中考英语 第一部分 教材知识研究 八下 units 12习题 人教新目标版

我们在这里，召开私营企业家联谊会，借此机会，我代表成都市渝中工商局、渝中区私营企业协会，祝各位领导新年快乐、工作愉快、身体健康，祝各位企业家事业兴旺第一部分 教材知识研究八年级（下）Units 1-2（限时：60分钟满分：74分）一、完形填空 （15分）（2016舟山） Brittany Amano wants to make sure every child in the US has enough to eat.Brittany Amano, now 18, knew how it felt to go hungry. Her mother tried to find a _1_ in Honolulu, Hawaii to support the family. Her grandmother helped out as much as she could. But the family _2_ had to depend on a local food bank to live on, and for that she was _3_. When they lost their home, Amanos family had to live in a friends basement（地下室）. “I could feel _4_ hunger and homelessness influenced my family.” Amano told a reporter from TFK. “The experience made me want to give _5_ to others in the same situation.”In fourth grade, she and some of her friends started a food project. They _6_ $700 and collected 800 pounds of food. _7_ twelve, Amano set up the nonprofit（非盈利的）group Hawaiis Future Isnt Hungry. She hoped to raise $10，000 _8_ she finished high school. She ended up raising more than $500，000 in four years.With the _9_ collected, the nonprofit group, now called The Future Isnt Hungry, can offer fresh fruits, vegetables, and other _10_ foods to school kids on Fridays. This is to make sure that the kids and _11_ families have enough food to get them _12_ the weekend. So far, the effort has helped more than 75，000 people.In the fall of this year, Amano will _13_ Duke University, in North Carolina on a full scholarship. After graduation, she plans to return to Honolulu to _14_ to the city that gave her so much.“It doesnt matter if you help one million people _15_ just one person.” she says. “The smallest action can make a huge difference.”1. A. job B. club C. house D. school2. A. yet B. still C. just D. never3. A. careful B. helpful C. hopeful D. thankful4. A. why B. how C. what D. while5. A. hope B. choice C. surprise D. pleasure6. A. paid B. saved C. raised D. borrowed7. A. By B. At C. Until D. Below8. A. so B. since C. when D. if9. A. food B. clothes C. books D. money10. A. sweet B. healthy C. cheap D. delicious11. A. his B. her C. their D. our12. A. into B. across C. along D. through13. A. enter B. visit C. drop D. leave14. A. set off B. get down C. give back D. come up15. A. or B. as C. but D. and二、阅读理解 （14分）A（2016温州）Harmful microbes like bacteria, viruses and other germs are pathogens. They may enter your bodies and make you ill. The immune system is the bodys defence system that protects you from illness and disease caused by the pathogens.The immune system is made up of nonspecialized defences such as skin, tears and the acidic juice produced by the stomach, keeping you from the pathogens. It also has some highly specialized defences, which are different kinds of immune cells, grouped into phagocytes and lymphocytes. Phagocytes are a type of white blood cell. They are swimming around in your blood stream, always on the lookout for antigensthe pathogens that have entered your bodies. Whenever they see one, they will eat it. However, some antigens are hard to find and kill. Then lymphocytes, which are also white blood cells and the main types are B cells, T helper cells and T killer cells, will be the killers of the sneaky antigens.B cells, T helper and T killer cells work together to find and kill these antigens. B cells produce substances, called antibodies, which stick to the antigen. When that happens, it will tell the T helper cells to come over and either：1. help the B cells kill the antigen, or 2. call the phagocytes or T killer cells to move in for the kill. Once a B cell or a T cell attacks an antigen, they create cells to “remember” it. Those “memory cells” hang out in your blood and if they see the same antigen again, they quickly recognize it so your immune system can act faster at killing it.The immune system is more powerful than you probably imagine. Scientists from the University of Pennsylvania recently took immune cells from three patients with leukemia, then genetically changed them into “serial killer”cells to attack cancer cells. The study was small but the results were groundbreaking. The modified immune cells increased at least 1，000 times in the body and killed all the cancer cells. Therefore, more“memory cells”were created.The immune system can be developed. Eating lean protein food（beef, beans） and food rich in vitamins A, C, and E（sweet potatoes, carrots）, taking a 30minute walk every day and reducing your stress levels, etc. will help you achieve it. 1. What can the immune system do?A. Keep you from antibodies. B. Protect you against antigens.C. Make your bodies weak and sick. D. Help microbes enter your bodies.2. How are the sneaky antigens found and killed?A. Phagocytes, B, T helper and T killer cells work together.B. Skin, tears, acidic juice and immune cells work together.C. B cells create “memory cells” to swim around in the blood.D. B cells produce antibodies to tell T helper and T killer cells.3. What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to?A. The immune system can be made more powerful.B. Less antigens can be killed by the immune system.C. White blood cells act less quickly in the immune system.D. The immune system can be changed into the“serial killer”. 4. This article is mainly about_. A. the types of white blood cells B. a research report about human healthC. the cause of illness and disease D. an introduction to the immune systemB（2017原创）消防战士黄一飞A heavy rain hit Jingmen city from June 30th to July 1st and caused flood. Some living buildings were in water. People had to move to another safe place. 