正确答案。五题全做完后，最后把五个选出的答案连起来看一看，检查一下是否存在明显的逻辑不通或 相冲突。如果有，及时订正;如果没有，可以做下一篇文章。但是，如果考生时间实在不够了而剩下一、两篇还没做，在此紧急状况下，该如何阅读答题呢?下面介 绍一些临门一脚的诀窍。 (一)针对主旨大意题只读段首、段尾句。一般来说，一篇文章的中心思想或某一段主题思想往往通过段首、段尾句表达出来。考生迅速找到了这些主题句，也能答题。例(1) the author writes this passage to _ 。(1995年6月六级题30)a. discuss the negative aspect of being attractive。b. give advice to job-seekers who are attractivec. demand equal rights for womand. emphasize the importance of appearance(分析：考生若没有时间看整个文章，但只要看到第一段最后一句话：but in the executivecircle, beauty can become a liability. 第二段第一句话：while attractiveness is a positive factor for aman on his way up the executive ladder, it is harmful to a woman. 考生亦能选出正确答案项a。) (二)若针对举例子、引用名人言论、特殊符号(如冒号、引号、破折号)后内容出题，考生可只读例子、名人言话、符号前后句内容，然后符号题。例(1) tish sommers argues that _ . (1994上1月六级题28)a. older women find it hard to escape poverty。b. older women usually perform better in their jobsc. the major cause of the poverty of older women is sexismd. more people have come to believe in sexism and ageism。(分析：考生一看到题干，迅速到文章中找到tish sommers 的位置，人名开头字母大写，容易找到，且有双引号引用了她的原话：when sexism meets ageism, poverty is no longer in thedoorstep it moves in。考生只要看看新引用的话及前后句内容，就能选出正确答案a项。) (三)如果题目只是针对某一段内容而提问，考生可只看该段内容即可答题，而不必等把文章全看完才做，以防到时要交卷，而能做出的题因时间不足而瞎猜。例(1) from the third paragraph, we can leard that _ 。(建议：考生只看第三段，然后迅速答题。) (四)针对词汇题，考生可只看词汇所在句和前后句内容即可答题，因为对单词字义的揣测，一般只通过单词所在句或前后句内容就能猜出。例(1) the word dubious(line. 2)most probably means _ 。(1990年1月六级题33)a.valuable b. useful c. doubtful d. helpful(分析：对dubious一词词义的揣测，可根据该单词所在句和其前面一句话即可猜出。yet youwill find little if anything written on what it is to be an employee. you can find a great deal of verydubious advice on how to get a job or how to get a promotion. 从这两句可猜出dubious是含有贬义、否定语气的，故选c。)英语四级阅读提速必备技巧之排除干扰项各类题型干扰项特点新闻记者理解题一般采用主旨大意题、事实细节题、判断词汇题、逻辑推理题、作者观点态度题五种形式。考生若掌握了这些题型干扰项的特点，也有助 于帮助自己排除干扰项，做出正确地选择。(一)主旨大意题干扰项特点。(1)虽覆盖全文意思，但显得太笼统;(2)其内容太窄，不能覆盖全文内容，只是文章内容的一部分，或只是文章内容的一个细枝未节;(3)与文章内容毫不相干，或与文章内容相悖。例(1) the author write this passage to _ 。(1995年6月六级题30)a. discuss the negative aspects of being attractiveb. give advice to job-seekers who are attractivec. demand equal rights for womand. emphasize the importance of appearance(分析：文章中心意思是讲漂亮对女性的不利影响(but in the executive circle, beauty canbecome a liability。)但b项表达的意思偏离了主题(不是提供建议)，且不是对所有外貌有魁力的人而言的;c项内容太笼统，太宽，不是讲女权平等;d项内 容与文章主旨相反。故选a项。)(二)细节题干扰项特点。(1)与原句内容相反;(2)与原文内容一半相同一半不同;(3)与原句内容相似但过于绝对化;(4)原文中根本没提到。例(1) according to the passage, which of the following statement is true?(1996年1月六级题35)a. future man will be made of silicon instead of flesh and blood。b. some day it will be difficult to tell a computer from a manc. the reasoning power of computers has already surpassed that of man?d. future intelligent life may not necessarily be made of organic matter。(分析：此题是一个细节判断题。a项与原文内容相反，过于绝对化，原文是说由硅材料构成的计算机可能成为一种新的智慧生命，并不是说已经是。b 项内容原文中根本没提到。c项说计算机的推理能力目前已超过人类，但原文内容只是说到90年代，第6代计算机的问世，其推理能力才与人类的大脑相匹配，而 不是已超过，故与原文内容有出入。因此答案是d项。)(三)逻辑推理题干扰项特点(1)不是在文章事实或上下文(句)逻辑基础上进行推理而得出了观点。(2)虽然可以以文章提供的事实或内在逻辑为基础进行推理，但推理过头，概括过度。例(1) it can be inferred from the passage that earlier generations didnt realize _ 。(1993年6月六级题27)a. the interdependence of water, soil and living thingsb. the importance of the proper land usec. the harmfulness of soil destruction and river floodsd. the extraordinary rapid growth of population(分析：此题属从事实描述的基础上进行推理。短文主要讲了环保是我们生活的一部分。地下水位的重要性以及保护植被对保护源头的意义和充分利 用江河中的水资源的意义。