高中英语 unit 3 under the sea单元质量评估 新人教版选修

系统掌握蕴含其中的马克思主义立场观点方法，要在系统学习、深刻领会、科学把握习近平教育思想上下功夫。精心组织开展学习宣传贯彻习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神知识问答活动。单元质量评估(三)时间：100分钟分数：120分第卷第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。AIn the 19th century Americans from the eastern states moved out west to settle in the rich new land along the Pacific Coast.The most difficult part of their trip was crossing the “Great American Desert” in the western part of the United States.The western desert can be very dangerous.There is little water and there are few trees.But the desert also has scenery of great beauty.Tall towers of red and yellow stones rise sharply from the flat，sandy valley floor.At Lake Powell，the red stone arch (弓形) of Rainbow Bridge rises high above the blue lake.Many areas of Lake Powells shore can only be reached by boat or on foot.But hikers sometimes find very old native American pictures，painted on the rocks.In Death Valley，California，the summer temperature rises to 130165 degrees Fahrenheit.There is less than two inches of rain each year.In the 1800s，many travellers died when they tried to cross this waterless valley in the terrible heat.Although the desert is dry and seems empty，there is plenty of life if you look closely.Small insects，snakes，and rats have learned to live underground and come out at night when it is cool.Plants like cacti (仙人掌) which need very little water live here.When it rains，such plants grow quickly，and flowers open in a single day.For a short time，the desert is covered with brilliant colours.Modern visitors to the Great American Desert dont have the same problems as early travellers had.They have air conditioning and can carry plenty of water in their cars.They enjoy the change from the crowded city.And there is nothing more beautiful than the colour of a desert sunset.【语篇解读】介绍了美国大沙漠的情况。虽然干旱少雨，但是却也有生命存在。1In the 19th century，when the Americans moved from the east to the west，they must go through _Athe comfortable Pacific CoastBthe attractive sceneryCthe suitable placeDthe terrible desert解析：推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句和第二段第一句可知，他们必须穿越一个条件很恶劣的沙漠。答案：D2The fifth paragraph mainly tells us that _Aonly those plants which need no water can live in the dry landBalthough the desert is very dry，therere still some animals and plants in the desertCit rains once or twice each year averagely in the desertDtravellers can often see that the desert is covered with brilliant colours解析：段落大意题。文章第五段主要讲了尽管沙漠干旱，但总有一些动植物生长在那里。答案：B3Which of the following can be learned from the passage?AThere are many kinds of wildlife in Death Valley.BTravellers may possibly see some pictures at Lake Powell.CThe temperature is always 130165 degrees Fahrenheit in Death Valley.DRats can live in the desert and come out even at hot nights.解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句可知，游人有时在鲍威尔湖的岩石上能够看到古老的美国土著画。答案：B4Which of the following is NOT a feature of Death Valley?AHot.BDeadly.CWaterless. DLifeless.解析：推理判断题。根据第四段对死亡谷的描述可知A、B、C三项在文中均提到了。在第五段中也提到这里虽然干旱、少雨，但还是有一些植物生长在这里，因此lifeless(无生命的)不是死亡谷的特征。答案：DBAfter giving a talk at a high school，I was asked to pay a visit to a special student.An illness had kept the boy home，but he had expressed an interest in meeting me.I was told it would mean a great deal to him，so I agreed.During the ninemile drive to his home，I found out something about Matthew.He had muscular dystrophy (肌肉萎缩症)When he was born，the doctor told his parents that he would not live to five，and then they were told he would not make it to ten.Now he was thirteen.He wanted to meet me because I was a goldmedal power lifter，and I knew about overcoming obstacles and going for my dreams.I spent over an hour talking to Matthew.Never_once did_he complain or_ask，“Why_me？” He spoke about winning and succeeding and going for his dreams.Obviously，he knew what he was talking about.He didnt mention that his classmates had made fun of him because he was different.He just talked about his hopes for the future，and how one day he wanted to lift weights with me.When we finished talking，I went to my briefcase and pulled out the first gold medal I had won and put it around his neck.I told him he was more of a winner and knew more about success and overcoming obstacles