医学课件酮病ketosis in dairy

酮酮酮酮病病 Ketosis in Dairy CattleKetosis in Dairy Cattle 1 韩 特 博 士 Prepared by: Dr. Terry Hunt BSc. DVM MRCVS Dairy Herd Health Specialist China Canada Animal Health Initiative 2 酮病Ketosis 泌乳牛代谢病，体重下降、异食僻、食欲差、奶 产量下降、神经官能异常 Ketosis is a metabolic disease of lactating cows characterized by weight loss, pica, decreased appetite, decreased milk production and neurological abnormalities 通常在产后六周出现 It generally occurs in the first six weeks of lactation. 3 续上Ketosis contd 血液和组织伴有大量酮体：-羟基丁酸 、乙酰乙酸、丙酮 It is characterized by an accumulation in the blood and tissues of large quantities of Ketone bodies: B- hydroxybutyric acid, acetoacetic acid and acetone. 酮体是肝内脂肪正常代谢产物 Ketone bodies are normal products of the metabolism of fat in the liver. 4 5 病因Cause 摄入不充足能量形成的能量负平衡导致 酮体产量增加 Negative energy balance caused by inadequate energy intake leading to increased production of Ketone bodies. 伴有血糖过低 It is accompanied by hypoglycemia 6 危险因素Risk factors 低能量摄入Low energy intake 高蛋白摄入High protein intake 青贮料过多（丁酸是前体物） Excessive silage (butyric acid is precursor to formation of Ketone bodies) 奶牛过肥Over fat cows 7 续上Risk Factors contd 缺乏运动Lack of exercise 继发性酮病Concurrent disease limiting feed intake can lead to secondary ketosis 子宫炎、乳腺炎、乳牛热、跛行、皱胃 移胃Metritis, Mastitis, Milk Fever, Lameness, Displaced Abomasum 8 临床症状Clinical Signs 消耗性综合症Wasting Syndrome 渐进性发作Onset is usually gradual 早期为饲料摄入轻微降低Early signs are a slight decrease in feed intake 奶产量下降Drop in milk 精神萎靡Lethargy 粪表面有坚固粘液膜Firm mucous covered feces 9 续上Wasting Syndrome contd 体重下降Weight loss 异食僻Pica 弓背Humped back posture 奶牛和尿酮体检测显阳性Ketonuria and positive Rotheras test in milk 呼出气体有酮味Ketone smell on breath 10 续上Clinical Signs contd 神经症状Nervous syndrome 突然发生Sudden onset 行为异常1-2小时1-2 hour episodes of bizarre behavior 吼叫Bellowing 转圈Circling 11 续上Nervous Syndrome contd 用头抵压Head pressing 徘徊Aimless wandering 食欲异常Abnormal appetite 共济失调In coordination 12 续前Clinical Signs contd 亚临床酮病Sub-clinical ketosis 仅吃粗料，不食精料Eat roughage but not concentrate 体重下降Weight loss/condition loss 奶产量下降Decreased milk yield 酮尿Ketonuria 低繁殖、卵巢功能紊乱、子宫内膜炎Reduced fertility, ovarian dysfunction and endometritis 13 鉴别诊断Differential Diagnosis 消瘦性综合症Wasting Syndrome 肥牛综合症Fat Cow Syndrome 移胃Displaced Abomasum 消化不良Indigestion (Acidosis) Pylonephritis 创伤性网胃炎Hardware Disease 14 续前Differential Diagnosis contd 神经综合症Nervous Syndrome 李斯特病Listeriosis 狂犬病Rabies 疯牛病Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy 肝脑病Hepatic Encephalopathy 15 实验结果Laboratory Findings 酮尿Ketonuria (80 1300 mg/dL) 低血糖Hypoglycemia (20 40 mg/dL) N 45-75) 牛奶酮体水平30 40 mg/dL（分升） Milk ketone levels (30 40 mg/dL) 16 治疗Treatment 静注50%葡萄糖500ml，24-48小时重复 IV administration of 500 ml of 50% glucose repeat in 24-48 hrs. 糖皮质激素Glucocorticoids 地塞米松20mg /隔天，两次 Dexamethasone 20 mg every 2nd day twice Isoflupredone 20 mg every 2nd day twice 丙烯乙二醇225ml一天两次连用两天，后 225ml 一天一次Propylene glycol 225 ml twice a day for two days followed by 225 ml once a day 17 预防Prevention 干奶期体况评分3.5-3.75Cows in dry period should have a Body Condition Score of 3.5 3.75 围产期分群饲养，增加营养In the close up group, increase the plane of nutrition 18 续前Prevention contd 有问题场，限制青贮料摄入，在泌乳早 期增加长干草采食In problem herds, limit the