高考英语一轮复习构想module5theconquestoftheuniverse课时作业外研版选修8

“讲忠诚、严纪律、立政德”三者相互贯通、相互联系。忠诚是共产党人的底色，纪律是不能触碰的底线，政德是必须修炼的素养。永葆底色、不碰底线Module 5The Conquest of the Universe一、单元跟踪过关.单句语法填空1An increasing number of people are consulting about the tax laws.2Farmers will have a good harvest，assuming(assume)that the weather is favorable.3He was arrested last December, accused of corruption and abusing his powers.4Accustomed(accustom) to living in the countryside, Mr. King found it hard to live in the city.5His teaching style is similar to most of the other teachers in our school.6It is difficult to be patient(patience) when you are stuck in a traffic jam.7We were greatly relieved(relief) to learn that his condition was not serious.8We set out to paint the whole house but finished only the front part that day.9He refused to acknowledge having_made(make) such a mistake.10Though he had tried to climb to the top of the mountain several times, he didnt make it.单句改错1People can use advancing computer techniques to experience life in the future.advancing改为advanced2I sometimes take part in performances at our school, that I really enjoy very much.that改为which3Darcy left word with his assistant who he would see me off at the airport in the afternoon.who改为that4He had become accustomed to live without computers.live改为living5By the time Jack returned home from England, his son has graduated from college.has改为had6We have some doubt that they can complete the work on time.that改为whether7The policeman stopped him when he was driving home and accused him with speeding.with改为of8It took me a lot of patience to teach the naughty boy to dance hip hop, but it was an interesting experience.patiences改为patience9She went upstairs to her bedroom, and there she burst out tears.out改为into10They think homework helps them review that has been taught in class.that改为what.完成句子1They are accustomed to_not_talking(不交谈) at meals.2The driver sat there motionlessly, aware_of(意识到) how serious the traffic accident was.3Many young people are_enthusiastic_about(对狂热) pop music.4My bike is_similar_to(与相似) yours in color.5We are trying to set_the_plan_in_motion(使这项计划开始启动)二、高考模拟写作(2017陕西检测)假如你是学生会主席李越，你校将在下周一接待来自美国某中学的学生访问团。请你写一封邮件给该团的领队Smith先生，介绍整个活动安排。要点：1.对代表团表示欢迎；2具体活动安排：参观学校、联谊会和篮球赛等。注意：1.词数100左右；2开头和结尾语已为你写好。Dear Mr Smith，_Yours sincerely，Li Yue答案：范文赏读Dear_Mr_Smith,_Im Li Yue, chairman of the students union.Im delighted to hear that your students visiting group will pay a visit to our school next Monday for the cultural exchange activity.On behalf of my school, I want to show our warm welcome.Here are some details about this activity.On the morning of your arrival, we will show you around our school and then a discussion will be held, which may cover such topics as school life, cultural differences and so on, aiming to improve mutual understanding, broaden our horizons and enrich our life. At 3 oclock in the afternoon, a basketball match between the two schools will be held on the playground.No doubt it is a good chance for us to learn from each other and know more about each other.What do you think of the plan？Can you give me some advice on how to make the activity better?Im looking forward to your early reply.Yours_sincerely,_Li_Yue大题巧练47Module 5The Conquest of the Universe授课提示：对应学生用书第373页一、阅读理解AEl Nio，a Spanish term for “the Christ child，”was named by South American fishermen who noticed that the global weather pattern，which happens every two to seven years，reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas.El Nio sees warm water，collected over several years in the western Pacific，flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken，or sometimes the other way round.The weather effects，both good and bad，are felt in many places.Rich countries gain more from powerful Nios，on balance，than they lose.A study found that a strong Nio in 199798 helped Americas economy grow by $15 billion，partly because of better agricultural harvests：farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain.The total rise in agricultural incomes in rich countries is greater than the fall in poor ones.But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames.A multiyear drought(干旱) in southeast Brazil is becoming worse.Though heavy rains brought about by El Nio may relieve the drought