而文章开头就提出一种观点我们要着手弥补先辈们的错误。由此可推断出早期先辈们没有意识到水、土地、生物之间的相互依存关 系，选a项。b、c项推理出的观点太窄，不能概括整段中心，d项短文中根本没提到。)(四)观点态度题干扰项特点纵观历届四、六级阅读理解试题在考查学生揣测作者观点态度时，正确选项要么是肯定、赞扬、褒义性的(如 positive, support, useful, interesting, admiring等)要么是否定、批评、贬义性的(如disgust, critical, negative, disappointment等)而又以否定、贬义性居多。所以此类题型中的中性词(如indifferent, ambivalent, neutral, humor, disinterested, impassive)一般均为干扰项。由于近几年文章都是反映与社会联系紧密的，多为人们所担心的现象，故作者对这些社会现象持批评态度的较多。例(1) the authors attitude towards the speakers remarks is _ 。(1996年1月四级题68)(分析：正确答案为(c)critical, 其它选项(a)neutral, (b)positive, (d)compromising 均为干扰项。)英语四级阅读提速必备技巧之答案项特征通过研究历届四、六级阅读理解题，我们发现，在所列出的四个选项中，也有一些普遍性规律可循。如果考生了解、熟悉并掌握了这些规律，他(她)们 就可以找到做题时的第六感觉，达到所谓超常发挥的水平。如果考生来不及看文章，万般无奈下凭这些规律可以选中不少正确选项。(一)答案项中有绝对语气词的一般不是正确答案项。这些语气词有： must, always, never, themost, all, only, have to, any, no, very completely, none, hardly等。例(1) one of the great changes brought about by the knowledge society is that _ 。(1995年6月六级题22)a. the difference between the employee and the employer has become insignificant。b. peoples traditional concepts about work no longer hold true。c. most people have to take part-time jobs。d. people have to change their jobs from time to time。(分析：四个选项中，c、d两项中都含有have to，语气太绝对化，一般被排除。考生在剩下两项中进行选择，就大大降低了难度。)(二)选项中含有不十分肯定的语气词一般是正确答案项。这些语气词有： can, could, may, should, usually, might, most(大多数)，more or less, relatively, be likely to, possible, whether or, notnecessarily 等。例(1) it can be inferred from the passage that the author believes _ 。(1999年6月四级题30)a. americans are more ambitious than people in other countriesb. in many countries success often depends on ones social statusc. american businesses are more democratic than those in other countriesd. businesses in other countries are not as competitive as those in america(分析：选项b中often 一词，语气委婉，不十分肯定，故为答案。而其它三项中所表达出的语气都明显绝对化。)(三)选项中照抄原文的一般不是答案项，而同义替换的一般是选项。例(1) according to dr. david, americans _ 。(1993年6月六级题32)a. are ideally vigorous even under the pressure of lifeb. often neglect the unsequences of sleep deficitc. do not know how to relax themselves properlyd. can get by on 6.5 hours of sleep(分析：答案项中a、d两项基本上是原文中句子的原现，故被排除。b项中有often 一词，语气委婉，不十肯定，故为答案。)(四)较全面、有针对性地表达文章中心思想的，选项一般是答案项。例(1) which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage? (1996年1月六级题25)a. musical instruments developed through the years will sooner or later be replaced bycomputers。b. music cant be passed on to future generations unless its recorded。c. folk songs cant be spread for unless they are printed on music sheet。d. the development of music culture is highly dependent on its material aspect。(分析：根据短文内容可以看出，a、b、c三项的内容都只是从某一个方面阐述了一种观点，而d项句子所表达的意思就较全面，高度囊括了全篇短文 的主旨。)(五)选项中表达意义较具体的、肤浅的(字面意思)一般不是答案项，而概括性的、抽象的、含义深刻的是答案项。例(1) the population in the 21st century _ , according to the writer 。a. will be smaller than a few years agob. will not be as small as people expectc. will prove to be a threat to the worldd. will not constitute as serious a problem as expected(分析：选项a、b中都有small一词，该词在文中出现过，因而总觉肤浅，是字面之意。c项明显与文章不符，而d项表达的意义比small要 深刻得多。)(六)选项中较符合常识的，易明白的一般不是选项;而似乎不太合理，一时较难理解的往往是正确选项。例(1) advertising can persuade the consumer to buy worthless products by _ 。(1999年1月四级题31)a. stressing their high qualityb. unlinking him of their low pricec. maintaining a balance between quality and priced. appealing to his buying motives(分析：题干问的是广告会通过什么办法能劝说顾客买那些没用的产品?a项意思是通过强调质量，b项意思是使顾客意识到其产品价格低，c项意 思是既考虑到质量又考虑到价格。