高考英语二轮复习与策略 第1部分 专题4 任务型阅读 把握三个复习着手点讲练

系统掌握蕴含其中的马克思主义立场观点方法，要在系统学习、深刻领会、科学把握习近平教育思想上下功夫。精心组织开展学习宣传贯彻习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神知识问答活动。把握三个复习着手点学生在做任务型阅读时常遇到的困难是：难以理解文章结构与图表；难以用适当的单词或单词的适当形式填空；不会概括；方法不当，信心不足等。因此，在备考复习时要有的放矢地进行训练，特别要在以下几个方面注意积累经验。1学会查读(1)带着问题有意识地在细节处和关键处做标记；(2)留意最醒目的字眼(time，age，number，place.)；(3)依据信息词搜索所需要的内容。如：5WH：who，what，when，where，why，how；时间先后：first，then，after that，next，finally；因果：because，thus，lead to，caused by，as a result of；比较：similarly，differently，like，unlike，but，while，however，instead，on the contrary。2学会组织、表述信息(1)用名词所有格代替of。如：the citizens longer living代替the longer living of the citizens(2)词性转换。如：原文：Taking a gap year and going to university offer valuable experience in similar ways.转换成表格中：Similarities between taking a gap year and going to university.(3)句子结构转换。如：原文：One likely development will be a gradual change in the family unit；the other likely development will be a change in the proportion of the nations workforce.转换成三个词以内的名词短语：family unit change；workforce proportion change(注意抓住句子中传达主要信息的关键词)(4)另选其他词来释义。如：原文：.The ministry warned that thefts and robberies inside or near banks rose rapidly，with the victims mostly women and elderly people.It advised people not to take large amount of cash while travelling，especially during the approaching Spring Festival season，which always witnesses a large number of crimes.转换成表格中：Theft and robbery rose rapidly；women and elderly people were mostly targeted for；people were advised to avoid taking a large amount of cash.3学会归纳、概括原文第一段：By the end of this decade，more than half of the worlds population will live in cities.Urbanization brings many problems to almost every country in the world，among which energy is one of the most serious one.概括成题目：Title：Urbanization and Development复习时注意积累一些概括性的词汇，它们的特征是：(1)概括性，在最大限度上覆盖栏内信息；(2)针对性，不能太大也不能太小，量体裁衣，大小适度；(3)醒目性，注意措词。如：reason(s)，cause(s)，result(s)，effect(s)，consequence(s)，advice，suggestion(s)，opinion(s)，problem(s)，measure(s)，solution(s)，way(s)，form(s)，feature(s)，characteristics，type(s)，advantage(s)，disadvantage(s)，difference(s)，similarities，name(s)，age，time，costs，event(s)，purpose(s)等。A(2016江苏高考)请阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个词An Extension of the Human BrainOther people can help us compensate for our mental and emotional deficiencies(欠缺)，much as a wooden leg can compensate for a physical deficiency.To be exact，other people can extend our intelligence and help us understand and adjust our emotions.When another person helps us in such ways，he or she is participating in what Ive called a “social prosthetic (义肢的) system.”Such systems do not need to operate facetoface，and its clear to me that the Internet is expanding the range of my own social prosthetic systems.Its already a big bank of many minds.Even in its current state，the Internet has extended my memory and judgment.Regarding memory: Once I look up something on the Internet，I dont need to keep all the details for future useI know where to find that information again and can quickly and easily do so.More generally，the Internet functions as if it were my memory.This function of the Internet is particularly striking when Im writing; Im no longer comfortable writing if Im not connected to the Internet.Its become natural to check facts as I write，taking a minute or two to dip into PubMed，Wikipedia，or other websites.Regarding judgment：The Internet has made me smarter in matters small and large.For example，when Im writing a textbook，it has become second nature to check a dozen definitions of a key term，which helps me dig into the core and understand its meaning.But more than that，I now regularly compare my views with those of many others.If I have a “new idea，”I now quickly look to see whether somebody else has already thought of it，or something similarand I then compare what I think with what others have thought.This certainly makes my own views clearer.Moreover，I can find out whether my reactions to an event are reasonable enough by reading about those of others on the Internet.These effects of the Internet have become even more striking since Ive begun using a smartphone.I now regularly pull out my phone to check a fact，watch a video，read weibo.Such activities fill the spaces that used to be dead time(such as waiting for somebody to arrive for a lunch meeting)But thats the upside (好处)The downside is that in those dead periods I often would let my thoughts flow and sometimes would have an unexpected insight or idea.Those opportunities are now fewer and farther between.An Extension of the Human BrainA prosthetic natureThe 1._ can help make up for our mental and emotional deficiencies as a wooden leg can compensate for a bodily deficiency.It 2._ in our daily events，extending our intelligence，comprehending our feelings，and expanding the range of social activities.Wonderful aspects：memory and judgmentOn the Internet，we could quickly and easily locate the details，and check facts，without 3._ them in mind.The Internet makes us smarter over 4._ kinds of things.It provides a dozen definitions of a key term for us to find the 5._ of the matter.The Internet enables us to exchange ideas with many others to 6._ our claims，and to 7._ our actions.The 8._sides of smartphonesSmartphones make it easier and more 9._ to check reality，watch video clips，read weibo.Smartphones 10._ the possibility for new and insightful minds，and steal away our dead time.