高考英语冲刺导练（10）

“讲忠诚、严纪律、立政德”三者相互贯通、相互联系。忠诚是共产党人的底色，纪律是不能触碰的底线，政德是必须修炼的素养。永葆底色、不碰底线天津市耀华中学2017届高考英语冲刺导练（10） 【读写应用综合训练】一、完形填空Cloze test 10 说明文 -1 政德才能立得稳、立得牢。要深入学习贯彻习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想特别是习近平总书记关于“立政德”的重要论述，深刻认识新时代立政德的重要性和紧迫性。In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one. The 36 is that countries around the world have growing mountains of 37 because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.How did we 38 a throwaway society? First of all, it is now easier to 39 an object than to spend time and money to repair it. 40 modern manufacturing (制造业) and technology, companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively. Products are plentiful and 41 . Another cause is our 42 of disposable (一次性的) products. As 43 people, we are always looking for 44 to save time and make our lives easier. Companies 45 thousands of different kinds of disposable products: paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few. Our appetite for new products also 46 to the problem. We are 47 buying new things. Advertisements persuade us that 48 is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. The result is that we 49 useful possessions to make room for new ones. All around the world, we can see the 50 of this throwaway lifestyle. Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger. To 51 the amount of rubbish and to protect the 52 , more governments are requiring people to recycle materials. 53 , this is not enough to solve our problem. Maybe there is another way out. We need to repair our possessions 54 throwing them away. We also need to rethink our attitudes about 55 . Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.36. A. key B. reason C. project D. problem37. A. gifts B. rubbish C. debt D. products38. A. face B. become C. observe D. change39. A. hide B. control C. replace D. withdraw40. A. Thanks to B. As to C. Except for D. Regardless of41. A. safe B. funny C. cheap D. powerful42. A. love B. lack C. prevention D. division43. A. sensitiveB. kind C. brave D. busy44. A. ways B. places C. jobs D. friends45. A. donate B. receive C. produce D. preserve46. A. adapts B. returns C. responds D. contributes47. A. tired of B. addicted to C. worried aboutD. ashamed for48. A. newer B. stronger C. higher D. larger49. A. pick up B. pay for C. hold onto D. throw away50. A. advantages B. purposes C. functions D. consequences51. A. show B. record C. decrease D. measure52. A. technology B. environment C. consumers D. brands53. A. However B. Otherwise C. Therefore D. Meanwhile54. A. by B. in favour of C. after D. instead of55. A. spending B. collecting C. repairing D. advertising 二、阅读理解Reading 1 Practising key kills 5 -1 5意图态度 Purpose & Attitude （1）关于作者意图、观点或态度题是指针对作者的写作意图、观点态度和对事件的评价设问的阅读理解题目。作者在文章中不仅客观地进行叙述和说明，往往还持有某种态度，如对某一观点或赞同或反对，或肯定或批评。因此这类题主要考查学生对作者的观点、感情、态度、写作目的和意图的理解能力。作者的观点和态度除了直接表达外，还经常在文章中间接表达出来。考生可以通过全文的叙述，从文章的主要内容去理解作者的观点；有时作者也会在文章中用特殊的词汇表达自己的思想感情。要从文章中的用词、语气或对某个细节的陈述来推断作者的态度、观点等。作者态度观点题考查目标比较明确，题干一般都含有accordingtothewriter,attitude,opinion,believe,consider,regard等词或短语。这类题目除了考查作者在整篇文章中所表现的态度和写作意图外，有的还考查作者对具体的某个人或事物的态度或评价。此类题型的主要提问方式如下：1) What is the purpose of the text?The purpose of the passage is to . 2) What is the opinion of the writer in this passage? 3) Whats the authors attitude towards? 4) Who are the intended readers of the passage? 5) What does the author mean by saying “”? 6) From theparagraph, what do you think the author wants to tell us? 7) In the authors opinion, .?8) The authors tone would be best described as . 9) What is the authors opinion of .?10) What is the authors main purpose in the passage?作者观点态度题的解题方法：作者的态度和立场一般分为三大类：支持、赞同、乐观；客观、中立；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。同学们除了可以通过在文中寻找带有感情色彩的词来判断作者的态度外，有时还需要综合运用一些阅读方法，如：根据文章中与问题相关的细节做出判断，根据作者提供的例证推断其暗示的态度、观点，有时还需要同学们通读全文并把握文章的主旨，最后做出正确选择。一定要以原文为依据，不代入个人臆断，要客观不要主观。 Passage A At thirteen, I was diagnosed with a kind of attention disorder. It made school difficult for me. When everyone else in the class was focusing on tasks, I could not.In my first literature class, Mrs. Smith asked us to read a story and then write on it, all within 45 minutes. I raised my hand right away and said, “Mrs. Smith, you see, the doctor said I have attention problems. I might not be able to do it.”She glanced down at me through her glasses, “you are no different from your classmates, young man.”I tried, but I didnt finish the reading when the bell rang. I had to take it home.In the quietness of my bedroom, the story suddenly all became clear to me. It was about a blind person, Louis Braille. He lived in a time when the blind couldnt get much education. But Louis didnt give up. Instead, he invented a reading system of raised dots, which opened up a whole new world of knowledge to the blind.Wasnt I the “blind” in my class, being made to learn like the “sighted” students? My thoughts spilled out and my pen started to dance. I completed the task within 40 minutes. Indeed, I was no different from others; I just needed a quieter place. If Louis could find his way out of his problems, why should I ever give up?I didnt expect anything when I handled in my paper to Mrs. Smith, so it was quite a surprise when it came back to me the next daywith an “A” on it. At the bottom of the paper were these words:“ See what you can do when you keep trying?”36. The author didnt finish the reading in class because _. A. He was new to the classB. He was tired of literature C. He had an attention disorderD. He wanted to take the task home37. What do we know about Louis Braille from the passage? A. He had good sightB. He made a great invention. C. He gave up readingD. He learned a lot from school38.What was Mrs. Smiths attitude to the author at the end of the story? A. AngryB. ImpatientC. SympatheticD. Encouraging39. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The disabled should be treated with respect.B. A teacher can open up a new world to students. C. One can find his way out of difficulties with efforts. D. Everyone needs a hand when faced with challenges.Passage B Science has a lot of uses. It can uncover laws of nature, cure diseases, make bombs, and help bridges to stand up. Indeed science is so good at what it does that theres always a temptation (诱惑) to drag it into problems where it may not be helpful. David Brooks, author of The Social Animal: The Hidden Sources of Love, Character, and Achievement, appears to be the latest in a long line of writers who have failed to resist the temptation.Brooks gained fame for several books. His latest book The Social Animal, however, is more ambitious and serious than his earlier books. It is an attempt to deal with a set of weighty topics. The book focuses on big questions: What has science revealed about human nature? What are the sources of character? And why are some people happy and successful while others arent?To answer these questions, Brooks surveys a wide range of disciplines (学科). Considering this, you might expect the book to be a dry recitation of facts. But Brooks has structured his book in an unorthodox (非常规的), and perhaps unfortunate, way. Instead of introducing scientific theories, he tells a story, within which he tries to make his points, perhaps in order to keep the readers attention. So as Harold and Erica, the hero and heroine in his story, live through childhood, we hear about the science of child development and as they begin to date we hear about the theory of sexual attraction. Brooks carries this through to the death of one of his characters.On the whole, Brooks story is acceptable if uninspired. As one would expect, his writing is mostly clear and, to be fair, some chapters stand out above the rest. I enjoyed, for instance, the chapter in which Harold discovers how to think on his own. While Harold and Erica are certainly not strong or memorable characters, the more serious problems with The Social Animal lie elsewhere. These problems partly involve Brooks attempt to translate his tale into science.67. The author mentions the functions of science at the beginning of the passage to _. A. illustrate where science can be appliedB. demonstrate the value of Brooks new book C. remind the reader of the importance of scienceD. explain why many writers use science in their works68. According to the author, which of the following could be a strength of the book? A. Its strong basis.B. Its convincing points. C. Its clear writing.D. Its memorable characters.69. What is the authors general attitude towards the book? A. Contradictory.B. Supportive.C . Cautious.D. Critical.70. What is the author likely to write about after the last paragraph? A. Problems with the book.B. Brooks life experience. C. Death of the characters.D. Brooks translation skills. Passage C Honesty, my mum always used to tell me, is the best policy. Of course, this didnt include her when she told me that if I didnt eat all my vegetables Father Christmas would find out and wouldnt give me any presents.But when it comes to medicine, I had assumed it was important to always be honest with my patients. After all, the doctor patient-relationship is based on trust, and therefore honesty is essential. Or so I thought.I had just started working in geriatrics (老年病科). Mr. McMahon was brought in when his belly was found very swollen. I took a medical history from his daughter whod accompanied him in the ambulance. Shed been his main carer for years. I stood looking at him as she gave a detailed history. “Has he lost any weight recently?” I asked, “Well, its funny you should mention that, but yes,” she said slowly. There was silence for a few moments. “Why? What are you worried about?” she asked. I hesitated. She was obviously very involved in his care and it was only fair that I told her the truth. “Well, we need to prove its not cancer,” I said and talked briefly about some of the tests I was going to order.Half an hour later, a nurse called me: “Mr. McMahons daughter broke down she said you told her he had cancer.” My heart sank. By the time I arrived at the ward, my consultant was already there, explaining that we still had to run lots of tests and that it was by no means confirmed that he had cancer. I stood silently at the end of the bed. My consultant was obviously angry with me and as we left Mr. McMahon, she turned to me. “Why on earth did you do that? ” she asked in disbelief. I looked at her and bit my lip. “She asked me what I was worried about and I told her.” I said, hanging my head. “And give her more to worry about?” replied my consultant. “You dont say the word cancer until its confirmed. Even if you suspect it, think very carefully before you tell people.”As it turned out, it wasnt cancer. But I did learn that when someone is stressed and worried about their loved one theyre sometimes selective in what they hear and as a doctor its important to be mindful of this. In being truthful, Id made the situation worse.51. The purpose of the first two paragraphs is to show that the author _.A. misunderstood the doctor-patient relationshipB. was anxious to receive Christmas giftsC. regarded honesty as the best