这三项所表达的意思都是我们在看广告时能感受到的，生活中天天见到。故这样的选项一般不是答案。而d项意思是迎合了顾客购 物心理，乍一看还不太明白，不好理解。而这样的选项往往是正确答案。)例(2) raising children, in the authors opinion, is . (1998年6月四级题32)a. a moral dutyb. a thankless jobc. a rewarding taskd. a source of inevitable pain(分析：题目问的是，依作者观点，抚养孩子是 。 依据我们日常生活所闻所见，抚养孩子就是a. 一种道德责任 b.不求回报的工作。我们都觉得抚养孩子是人生义务，是天经地义的。这两项太熟悉了，因而一般不是答案。而c项求回报的事，似乎不太合人情味、合 乎常识。但这样的选项就是答案。d项有inevitable 一词，语气太绝对化，故排除掉。此外，在作者态度题中，象中立态度(neutral)一般不是选项。在四个选项中，忽然有一个选项特别长或特别短，则此选 项往往是正确选项。在两个选项中，如果除个别字外，其他部分完全一样，其中往往有一个是正确选项。none of the above往往是用作干扰项。)英语四级阅读首句见主旨技巧解析在英语四级阅读中第一句按类型可分为：开门见山型、标靶型和导入型三类。所谓开门见山型，即指文章直接推出论点，表达文章的中心思想或主题走向。开门见山型的特征往往为定义型句子。一般都较为简短有力，富有哲理性，不超过两行。文章如属于开门见山型，则主题的确立自不待言。所谓标靶型，即作者在起笔处先推出某个错误的论点或看法，然后加以批驳，给出作者所持的相反或相对立的观点。标靶型语句的特征往往为：“人们常常以为”、“一般说来”、“据称”。遇到标靶型语句时，只要第一句作相反理解，即可确知文章的主旨。所谓导入型，即作者先隐下主题思想不说，从别的细碎的地方谈起，渐渐接入正题。导入型的语句一般较为琐碎具体，甚至具体到某年某月。有时也纯为挑起读者的好奇心而设。如american firms have a problem.什么问题呢?作者只字不提。导入型语句尽管隐藏了主题思想，但文章的脉络、所涉及的范围依然清晰可见。如上句的举例，讨论的关键肯定在problem，范围局限在美国公司。当然，分类并不是绝对的，有时我们也可看到几种类型缠绕在一起的句子。关键在于：读完第一句后，应能确定文章的中心思想，即或不能，也应尽可能地把握文章的讨论走向。完成了这一点，也就完成了初步阅读。剩下的就是在中心思想或文章的主题走向的指导下去做选项了。英语四级阅读突破之专项练习among the more colorful characters of leadvilles golden age were h.a.w.tabor and his second wife, elizabeth mccourt, better known as “baby doe”. their history is fast becoming one of the legends of the old west. horace austin warner tabor was a school teacher in vermont. with his first wife and two children he left vermont by covered wagon in 1855 to homestead in kansas. perhaps he did not find farming to his liking, or perhaps he was lured by rumors of fortunes to be made in colorado mines. at any rate, a few years later he moved west to the small colorado mining camp known as california gulch, which he later renamed leadville when he became its leading citizen. “great deposits of lead are sure to be found here.” he said.as it turned out, it was silver, not lead, that was to make leadvilles fortune and wealth. tabor knew little about mining himself, so he opened a general store, which sold everything from boots to salt, flour, and tobacco.it was his custom to “grubstake” prospective miners, in other words, to supply them with food and supplies, or“grub”, while they looked for ore, in return for which he would get a share in the mine if one was discovered.he did this for a number of years, but no one that he aided ever found anything of value.finally one day in the year 1878, so the story goes, two miners came in and asked for “grub”. tabor had decided to quit supplying it because he had lost too much money that way. these were persistent, however, and tabor was too busy to argue with them. “oh help yourself. one more time wont make any difference,” he said and went on selling shoes and hats to other customers. the two miners took $17 worth of supplies, in return for which they gave tabor a one-third interest in their findings. they picked a barren place on the mountain side and began to dig. after nine days they struck a rich vein of silver. tabor bought the shares of the other two men, and so the mine belonged to him alone. this mine, known as the “pittsburgh mine,” made 1 300 000 for tabor in return for his $17 investment.later tabor bought the matchless mine on another barren hillside just outside the town for $117 000. this