in California，they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters.The most recent powerful Nio，in 199798，killed around 21,000 people and caused damage worth $36 billion around the globe.But such Nios come with months of warning，and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare.According to the Overseas Development Institute (ODI)，however，just 12% of disasterrelief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance，rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards.This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on riskreduction saves at least two on reconstruction.Simple improvements to infrastructure(基础设施) can reduce the spread of disease.Better sewers(下水道) make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach.Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods.According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and coauthors，civil conflict is related to El Nios harmful effectsand the poorer the country，the stronger the link.Though the relationship may not be causal，helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people.Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nio，reducing their losses needs to be the priority.语篇解读本文是一篇科普说明文，介绍了厄尔尼诺现象的由来以及它对人们生活的影响。文章根据ODI对20年救灾资金的投向的分析，得出防灾重于救灾的结论，这也是作者写此文的目的。文章最后提出防止厄尔尼诺带来次生灾害的措施。1What can we learn about El Nio in Paragraph 1?AIt is named after a South American fisherman.BIt takes place almost every year all over the world.CIt forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas.DIt sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean.答案与解析：D细节理解题。根据首段第一句.a Spanish term for “the Christ child，”.South American fishermen who noticed that the global weather pattern, which happens every two to seven years.可知，“厄尔尼诺”是西班牙语的译音，原意是“神童”或“圣明之子”，是由很早就注意海洋与天气的关系的南美洲的渔民命名的，所以D项“它能体现大洋中潮流方向的改变”为正确选项。根据首段第一句可知南美洲的渔民发现了这一现象，而非“某个渔民”，故A项错误；B项是常识性错误；C项恰好与文章内容相反。2What may El Nios bring about to the countries affected?AAgricultural harvests in rich countries fall.BDroughts become more harmful than floods.CRich countries gains are greater than their losses.DPoor countries suffer less from droughts economically.答案与解析：C细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句Rich countries gain more from powerful Nios，on balance，than they lose.可知，富裕国家因厄尔尼诺而得到的东西要比它们失去的多。由此可锁定正确答案为C。3The data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4 suggest that _.Amore investment should go to risk reductionBgovernments of poor countries need more aidCvictims of El Nio deserve more compensationDrecovery and reconstruction should come first答案与解析：A推理判断题。根据文章第四段ODI提供的数据可知，在过去的20年中只有12%的救灾资金投入到提前预防方面，显然投入比例较小；再联系第四段最后一句.that a dollar spent on riskreduction saves at least two on reconstruction.(在预防灾害方面花一美元就能在灾后重建方面至少省两美元)可知正确答案为A。4What is the authors purpose in writing the passage?ATo introduce El Nio and its origin.BTo explain the consequences of El Nio.CTo show ways of fighting against El Nio.DTo urge people to prepare for El Nio.答案与解析：D主旨大意题。文章从第四段ODI的数据分析和第五段如何防止厄尔尼诺带来次生灾害这两个方面，鼓励人们以正向心态积极应对厄尔尼诺现象。A项与B项都属范围太小；C项偏离主题。厄尔尼诺本身是一种自然现象，人们可以研究如何利用它，而不是去违背它。B(2017江西模拟)The best family vacation that I ever had was going on a road trip to Myrtle Beach. The trip was for 2 weeks during the March break from school. This trip was probably about 20 years ago so it was before the time of things like portable video games and being able to watch movies in the back seat.So to pass the many hours of travel my brother and I had to entertain ourselves and each other. My mum would set the back seat up so that it was our own little playroom. She would pack everything up so that we had a big level area to play in.We would play cards and board games.When it got to the point where we_were_at_each_others_throats we would be sent back to our own side of the seat and would be forced to either nap or read by ourselves until we could be friendly to each other again. I can remember us playing for quite some time when we turned the back seat into a spaceship and traveled around the earth.Another time we turned it into a kitchen and had a bakeoff(食品烘烤赛). But the thing that I remember the most and that gave us many hours of enjoyment was using each others faces as silly Plasticine(普莱斯蒂辛橡皮泥) and making funny faces. We would see how far we could stretch each others mouths open, see how thin we could make the others eye by pulling on it. We would keep going until one of us begged for mercy because we had to give our faces a rest.So while I can remember us having a great time on the beach, laughing a lot trying to put the tent up in the rain, what I remember the most of that trip and what always makes me smile the most is remembering the pain that our faces would be in after the trip.