中考英语专题复习八 写作（含解析） 外研版

在学生就要走出校门的时候，班级工作仍要坚持德育先行，继续重视对学生进行爱国主义教育、集体主义教育、行为规范等的教育，认真落实学校、学工处的各项工作要求写作写作是考查学生综合运用英语知识的能力的一种重要形式。它要求学生有扎实的语言基本功，具备一定的审题能力、想象能力、表达能力和评价能力等。初中阶段的英语写作主要有三种题型：应用文、提示作文、看图作文。体裁以叙述、描述人物或事的记叙文为主；有时会用应用文体的形式表达记叙的内容(包括日记、书信、便条、通知书等)；有时也会出现类似议论文的形式，例如提建议等。考点2016201520142013应用文提示作文看图作文初中阶段的写作体裁主要包括记叙文、议论文和应用文。记叙文的训练中应包括记人、叙事、状物。要分析不同类型文章的写作规律。例如：记人的文章可通过具体事例描写人的思想品质、脾气性格、兴趣爱好等，塑造个性鲜明、有血有肉的形象；叙事文章要有条理地交代5个要素，即who，when，where，what和how，为读者讲述情节完整、情感真挚的故事，让读者体会人物的喜怒哀乐；写景状物的文章应通过描写该“物”或该“景”的地理位置、国内(外)地位、形状大小、设施布局等特点，为读者正确描述事物的形象。议论文的写作常常要求对某一观点发表你的看法，或对某一社会现象发表你的观点。主要考查以下两个方面： 1. 考查学生的能力：观察能力；思维能力；综合分析能力；运用语言知识的能力；用英语组词造句、连句成篇的能力；书写能力。 2. 考查学生的语言基础知识：词类常识；词类的句法功能，即各个词类与句子成分的对应关系；动词八种时态的用法；动词不定式、动名词的用法；情态动词的用法；形容词、副词的比较等级；主谓一致；被动语态；句子的种类；宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句。近几年中考写作的命题有以下趋势： 1. 分值增加，差距拉大英语中考写作由原来的10分变成了15分，分值增加了一半，由此可见写作在英语学习中的重要性。而现在写作不再分为两部分，即一篇作文的分值直接为15分，这样拿分的难度较以前又有所增加。这对于写作能力较差的学生是极为不利的。写作的分值会不会继续增加，我们不知道。但是从近几年中考写作的趋势来看，对于写作的考查力度不会削弱，只会增加。 2. 题材丰富，贴近生活从这几年的命题来看，中考写作的内容十分丰富，有写人的，写物的，有写学校生活的，还有写学习情况的。所选题材均贴近学生的日常生活，写的基本都是学生熟悉的事，学生身边的事。由此可见，和学生日常生活相关的内容仍作为中考写作的主要题材。 3. 开放性作文成主角近几年来，中考写作难度加大，还可以从开放性作文的比重加大这一点看出。英语考试中，写作常见的形式有两种：(1)根据所给信息来完成作文，亦称“情景作文”或“提示作文”。(2)给出一个标题。如果语言词句匮乏，就会导致作文言之无物，内容空洞。而恰恰是这类难度较大的作文如今成了英语中考写作的热点题型。根据推断，今后的英语中考，开放性作文将成为写作考查的主流形式。 4. 评分标准变严格当写作分值还是10分时，满分作文允许有一处小错。现在，满分作文即15分作文必须没有一点错误。为了提高写作水平，平时应多阅读，应背诵一些句型、段落，甚至短文。只要读得多，背得多，就能出口成章，下笔成文。此外，还要了解英文写作方面的基础知识，掌握常用文体的写作方法。其实，用英文写信、记日记等都是学生力所能及且行之有效的练习写作的好方法。在复习的过程中建议做到以下五点： 1. 记好单词，背好词组及句型。 2. 巩固语法知识，掌握各类词的应用。 3. 早晚多读佳作范文，积累好词好句。 4. 坚持每天口头造句，每周至少练习写一篇。 5. 注意练字，书写工整。一、审题目要切中题意。就是要认真审题，看到考题后，先不要急于动笔，要仔细看清题目要求的内容。在自己的头脑中构思出一个框架或画面，确定短文的中心思想，不要匆匆下笔。看懂题意，根据图画、图表、提纲或短文提供的资料和信息来审题。审题要注意格式、体裁、人物关系、故事情节、主体时态、活动时间、地点等。二、列要点防止遗漏要点。要点是给分的一个重要因素。为了防止写作过程中遗漏要点，同学们要充分发挥自己的观察力，把情景中给出的各个要点逐条列出。三、列提纲为写作做好准备。根据文章要点、短文的中心思想将关键句型、关键词语记下，形成提纲。四、定基调定出时态、人称、顺序、开头、结尾。五、写全文写作时要做到以下几个方面： 1. 避免使用汉语式英语，尽量使用自己熟悉的句型。几种句型可交替使用，以避免重复和呆板。 2. 多用简单句型，记事、写人一般都不需要复杂的句型。可适当地多使用陈述句、一般疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。不用或少用含非谓语动词或从句等的较复杂句型。 3. 注意语法、句法知识的灵活运用。 (1)语态、时态要准确无误。(2)主谓语要一致，主语的人称和数要和谓语一致。(3)注意人称代词的宾格形式。(4)注意冠词的用法，例如He is an honest student. 中的an 不能写成a。(5)注意拼写、标点符号和大小写。六、认真检查，改正错误写中考作文时，由于时间紧、内容多，同学们出错在所难免。因此，改错这一环节必不可少。中考作文评卷是根据要点、语言准确性、上下文的连续性来给分，根据错误多少来扣分。因此，花几分钟时间来检查错误显得尤为重要。检查错误应从以下几个方面入手：(1)格式是否有错。(2)拼写有无错误。(3)语言是否用错。(4)时态、语态是否错误。(5)标点是否错误。(6)人称是否用错。(2016山东潍坊)假设你是李华，计划暑假期间出境旅游。下面这则广告引起了你的注意，请根据以下标注内容写一封邮件，询问有关情况。要求：1. 80词左右，格式已为你写好；2. 文中不要出现本人真实信息；3. 可根据个人想法适当增加相关细节。词汇：advertisement广告safari野外观兽旅行accommodation住宿Dear Cathy，Your truly，Li Hua【参考范文】Dear Cathy, Im a student from China and I plan to travel in Africa for summer holidays. Ive seen your advertisement and Id like to know something about the tour. First, Id like to know the date we start and how long it may last so that I can get ready for it. Besides, how about the food?Id like to enjoy a different taste. At last I care about the price of the tour and what it includes. Could you please give me more information? Im looking forward to your reply. Yours truly, Li Hua(一)(2016吉林)随着中国的发展，世界各地掀起了“汉语热”。作为中国人，我们更应该学好汉语。请以“My Chinese Learning”为题，写一篇短文。内容包括：1. 为什么要学好汉语？2. 谈谈自己学习汉语的经历。3. 介绍12条学习汉语的方法。写作要求：1. 词数80左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数。2. 文中不得出现真实的学校名称与姓名。