policyD. had an unhealthy eating habit52. The authors consultant was angry with him because _.A. he told the daughter what he suspectedB. he delayed running the necessary testsC. he failed to confirm the parents disease D. he forgot what the consultant had advised53. The author hung his head (the underlined part in Para.4) because he was feeling _ .A. guilty B. hurt C. disappointed D. helpless54. What lesson has the author learnt from his experience?A. Learning from parents is necessary.B. Jumping to a conclusion is dangerous.C. Telling the truth may not always be the best solution.D. Selecting pleasant words may not be the perfect policy. Passage D People arent walking any moreif they can figure out a way to avoid it.I felt superior about this matter until the other day I took my car to mail a small parcel. The journey is a matter of 281 steps. But I used the car. And I wasnt in a hurry, either, I had merely become one more victim of a national sickness: motorosis.It is an illness to which I had thought myself immune (免疫的), for I was bred in the tradition of going to places on my own two legs. At that time, we regarded 25 miles as a good days walk and the ability to cover such a distance in ten hours as a sign of strength and skill. It did not occur to us that walking was a hardship. And the effect was lasting. When I was 45 years old I racedand beata teenage football player the 168 steps up the Statue of Liberty.Such enterprises today are regarded by many middle-aged persons as bad for the heart. But a well-known British physician, Sir Adolphe Abrahams, pointed out recently that hearts and bodies need proper exercises. A person who avoids exercises is more likely to have illnesses than one who exercises regularly. And walking is an ideal form of exercisethe most familiar and natural of all.It was Henry Thoreau who showed mankind the richness of going on foot. The man walking can learn the trees, flowers, insects, birds and animals, the significance of seasons, the very feel of himself as a living creature in a living world, He cannot learn in a car.The car is a convenient means of transport, but we have made it our way of life. Many people dont dare to approach Nature any more; to them the world they were born to enjoy is all threat. To them security is a steel river thundering on a concrete road. And much of their thinking takes place while waiting for the traffic light to turn green.I say that the green of forests is the minds best light. And none but the man on foot can evaluate what is basic and everlasting.51. What is the national sickness? A. Walking too muchB. Traveling too much C. Driving cars too muchD. Climbing stairs too much.52. What was life like when the author was young? A. People usually went around on foot.B. People often walked 25 miles a day C. People used to climb the Statue of Liberty.D. People considered a ten-hour walk as a hardship.53. The author mentions Henry Thoreau to prove that _. A. middle-aged people like getting back to natureB. walking in nature helps enrich ones mind C. people need regular exercise to keep fitD. going on foot prevents heart disease54. What is compared to “a steel river” in Paragraph6? A. A queue of cars.B. A ray of traffic light. C. A flash of lightning.D. A stream of people.55. What is the authors intention of writing this passage? A. To tell people to reflect more non life.B. To recommend people to give up driving C. To advise people to do outdoor activitiesD. To encourage people to return to walking【语法重点复习导练】语法技能重点复习导练：动词2 时体和语态 -2题组216. Did you enjoy the party? Yes. We _well by our hosts.A. were treated B. would be treated C. treated D. had treated17. In the last few years, China _ great achievements in environmental protection. 15BJ26A. has made B. had made C. was making D. is making18. Did you have difficulty finding Anns house? Not really. She _ us clear directions and we were able to find it easily. 2015北京27A. was to give B. had given C. was giving D. would give19. Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment. All right. I_ him later. 2015北京30A. will call B. have called C. call D will be calling20. I wasnt able to hide my eagerness when I _, What do you wish me to do now? 2015湖南25A. ask B. have asked C. am asking D. asked21. Always_ in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly. 2015湖南31A. to keep B. to have kept C. keep D. have kept22. The twins, who _ their homework, were allowed to play badminton on the playground. 2014AnH23A. will finish B. finish C. have finished D. had finished23. People are recycling many things which they _ away in the past. A. had thrown B. will be throwing C. were throwing D. would have thrown24. Unless extra money _, the theatre will close. A. was found B. finds C. is found D. found 25. The reports went missing in 2012 and nobody _ them since. A. sees B. saw C. has seen D. had seen 26. _ the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age. A. Spending B. Spent C. Having spent D. To spend27.Havent seen you for ages! Where have you been? 2014福建23I went to Ningxia and _ there for one year, teaching as a volunteer. A. stayed B. stay C. had stayed D. am staying28. If Mr. Dewey _ present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there. 2014湖南22A. were B. had been C. should be D. was29. Since the time humankind started gardening, we _to make our environment more beautiful. A. try B. have been trying C. are trying D. will try30. Whenever you_ a present, you should think about it from the receivers point of view. 14HN34A. bought B. have bought C. wi