than I ever would.He looked at it for a moment，then took it off and handed it back to me.He said，“You are a champion.You earned that medal.Some day when I get to the Olympics and win my own medal，I will show it to you.”Last summer I received a letter from Matthews parents telling me that Matthew had passed away.They wanted me to read a letter he had written to me a few days before：Dear Dick，My mum said I should send you a thankyou letter for the picture you sent me.I also want to let you know that the doctors tell me that I dont have long to live any more，but I still smile as much as I can.I told you some day that I would go to the Olympics and win a gold medal，but I know now I will never get to do that.However，I know Im a champion，and God knows that too.When I get to Heaven，God will give me my medal and when you get there，I will show it to you.Thank you for loving me.Your friend，Matthew【语篇解读】作者去拜访一个身体残疾，但是对生活充满了美好愿望的男孩。5The boy looked forward to meeting the author because _Ahe was also good at weight liftingBhe wanted to get to the Olympics and win a medalChe was one of the authors friendsDhe admired the author very much解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的最后一句可知，马修非常钦佩作者本人。答案：D6The underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 probably means that the boy never complained _Aabout how unlucky he was to have this diseaseBabout not being able to go to schoolCwhy the author had never come to see him beforeDabout not getting a medal解析：细节理解题。从第三段的内容可知，马修一直向往着成功，与作者谈论的都是关于如何成功的，而从来没有抱怨过得这种病的人为什么是他。答案：A7From the passage we learn that _AMatthew was an athleteBMatthew was an optimistic and determined boyCthe author used to have the same disease as Matthew hadDMatthew became a champion in Olympics解析：推理判断题。本文主要是想向大家介绍一个身残志坚、积极乐观的小男孩。答案：BCSpinning (动感单车) was created by worldclass cyclist Jonathan Goldberg as a convenient and quick way to train for races.In 1989，he and John Baudhuin opened the first spinning centre in Santa Monica，California and then developed a programme to certify (授予合格证书) other spinning instructors.Curious to know about this spinning thing? The following information will help you decide if its for you.Spinning is an aerobic (有氧的) exercise that takes place on a specially designed stationary (固定的) bicycle called a spinning bike.As you pedal，music plays and the instructor talks you through an imagination of an outdoor cycling workout：“Youre going up a long hill now.” During the class you vary your pacesometimes pedaling as fast as you can，other times pedaling slowly from a standing position.Spinning burns serious calories and makes your heart pump fast.It also strengthens your muscles.Although you follow the general instructions of the spinning teacher，you are in control when it comes to your pace.You can finish a spin class，regardless of your pace.You can finish a spin class，regardless of your fitness level simply by adjusting your pace.Equipment needed：Other than the bike，heres what you need for a safe，comfortable ride：A pair of comfortable shoes.Two towels，one for wiping away sweat and one for covering the handlebars so your hands wont slide out of position.A full water bottle，because youre going to sweat.Most spinning bikes are equipped with a water bottle cage so you can place your water within easy reach.Hot Tip：Arrive five minutes early for your first class so your instructor can answer any questions and help you with bike adjustments.Make sure you let him/her know about any injuries that you have so he/she can help you change some of the moves.During class，be sure to let your instructor know if you are having trouble with the general technique.If the class is too hard，just pedal more slowly.【语篇解读】文章介绍了动感单车的发展以及对人类的益处。8What was Goldbergs original purpose in creating spinning?ATo certify spinning instructors.BTo prepare for sports events.CTo strengthen muscles.DTo improve fitness level.解析：细节理解题。由文章开头第一句话可知，戈德堡最初发明动感单车是为比赛而准备的一种简单快捷的训练方式。答案：B9Which of the following is NOT the necessity needed for spinning?ATowels. BA water bottle.CComfortable shoes. DEarphones.解析：细节理解题。文章倒数第二、三、四段提到了A、B、C三项，D项没有提到。答案：D10What can we learn from the passage? ASpinning is as difficult as climbing a hill. BYou decide for yourself the pace of pedaling. CPedaling fast is likely to cause injuries. DPlaying music will disturb you in spinning.