【答案】1.Internet2.participates/joins3.keeping4.all/different/various5.heart/core 6check7.judge8.mixed/two9.convenient 10reduce 【导学号：57732030】B请阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最适当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。Everybody sweats.Sweating normally occurs when a person becomes too hot or in reaction to emotions such as nervousness, anxiety, fear, and anger. But some people sweat a lot without being hot，nervous，or anxious.This is called hyperhidrosis (多汗) which may be very uncomfortable and embarrassing. This even causes some people to avoid social situations.Most often, hyperhidrosis is caused by overactive sweat glands (汗腺) and occurs without any other medical condition. This is called primary hyperhidrosis. Anxiety and nervousness can make sweating worse in many people. A small number of people have secondary hyperhidrosis, which is abnormal sweating due to another condition including cancer, infections, Parkinsons disease, stroke, etc. Its best to see your doctor to find out why you have so much sweating.Chinese medicine and acupuncture(针刺疗法)can help reduce it. Traditional Chinese Medicine works by correcting imbalances in the body. Treating the imbalance does not just treat the symptoms or mask the condition, but rather corrects the root of the problem by encouraging selfhealing of the body. By correcting the underlying imbalance, you can experience better results. Acupuncture makes the body heal itself by activating and deactivating parts of the brain. This is possibly how it controls sweating. Sweating is controlled by a part of the brain called the hypothalamus. Acupuncture has been shown to activate the hypothalalmus to decrease pain. Its possible that it also works to control hyperhidrosis through this part of the brain.The two most important choices for you to do on your own are eating right and relaxing. According to Chinese Medicine, eating right is simple. Choose local organic seasonal foods and try not to consume fatty and spicy food.Its also important to cook your foods and not eat too much salad and cold food, which is harder to digest and harder to absorb the energy from.Another important choice is doing something to relax the body and the mind. Breathing techniques are great relaxation. They work with the brain to bring quiet and peace, which can help reduce the amount of sweating. Also, qi gong, yoga, and tai chi can help naturally clam the body, mind, and spirit.If you have hyperhidrosis, there is hope. Practice these tips on your own and youll feel better in both mind and body. Also, find an acupuncturist in your area to see if they have experience with this condition.TitleHyperhidrosis11._Sweating a lot without being hot, nervous, or anxious.DisadvantagesMaking the person feel uncomfortable and 12._Causing some people to avoid social situations.13._Primary hyperhidrosisCaused by overactive sweat glands.14._ by anxiety and nervousness.Secondary hyperhidrosisCaused by cancer, infections, Parkinsons disease, stroke, etc.TreatmentTraditional Chinese MedicineCorrecting the underlying imbalances in the body by encouraging 15._ of the body.16._Activating and deactivating parts of the brain to control hyperhidrosis.17_Eating rightChoose local organic seasonal foods.Try to 18._ fatty and spicy food.Cook your foods.Dont eat too much salad and cold food.19_,Use breathing techniques to bring quiet and peace.Engage in qi gong, yoga, and tai chi to naturally 20._ the body, mind, and spirit.【答案】11.Definition12.embarrassed13.Types14.Worsened 15.selfhealing16.Acupuncture17.Tips18.avoid19.Relaxing20.calmC请阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。It doesnt matter if books are delivered in print or by smart phone; the main thing is to get lost in reading them. Reading books is vital for human development.Why should we bother reading a book? All children say this occasionally. Many of the 12 million adults in Britain with reading difficulties repeat it to themselves daily. In a world of accelerating technology, increasing time poverty and decreasing attention, should they invest precious time sinking into a good book?The discovery that our brains are physically changed by the experience of reading is something many of us will understand instinctively (本能地), as we think back to the way an extraordinary book had a transformative effect on the way we viewed the world. This transformation only takes place when we lose ourselves in a book, abandoning the emotional and mental chatter of the real world. Thats why studies have found this kind of deep reading makes us more sensitive to the inner lives of others.Rationally，we know that reading is the foundation stone of all education, and therefore an essential basis of the knowledge economy. So reading isor should bean aspect of public policy. But perhaps even more significant is its emotional role as the starting point for individual voyages of personal development and pleasure. Books can open up emotional, imaginative and historical landscapes that equal and extend the corridors (走廊) of the web. They can help create and strengthen our sense of self. If reading were to decline significantly, it would change the very nature of our species. If we,