turned out to be even more fabulous than the pittsburgh, yielding $35 000 worth of silver per day at one time. leadville grew. tabor became its first mayor, and later became lieutenant governor of the state.1.leadville got its name for the following reasons except.a.because tabor became its leading citizenb.because great deposits of lead is expected to be found therec.because it could bring good fortune to tabord.because it was renamed2.the word “grubstake” in paragraph 2 means.a.to supply miners with food and suppliesb.to open a general storec.to do ones contribution to the development of the mined.to supply miners with food and supplies and in return get a share in the mine, if one was discovered3.tabor made his first fortune.a.by supplying two prospective miners and getting in return a one-third interest in the findingsb.because he was persuaded by the two miners to quit supplyingc.by buying the shares of the otherd.as a land speculator4. the underlying reason for tabors life career is.a. purely accidentalb. based on the analysis of miners being very poor and their possibility of discovering profitable mining sitec. through the help from his second wifed. he planned well and accomplished targets step by step5.if this passage is the first part of an article,who might be introduced in the following part?a.tabors life.b.tabors second wife, elizabeth mccourt.c.other colorful characters.d.tabors other careers.vocabulary1.barren adj. 贫瘠的2.fabulous adj. 神话般的，难以置信的3.lure vt.诱惑，引诱4.deposit n.沉淀，储蓄5.grubstake v.下注长难句解析【解析】“it”是形式主语，真正的主语是“to”后面的句子，“while”引导时间状语从句。【译文】他的通常做法是对来采矿的人“下注”，说得更明确一点就是泰勃供给这些人食品、用品等物品，作为回报，当他们采到矿后就会分给他一部分股份。答案与详解【短文大意】本文主要讲述霍塞斯奥斯汀沃纳泰勃发家的故事。1. c细节题。因为leadville可以为tabor带来巨富。这一点不是leadville得名的原因，因为在文章第二段中，讲到这一点时，提及三个原因：a.因为tabor成为当地的居民代表人物，b.因为在leadville有丰富的铅的储藏量。d.因为leadville是因为tabor重要而起的名，唯独c没有，因为到后来发现是银矿才给他带来巨富。2. d词汇题。第二段中grubstake的词义与d所述内容是相同的，即“供给探矿者资金，衣物，食品以及其他物品”。(可参阅英华大辞典修订第二版64页)但此处还补充地讲，作为回报，供给者可以获得矿中资源一定份额。(见文章第二段第4行)3. a细节题。tabor第一次真正发财是他为两名矿工提供资助，为此他获得他们矿资源三分之一的股份。见文章第三段4-9行内容：两名开矿者从tabor那儿借走价值17美元的物品，作为回报，tabor获得他们矿资源三分之一股份。于是两位开矿者在一座山旁的不毛之地开始挖掘，九天之后，发现了银的富矿，于是tabor又将两人的股份全买下，这样，银矿属于tabor一个人所有，这个矿就是后来著名的“匹兹堡”矿。tabor用17美元的投资换来了130万美元的收获。4. b推断题。由原文可知泰勃的财产来源是有一定偶然性的，但是毕竟也是基于他开创的“grubstake”模式，因为a、d都不对，c更是没有根据，因为他还没有娶第二位夫人这一切就发生了。分析泰勃的做法，会得出b选项所示的结论。5. b推断题。如果本文是一篇文章的第一部分，那么在文章的第二部分将介绍谁呢?key可以从文章第一句分析出来，在leadville的黄金年代，其多彩的特点当中，tabor及其第二任妻子elizabeth mccourt是值得大书特书的，接着，文章都在讲述有关h.a.w.tabor发家致富的历史，如先买下匹兹堡矿，后又买下matchless矿，最后成为市长，代理州长，等等，所以涉及到的全是男主人公，因此下边再讲的话，应成为女主人公即elizabeth mccourt的天地了，她是tabor的第二任妻子。这是顺理成章的事。there are people in italy who cant stand soccer. not all canadians love hockey. a similar situation exists in america, where there are those individuals you may be one of them who yawn or even frown when somebody mentions baseball. baseball to them means boring hours watching grown men in funny tight outfits standing around in a field staring away while very little of anything happens. they tell you its a game better suited to the 19th century, slow, quiet, gentlemanly. these are the same people you may be one of them who love football because theres the sport that glorifies “the hit”.by contrast, baseball seems abstract, cool, silent, still.on tv the game is fractured into a dozen perspectives, replays, closeups. the geometry of the game, however, is essential