My Chinese Learning With the development of China，Chinese is becoming more and more popular. One possible version:My Chinese Learning With the development of China，Chinese is becoming more and more popular. As native speakers，its our duty to learn Chinese well. It helps us to understand Chinese culture better. Chinese was one of the subjects when I was in a primary school. At first，I used to be weak in it，and I felt stressed out. My Chinese teacher advised me to read more books. From then on，reading played an important role in my life. I often went to the library which was near my home. I made much more progress in Chinese. I think reading books is a useful way of learning Chinese well. Also，its necessary to practice writing as often as we can. Only in this way can we become a good Chinese learner. (二)(2016河南)我们的每一次变化都见证着我们的成长。请以“The biggest personal change Ive ever made”为题，并根据要点和要求，用英语写一篇短文。1. 要点：1)变化是什么；2)变化是如何发生的；3)变化后有何感受。2. 要求：1)文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称；2)词数80左右。The biggest personal change Ive ever madeOne possible version:The biggest personal change Ive ever made The biggest personal change Ive ever made is that I have fallen in love with reading. When I was a child，I didnt enjoy books at all. Later，my mother always read stories for me and bought me books. Gradually I began to love reading. While reading，I feel like talking with a wise man. Reading is also a fantastic way to pass my free time. Books are my friends. And they benefit me a lot. (三)(2016河北)关于“说英语”问题，李华和他的英语老师Miss Wang持不同的观点。请你仔细阅读下图中的对话内容，从中选择一个角色，按照所给要求写一篇短文。要求：(1)用“Li Hua”或“Miss Wang”补全短文首句；(2)写出所选角色的观点，并续写理由；(3)短文中不得出现真实的人名、校名和地名；(4)词数80个左右 (开头已给出，不计入总词数)。参考词汇：shy；make a mistake；believe inI am One possible version:Possible version 1： I am Miss Wang. Your English is poor because you dont speak English. English，like any other language，is a tool of communicationthe more you speak it，the better your English will become. So you should try to speak every day，as much as possible. And dont be shy or afraid of making a mistake. Your teacher and classmates are always ready to help you. The most important is that you must believe in yourself and never give up!Always remember：practice makes perfect!Possible version 2： I am Li Hua. I dont speak English because my English is poor. I find it hard to speak English. I am a little shy and afraid of making a mistake. I always feel nervous when I stand up speaking English in class. Im afraid that my classmates may laugh at me when I speak English. To tell you the truth，I dont believe in myself. The less I speak，the worse my English is. When my English improves，I will enjoy speaking it. (四)(2016湖北黄冈)自古以来，“友善”是中华民族的传统美德。英才国际学校英语广播台正在进行“我友好，我善良”系列人物介绍。请你根据下列表格提示和要求，写一篇介绍江明同学的文字稿。基本情况姓名江明班级九 (3)日常表现1. 文明礼貌，主动热情问候他人；2. 团结友好，能与他人和睦相处；3. 富有爱心，力所能及帮助他人。具体事例任选日常表现之一，举例介绍。愿望做一个善良、有爱心的人。参考词汇：say hello to；make friends；kindness；get on well with；care about写作要求：1. 词数不少于80 (短文的开始语已给出，不计入总词数) ；2. 内容完整，语言流畅，不要逐句翻译，可适当发挥；3. 短文中不得出现真实的姓名及校名。 