解析：推理判断题。由第三段第三句及最后一段最后一句可以推断出踩踏板的速度是由练习者自己决定的。答案：B11. What is the best title for the passage? ASpinning your way to good health BWorldclass cyclist jonathan goldberg CA new form of aerobic exercise DEquipment needed for spinning解析：主旨大意题。B、D两项仅仅提到文章中的一部分；C项太含糊，读者看过标题之后依然会困惑。A项既提到了spinning，又提到了它对健康有好处，使读者一目了然。答案：ADPygmalion is a drama in which Shaw has made sentiments one of the principle themes of discussion.The Greek sculptor Pygmalion carved a statue and fell in love with it.Aphrodite (the goddess of love) turned the statue into a living woman named Galatea，who then became Pygmalions wife.The Shavian Pygmalion is Henry Higgins，a professor of phonetics，who picks up a flower girl，Eliza Doolittle，teaches her to speak as educated people do，and then successfully passes_her_off_as a duchess.But she is a human being and cannot be treated as a machine.In the course of all his experiments and exhibitions，the professor only thinks of his own skill success and failure，but never stops to consider how the girl feels.When the experiment is over，he has a profound sense of relief that he has achieved triumph and has won his bet.Even now，the sentiment of the girl is of no account.The girl naturally protests against this dehumanized relationship between her and her teacher.She hurls the professors slippers at him when he wants them and then leaves his place.But evidently，she has begun to feel for the professor and wants also to be felt for.Now the question is what is the nature of Elizas feelings for the professor with whom she has lived in close association for so long? In the last act，the girl says she would not marry him even if he had proposed (求婚) to her.The professor，curiously ineffectual (无效的) to sexual emotions，does not love any girl because he finds them to be rivals (对手) to his own mother.He wonders，if Eliza does not want to marry him，then what does she want from him? Old Mrs Higgins，who knows much about a woman says that it would have been better if he had thanked her and petted her and told her how wonderful she had been.Then perhaps she would not have fought with him.Every girl loves to be loved.Eliza herself says that she loves Freddy and he also loves her.Professor Higgins，however，remains as ever，an old bachelor.【语篇解读】文章介绍了伟大作家萧伯纳的著名小说卖花女。12Who wrote Pygmalion?AAphrodite. BBernard Shaw.CGalatea. DHenry Higgins.解析：根据第一段第一句可知。答案：B13What does the underlined phrase “pass her off as” mean?ALet her pretend to be.BDress her up as.CMake her become. DTurn into.解析：亨利教会伊莱扎说话技巧并使她成功地冒充了公爵夫人，所以pass her off as是“冒充”而不是真的成为。答案：A14What kind of person do you think Higgins is according to the second paragraph?AHe is a kind man.BHe is a considerate man.CHe is a selfish man.DHe is a rude man.解析：从“.never stops to consider how the girl feels”和“.she has begun to feel for the professor and wants also to be felt for.”可以看出亨利只在乎实验的成败，而不关心实验对象的内心感受。所以是个自私的人。答案：C15Whats the main idea of this text?AIts about the story between Shaw and Pygmalion.BIts about the Greek sculptor Pygmalion and his statue.CIts about the content of a drama Pygmalion.DIts about the love story of Higgins and Eliza.解析：本文介绍了萧伯纳的喜剧作品Pygmalion(卖花女)。答案：C第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Recently some American scientists have given a useful piece of advice to people in industrialized nations.They say people should eat more of the same kind of food eaten by humans living more than 10，000 years ago. _16_The scientists say that the human life has changed greatly.Our bodies have not been able to deal with these changes in lifestyle and this had led to new kinds of sicknesses. _17_ So they are called “disease of civilization”Many cancers and diseases of blood systems are examples of such diseases.Scientists noted that people in both the Old Stone Age and the New Stone Age enjoyed very little alcohol or tobacco，probably none. _18_ However，a change in food is one of the main differences between life in ancient times and that of today.Stone Age people hunted wild animals for their meat.which had much less fat than domestic ones.They ate a lot of fresh wild vegetables and fruits.They did not have milk or any other dairy products and they made very little use of grains. _19_ We eat six times more