to understanding it. you will contemplate the game from one point as a painter does his subject; you may, of course, project yourself into the game. it is in this projection that the game affords so much space and time for involvement. the tv wont do it for you.take, for example, the third baseman. you sit behind the third base dugout and you watch him watching home plate. his legs are apart, knees flexed. his arms hang loose. he does a lot of this. the skeptic still cannot think of any other sports so still, so passive. but watch what happens every time the pitcher throws: the third baseman goes up on his toes, flexes his arms or bring the glove to a point in front of him, takes a step right or left, backward or forward, perhaps he glances across the field to check his first basemans position. suppose the pitch is a ball. “nothing happened,” you say. “i could have had my eyes closed.”the skeptic and the innocent must play the game. and this involvement in the stands is no more intellectual than listening to music is. watch the third baseman. smooth the dirt in front of you with one foot; smooth the pocket in your glove; watch the eyes of the batter, the speed of the bat, the sound of horsehide on wood. if football is a symphony of movement and theatre, baseball is chamber music, a spacious interlocking of notes, chores and responses.1. the passage is mainly concerned with .a. the different tastes of people for sportsb. the different characteristics of sportsc. the attraction of footballd. the attraction of baseball2. those who dont like baseball may complain that .a. it is only to the taste of the oldb. it involves fewer players than footballc. it is not exciting enoughd. it is pretentious and looks funny3、the author admits that .a. baseball is too peaceful for the youngb. baseball may seem boring when watched on tvc. football is more attracting than baseballd. baseball is more interesting than football4. by stating “i could have had my eyes closed. ” the author means (4th paragraph last sentence): a. the third baseman would rather sleep than play the game.b. even if the third baseman closed his eyes a moment ago, it could make no different to the result. c. the third baseman is so good at baseball that he could finish the game with eyes closed all the time and do his work well.d. the consequent was too bad he could not bear to see it.5. we can safely conclude that the author.a. likes football b. hates footballc. hates baseball d. likes baseballvocabulary1. dugout n.棒球场边供球员休息的地方2. pitcher n.投手 3. symphony n.交响乐4. chamber n.室内 5. contemplate vt.沉思，注视长难句解析【解析】此句的主干是“baseballmeanswatching”，其中“in funny tight outfits”用来修饰“grown men”,“standing”和“staring”用来做“grown men”的定语。 【译文】对于他们来说，棒球就是在无聊的几个小时中几个身着紧身衣的大人伫立在场地周围没事可做地东张西望。【解析】这是一个复合句，“goes up”，“flexes”“takes”，“glances”做“the third baseman”的并列谓语。 【译文】但每当投球手掷出球的那一瞬间，你再看吧，三垒运动员脚尖点地，屈臂或把接球手套直指前方，左右移动步伐，或前或后，或许他还要越过场地盯着一垒球手的动作。答案与详解【短文大意】本文主要讲述垒球的特征及欣赏。1. d主旨题。文章第一段简述了人们对垒球所持的偏见认为它毫无活力、从容和缓，不像橄榄球那样(禁止)迭起、令人激动。文章的第二、三、四、五段探讨了垒球的根本特征及欣赏角度，文章的最后一句话用一个比喻概括了垒球的魅力：“如果橄榄球是一曲交响乐的话，那么，垒球中所表现出来的运动恰似一曲优美的室内乐。”可见，本文主要探讨的是垒球的特点及其欣赏。 a不对，第一段也确实提到了不同观众对不同运动形式的偏好，但这只是用以引出对垒球的特征及欣赏的讨论。2. c细节题。文章第一段指出：许多人不喜欢垒球，一提起垒球这些人就打哈欠甚至皱眉头。对他们来说，看垒球意味着眼巴巴地观望着身着运动装(outfit)的人呆立在球场上，东瞧瞧西望望，很少有什么(激动人心的)事发生没意思透了。他们认为这样的运动更适合上个世纪的人的口味，不像橄榄球那样充满活力。 a意为：“它只适合老年人的口味。”注意：原文说的是