Good morning，everyone!Today I am glad to introduce a teenager. His name is Jiang Ming. One possible version: Good morning，everyone!Today I am glad to introduce a teenager. His name is Jiang Ming. He is in Class Three，Grade Nine. Wherever he meets teachers or classmates，he always says hello to them with a smile. He is polite to everyone. Because of his kindness，he has made many good friends and gets on well with them. Whenever we have problems with our schoolwork，he is always ready to help out. He often tries to help people who are in trouble. One day，on his way to school，he found a boy crying at the corner of the street. He ran to him and helped him find his parents. Though he was late for school，he didnt feel sorry. What a good student! (One day，I met with a very difficult math problem. I tried many ways to work it out，but I failed. I was about to give up when Jiang Ming came to my desk. He explained it to me clearly until I understood it completely. ) Jiang Ming wishes to be a man full of kindness，and wants to do what he can to help others. (五)(2016浙江绍兴)针对大部分高中要求学生住校的现状，英语课上同学们就“Would you like to live in school?”这一话题展开调查。请你根据下表内容，用英语写一篇短文，汇报调查结果，表达你的意愿并阐述理由。大部分学生愿意1. 方便与同学交流；2. 学会照顾自己；一些学生不愿意1. 在家能休息得更好；2. 与家人相处时间更长；你注意：1. 短文必须包括表中所有内容，可适当增加细节；2. 你的理由至少两条；3. 词数：80100；4. 短文首句仅供选择使用，不计入总词数。参考词汇：方便的convenient短文首句：Would you like to live in school?We had a survey about it and heres the result. One possible version: Would you like to live in school?We had a survey about it and heres the result. Most students prefer to live in school because they find it convenient to communicate with their classmates. Also，they can learn how to look after themselves in this way. However，some students think living at home is a better choice. The main reason is that they can relax better at home. Besides，they can spend more time with their family members and get on better with them. As for me，Id like to live in school. Thats because I can spend more time on study. Whats more，its a wonderful experience to live with other classmates. (六)(2016江苏连云港)为响应我市全面创建国家卫生城市的号召，某校开展了“绿色港城，健康生活”为主题的英语征文活动。请你以“The Green City，the Healthy Life”为题，根据表格中的图片及文字提示，简要描述并适当发表自己的观点，写一篇英语短文。主题绿色港城，健康生活做法骑车出行，减少空气污染；垃圾入箱，保持城市整洁；多种树木，保护自然环境。你的观点 (至少2条)注意：(1)词数90左右，短文开头已给出，不计入总词数；(2)文中不得提及考生所在学校及自己的姓名。The Green City，the Healthy Life As a citizen of Lianyungang，its our duty to One possible version:The Green City，the Healthy Life As a citizen of Lianyungang，its our duty to help build a green city so that we can live a healthy life. We can reduce air pollution by riding bicycles. Its better for us to put rubbish into the rubbish bin. In this way，we can keep our city clean. And wed better plant more trees to protect the natural environment. In my opinion，Ill try my best to make our city cleaner and more beautiful. Firstly，I can save water by taking shorter showers. Secondly，I can save energy by turning off the lights when I leave the room. In a word，everyone can do something to make a difference. (七)(2016浙江温州)假如你是Lingling，学校根据下表中新西兰来温暑期交流师生的意愿，决定安排他们去100公里外的许村游玩一天。但自行车来回路程需要89小时，权衡利弊，需调整这项内容，请你发邮件给对方带队老师Mr. Black做好说明、沟通工作。A One-day TourPreferred activity Learn about Chinese education See beautiful sights Learn about Chinese cultureYour idea： No Yes What is it? Preferred place A school A village A museumPreferred transportation On foot By bike By busOther needs No YesWhat is it?Taste some local food. 要求：(1)文中不能出现真实的人名、校名等相关信息；(2)文本长度：110词左右。开头和结尾已给出 (不计入总词数)。