9yearold Jiajuns house was in water, too. The family were in danger. They had to move away. On July 1st, they found a raft（小筏子）and wanted to take it to a safe place. Unluckily, the raft sank on half way. Jiajun, Jiajuns grandmother and other two people fell into water. Five firefighters（消防员）saw the accident and they jumped into water quickly to rescue them. Nineteenyearold Huang Yifei, who has been a firefighter for about two years, grabbed（抓住）little Jiajun. But the water rushed quickly and Huang couldnt find a place to hold on. They floated on fast water about 500 meters away then they passed through a bridge. After that Huang saw a small tree that they could go close to. Huang told Jiajun to grab the tree tightly, but he himself only swam in water and waited to be saved. Jiajun told him that he wanted to be a firefighter when he grew up and that he believed they would be saved quickly. His words moved Huang and Huang hugged Jiajun tightly with his hands so that Jiajun could grab the little tree.At about 11：30 in the morning, Huang Yifei and little Jiajun were saved by another groups firefighters. Many people said thanks to Huang and his teammates. Huang said that he and his teammates were all proud of being firefighters because they could keep people safe. 1. The underlined word“it”refers to_. A. the raft B. the heavy rainC. Jiajuns house D. bridge2. There were_ people in the raft.A. two B. three C. four D. five3. What did Huang Yifei do when little Jiajun grabbed the small tree?A. He grabbed it too.B. He swam away.C. He went down under water.D. He swam in water.三、任务型阅读 （5分）（2016舟山模拟） 请给下文各段找出最合适的小标题（注意有一项为多余选项）。Volunteering is a great way to meet new people and learn new skills. But how to volunteer? Heres a guide for beginners. 1. _Do you want to help the world? Do you want to build your own skills, make new friends, or learn something? Do you love what you do? Do you want to share your gift with others or give something back? Think about these questions.They can help you choose the right volunteer work. 2._ Do you love to work with people or with animals, or with children, or with numbers? Do you love to speak or to write? Organizations need all kinds of skills. It is important that you choose something that you like. 3._ If you have already had a busy school life, just volunteer your time for an hour or two a week. You might be surprised how much you can do in a little time. Then, if you find you enjoy the work and have more time to do it, do it more often.4. _ Volunteer organizations sometimes have unfriendly people, difficult tasks and busy time. If you find your work boring, try to work through it before you decide to give up.5. _All in all, volunteer work is not only good for others but also good for yourself. You will be more kindhearted, more independent and more energetic after becoming a volunteer. Just take actions from now on.A. Think about why you want to volunteer.B. Get started and keep it as a habit.C. Try not to give up. D. Choose an organization that interests you. E. Start from small things.F. You can learn a lot from it. 四、词汇运用 （10分）（2017原创） In April this year, lots of bags full of small change（零钱）were seen at bus stops in Tianjin. They were made for 1_ （乘客）to turn their notes into small change. And such an 2_ （主意） came from four students from Tianjin Zhongbei Middle School. “People will surely feel 3_（担心）when they take a bus without change. We just want to do something to help 4_（他们） ，” said Wang Yongcun, 15, one of the four students. The four boys spent their whole weekend making the change bags. 5_（之后） that they went to count the number of the passengers at each bus stop near their school, and then chose the top six stops to put the bags. Many people think that the four boys have 6_（真正地）done a good job. But things didnt go as the boys had thought. Two days later, they found that the money was gone, and even the bags were taken away. It really made them sad but they would not give up. Their classmates and teachers came to help them in time. They put their pocket money in bags 7_（再一次）. And the teachers also taught them to make better change bags. They 8_（尝试 their best to do it. The four boys feel very happy 9_（因为）they have done something good for the passengers. Their kindness is really impressive. More and more people are joining in the activity. They understand that giving can bring us 10_（幸福）. 五、语法填空 （10分）（2016南京改编） How long does it take to build a new house? 1_ usually takes about six months or more. But each year, thousands of people work together to build new homes in just four months! Who does this 2_（wonder）work? Habitat for Humanity.Habitat for Humanity is a group 3_ builds homes for families in need. It has branches（分部）in different states around the country.This group works all over the world, too. Volunteers help build the homes. They are unpaid 4_（worker）who do all the work for free. Volunteers can be builders and painters. They 5_（be）teachers or bankers. Some are students. Habitat for Humanity has built more than 300, 000 houses. More than 1.5 million people live in these houses.Building a home is hard work. Volunteers learn how 6_（put） up walls. They use many machines and tools. These selfless（无私的）volunteers work with the family that will live in the house. Everyone works together 7_ make the familys dreams come true.Suruchi Srikanth 8_ （work）with Habitat for Humanity for four years. She began volunteering in high school. She has built many homes with other volunteers. She takes her responsibilities（责任） 9_（serious）. Volunteers know 10_ they dont help, homes may not get built. They are good citizens who care about other people.六、书面表达 （20分）（2016广东改编） 近来，中小学生的健康问题日益引起人们的关注。其中垃圾食品、电子游戏等是影响健康的重要因素，请以“Keep Healthy”为题谈谈你的看法。现象中小学生面临着许多健康问题建议如何做才能保持健康要求：1. 词数80100，开头已给出，不计入总词数。2. 语法正确，文理通顺、流畅，并适当发挥。参考词汇： junk food, be bad for, computer games, suggestions, stay away fromKeep HealthyToday, some students have several health p