salt than our ancestors (祖先)We eat more sugar.We eat twice as much fat but only one third as much protein and much less vitamin C._20_ But scientists say that we would be much healthier if we eat much the same way as our ancestors did，cutting the amount of fatty，salty and sweet food.AThese new sicknesses were not known in ancient times.BPeople today probably do not want to live the way people thousands of years ago did.CAncient people also lived in large groups.DBut today，we eat a lot of these.EAncient people also got a great deal of physical exercise.FIn that case，they would live much healthier.GPeople today probably live the same life as people thousands of years ago did.答案：16.F17.A18.E19.D20.B第二部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。A person may have an idea about himself that will prevent him from doing good work.He may have the belief that he is not capable (有能力的) of it.A child may think he is _21_ because he doesnt understand how to make the _22_ of his mental faculties (才能)Older people may be mistaken that they are incapable of learning new things because of their _23_A person who believes that he is incapable will not make a real _24_ because he feels that it would be useless.He wont go at a job with the confidence necessary for _25_，and he wont work his hardest way，even though he may think he is doing so.He is _26_ likely to fail，and the failure will _27_ his belief in his incompetence (无能)Alfred Alder，a famous doctor，had _28_ like this.When he was a small boy，he had a poor _29_ in maths.His teacher told his parents he had no ability in maths in order that they would not _30_ too much of him.In his way，they two _31_ the idea.He accepted _32_ mistaken thinking of his ability，felt that it was useless _33_ and he was very poor at maths, _34_ as they expected.One day he worked at a problem which _35_ of the other students had been able to solve.Alder _36_ in solving the problem.This gave him confidence.He now _37_ with interest，determination and purpose，and he soon became especially good at maths.He not only _38_ that he could learn maths well，but luckily he learnt _39_ in his life from his own experience that if a person goes at a job with determination and purpose，he may _40_ himself as well as others by his ability.【语篇解读】通过阿尔弗烈德从数学白痴到数学天才的人生故事告诉我们，做什么事情要全力以赴，带着信心和目的去做，就会有意想不到的结果。21A.cleverBshyCuseless Dstupid解析：A、B两项不符合本文主旨。从该句的mental faculties一词可知是认为自己笨，而不是无用。答案：D22A.biggest BmostChighest Ddeepest解析：make full use of/make the best of/make the most of充分利用。答案：B23A.ability BageCbrain Dknowledge解析：和前面的older搭配用age。答案：B24A.decision BsuccessCeffort Dtrouble解析：认为自己在某方面缺乏天赋的人往往不会在这一方面真正投入精力，因为他认为做了等于白做还不如不去努力。从下文的事例也可推知答案。答案：C25A.work BstudyCimprovement Dsuccess解析：自信是成功的必备因素。necessary for success作定语，修饰confidence。答案：D26A.truly BreallyChowever Dtherefore解析：不认真工作缺乏信心，失败也是理所当然。故选therefore。答案：D27A.lead to BstrengthenCincrease Dadd to解析：多次失败往往会使人形成一种错误的认识，更加认为自己在某方面真的无能。在此之前他已经形成此观点，故A不选。答案：B28A.an experience Ban exampleCa thought Da story解析：作者以阿尔弗烈德为例就是因为阿尔弗烈德曾经有过和本文所讲的同样的经历。答案：A29A.state BmindCstart Dending解析：从a small boy可知是回忆数学启蒙时候的事情。答案：C30A.blame BexpectCget Dwin解析：和下文的“as they expected”相呼应。老师认为他在数学上没什么天赋体现出老师对他在数学方面的期望值不高，告诉家长不要指望其儿子在数学方面有什么成就。答案：B31A.developed BorganizedCdiscovered Dfound解析： 在听了老师的看法之后，家长也就自然对儿子形成了一种新的认识。organized/found一般指建立某机构；C不符合文意。故选A。答案：A32A.his BherCits Dtheir解析：照应上一句中的“they two”。答案：D33A.managing BsucceedingCtrying Dacting解析：既然老师和父母都认为自己不行，自己肯定不行在数学上先天不足再努力也没用。try努力。答案：C34A.only BalmostCjust Dthen解析： 因为没有用功所以学得很差，这种结果刚好和老师和家长的看法一致。答案：C35A.none BnoCno one Dnobody解析：只有none后可以接of短语。答案：A36A.gave BsucceededCfailed Dbelieved解析： 根据下文“他有了信心”可以得出他成功地解决了这个问题。而且考查了succeed in doing sth。答案：B37A.lived BworkedCplayed Dgraduated解析：此句表示他目前的状况，可将句子补全：He now worked at maths with interest，determination and purpose。答案：B38A.made BtookCexpected Dproved解析：用自己的经历证明了一个道理。答案：D39A.early BdeeplyClate Dsimple解析：从自己的经历他悟出了一个道理，用deeply才能表达出悟出道理这个漫长的过程。答案：B40A.encourage BloveCastonish Ddisappoint解析：从一个数学白痴到数学天才当然会让人“astonish”。答案：C第卷第二部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。There was a boy who was sent to a boarding school.He used to be 41._ brightest student in his class.He was at the top in every 42._ (compete)But things 43._ (change) when he came to the new school.His grades