Dear Mr. Black，Im Lingling. My school asked us to make the one-day tour plan for you and we tried to make it best to your preferences，but Im afraid well have to make some changes. Looking forward to your reply. Best wishes. LinglingOne possible version:Dear Mr. Black，Im Lingling. My school asked us to make the one-day tour plan for you and we tried to make it best to your preferences，but Im afraid well have to make some changes. Well visit a mountain village called Xucun，which is very famous for its old houses，fantastic sights and delicious food. Im sure you will like it. However，it will take us about 8 to 9 hours to go and come back by bike. Even if we set out at 7：00 a. m. ，well get there at about 11：30. Going around the beautiful，cultural places，including some old houses all with a history of over 500 years，will take us at least 2 to 3 hours. Having lunch (local food and drinks) takes another hour. Whats more，its very hot here in summer. So we think taking a bus there will be a much better choice. Looking forward to your reply. Best wishes. Lingling(八)(2016浙江宁波)“传递爱心，服务他人”是文明社会所倡导的理念。狮子会 (the Lions) 就是一个以此为宗旨的国际性服务团体。杨敏是狮子会的一名成员，多年来她一直乐于助人。请根据提示用英语写一篇短文，向校刊的English World栏目投稿，简要介绍杨敏的事迹，然后谈谈你的观点和打算。Ready to help othersYang Minhelp others for yearsgo to the old peoples home twice a month (cut hair，wash clothes，do some cleaning)offer people umbrellas or raincoats on rainy daysyour opinion.your plan. 要求：1. 短文内容必须包含表格所提供的要点，可适当发挥；2. 文中不得出现真实的姓名、校名及地名；3. 词数：80100 (短文开头已给出，仅供选择使用，不计入总词数)。短文开头：From time to time，we are moved by the people and things around us. Yang Min is one of the persons I admire most. One possible version: From time to time，we are moved by the people and things around us. Yang Min is one of the persons I admire most. As a member of the Lions，she has been helping others for many years. She goes to the old peoples home twice a month to cut hair，wash clothes and do some cleaning for them. Besides，on rainy days she offers people umbrellas or raincoats for free. Im deeply moved by her story. Im going to start with small things around me. I plan to give books and clothes to children in poor villages. Whats more，Ill ask my parents and more friends to join me. Small action can make a big difference. Lets help those who need help!(九)(2016重庆)随着外国游客日益增多，未来科技馆决定选拔部分中学生在假期为他们提供英语讲解服务。科技馆需要应征者提交英文自荐信。假如你叫袁新，你有能力并希望成为一名讲解员。请按要求写一封自荐信。要求：1. 必须写出三点或以上的自荐理由；2. 词数：80120，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。参考要点：1. 擅长英语 (英语水平，沟通能力) ；2. 热爱科学 (科学知识，创新能力) ；3. Dear sir， Im a junior student from Chongqing Xinhua School. Id like to become one of your guides. I would be most thankful if you could give me the chance. Thank you!Yours，Yuan XinOne possible version:Dear sir， Im a junior student from Chongqing Xinhua School. Id like to become one of your guides. Ive learned English for 6 years. I spend a lot of my free time listening to English news and watching English movies，so Im good at English. That is to say，its not difficult for me to talk with people in English. I have been interested in science since I was a child. My favorite books are on science. Some new ideas often come out of my mind，which has encouraged me a lot. With these ideas，I have made some small inventions to make my life more comfortable. Besides，I feel like making friends with different people，no matter where they come from. Im sure that I will get along well with them. I would be most thankful if you could give me the chance. Thank you!Yours，Yuan Xin(十)(2016安徽)假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Jack来信，说他暑假期间要来中国交流学习。他学了两年中文，但是仍然担心用中文交流时会遇到困难。请你用英语给Jack写封回信，提几点建议，要点如下： 1. 大胆自信； 2. 放慢语速； 3. 借助图画或肢体语言等表达方式。注意：1. 词数80100；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3. 信中不能出现与本人相关的信息；4. 开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。参考词汇：自信的confident肢体语言body languageDear Jack， How is everything going?I am very glad to learn that you are coming to China this summer. Best wishes!Yours，Li HuaOne possible version:Dear Jack， How is everything going?I am very glad to learn that you are coming to China this summer. Its not necessary to worry about your Chinese. Id like to share my ideas，which I think might help. First，be brave enough to speak Chinese when you communicate with others. Its of great importance to be confident about yourself. We Chinese are very friendly so you neednt be afraid of making any mistakes. Second，its better to speak slowly and clearly. In this way you can make yourself understood more easily. Whats more，sometimes you can use drawings or pictures，and as you know，body language is also widely used across cultures and very often it really works. Best wishes!Yours，Li Hua(十一)(2016陕西)假如你是李明，你准备和父母周末去附近的村庄游玩。请根据提示语，给恰逢来你校交流学习的David写一封e-mail，邀请他一同前往。要求：1. 参考提示语，可适当发挥；2. 语句通顺，意思连贯，书写工整；3. 文中不得出现任何真实信息(姓名、校名和地名等)；4. 词数：不少于70词。(开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。)Dear David，How are you recently?Yours，Li MingOne possible version:Dear David，How are you recently?This weekend，my parents and I are going to a nearby village. Would you like to go with us?In the morning，we can feed animals. Then，we plan to pick fruit and vegetables in the fields. In the afternoon，well watch the villagers make tea. After that，we will learn to cook meals. In the evening，we can play games or chat with the people there. Im sure we will have a good time. Im looking forward to your reply. Yours，Li Ming(十二)(2016海南)假设你是李明。上周日你班举行了一次毕业聚会。请根据以下提示，给你的英国笔友Robert写一封邮件，向他描述聚会的情况及谈谈你当时的感受。要求：1. 语句通顺，意思连贯，语法正确，书写规范；2. 必须包含所给提示，并做适当发挥；3. 行文中不得出现真实人名、校名或地名；4. 词数80左右。(邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数)Hi Robert，We had a graduation party last Sunday. Do you have such a party?Please write soon. Yours，Li MingOne possible version:Hi Robert，We had a graduation party last Sunday. Long before 3：00 pm，all the students in my class couldnt wait to come to the hall. Our teachers and parents were invited to the party，too. First，our monitor made a speech. He thanked our teachers and parents sincerely. Next，we gave presents to each other. The most exciting moment was the show time. We sang，danced and played games. Our English teacher told a story which made us all laugh. Everyone was so happy. I think the wonderful party will always be in my mind. Do you have such a party?Please write soon. Yours，Li Ming(十三)(2016南京)假如你是在南京学习的英国交流学生Max，你的英国同学Simon给你写了一封电子邮件。请你根据邮件内容，用英语给Simon回一封电子邮件。Hey Max， I havent heard from you since you arrived in Nanjing. How are you getting on?Is everything OK with the school you study in?What are your English classes like? Write soon!Yours，Simon注意：1. 文中不得出现你的真实姓名和学校名称；2. 语言通顺，意思连贯，条理清楚，书写规范；3. 词数80左右，邮件的开头与结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。Hi Simon，Sorry I havent written till now. Yours，MaxOne possible version:Hi Simon， Sorry I havent written till now. Im really busy with the courses an