语篇解读本文为记叙文。作者回忆了小时候在没有电子游戏、不能在坐车时看电影的旅途中打发时间的方式。5. What did the author do when traveling to Myrtle Beach?A. Watch movies.B. Play video games.C. Have fun with his brother.D. Pack things up to amuse himself.答案与解析：C考查细节理解。由第二段中的“to pass the many hours of travel my brother and I had to entertain ourselves and each other”可知答案。6. What does the author mean by saying “we were at each others throats” ?A. We were fighting with each other.B. We used up our skills.C. We were quite out of breath.D. We were about to fall asleep.答案与解析：A考查句意理解。下文的“.until we could be friendly to each other again”说明画线部分的意思应为“互相打斗，激烈争吵”。7. What impressed the author most during the trip?A. Playing cards and board games.B. Pulling each others faces and eyes.C. Having a cooking competition.D. Playing with silly Plasticine.答案与解析：B考查推理判断。由第四段中的“But the thing that I remember the most. hours of enjoyment was using each others faces. by pulling on it”可知，旅途中作者印象最深的是和弟弟彼此拉对方的脸或者眼来做鬼脸。8. Which of the following titles would best suit the passage?A. An Unforgettable Family TravelB. What Is the Most Meaningful JourneyC. The Good Old Days Never to Be ForgottenD. How to Kill Time while Traveling in the Past答案与解析：D考查主旨要义。结合文章内容看，本文主要谈论的是在没有便携式游戏机、不能在后座看电影的情况下，作者一家去旅游时，作者在途中消遣的方式，故D项作本文标题最佳。二、完形填空Looking at the checkout lines at the grocery, I quickly turned my cart to line number three. There were only two women there, and neither had kids or coupons(赠券)! The store was my first _9_ that morning, and I had a half dozen others on my_10_ before meeting my husband for lunch.Two minutes turned into ten, and I watched as the other lines moved _11_. I moved my _12_ on the cart and dug for my wallet, trying to _13_ the cashier that it was time to get a moveon. Finally, after fifteen minutes, I took a breath and _14_. Then I heard the cashier tell the women in front of me: “And just like that, he told me what she looked like and _15_ one hundred dollars here to _16_ her groceries. He said not to worry about the _17_， just give it to charity.”The story she was _18_ had taken place in the produce department. An older man had witnessed a(n) _19_ mama in need. _20_ for foods with kids around, she was sticking to her list and _21_the items on her calculator as she went. The gentleman said he had a little _22_ on him that day, so he left one hundred dollars to _23_her groceries and, just maybe, add a little wiggle room(回旋的余地) to her _24_.After hearing about the man who had. _25_ served a fellow traveler in life, I realized that my hurry, _26_ and general worries were _27_. Whats five extra minutes in a line to hear a story of a man sharing his _28_？ Suddenly, I know I could wait.语篇解读这是一篇记叙文。作者一天上午到超市购买食品杂货，因为有不少其他事要做，于是就选择到只有两个女士等候的结账区排队，可是却等候了15分钟。她很不耐烦，催促收银员快些。后来她发现：原来，收银员在和跟前的女顾客讲述亲眼目睹的一件感人事一位老者留意到一位经济困难的妈妈带着孩子们来买吃的东西，难以挑选，于是就向收银员描述了这个女士的相貌，并留下一百美元帮她付款，说就当捐给慈善机构了。明白原来如此后，作者为自己的不耐烦等候而感到羞愧。9. Adelivery Bcheckout Cjourney Dstop答案与解析：D根据空后内容可判断，这天上午商店只是作者“停留的第一站”。delivery意为“递送、接生”；checkout意为“结账”；journey意为“旅行”。10. Anotebook Blist Cblessing Dadmission答案与解析：Blist意为“办事清单”。句意：到中午和丈夫见面吃饭前，我的办事单上还有六件事要做。11. Apatiently Bclearly Cquickly Dsimilarly答案与解析：C由前一分句Two minutes turned into ten(两分钟延长到十分钟)可知，作者此时很着急要结账离开，因此后一分句应为“当其他结账队伍快速移动”，这样构成顺承关系，以表明作者此时明显感觉自己所在队伍结账实在太慢。patiently意为“耐心地”；clearly意为“清楚地”；similarly意为“类似地”。12. Aitems BdealersCprospects Dkids答案与解析：A结合语境线索和生活常识，可以判断出此时作者实在不耐烦了，在暗示收银员该继续给下一位顾客结账了。句意：我翻动购物车上的物品，掏钱包，尽力提醒收银员：到了继续收银的时候了。下文she was sticking to her list and _21_ the items on her calculator as she went也有提示，items指“商品、物品”。13. Aremind BdebateCorder Dguarantee答案与解析：A见上题解析。remind意为“提醒”；debate意为“辩论”；order意为“命令；订购”；guarantee意为“担保；保修”。14. Alaughed Bnoticed Cappreciated Dsighed答案与解析：D由上下文可知，“十五分钟后，终于，我深深吸了一口气、叹了口气”。表示此时作者很不耐烦。15. Aleft Bmatched Ccost Dpromoted答案与解析：A由下文The gentleman said he had a little _22_ on him that day，so he left one hundred dollars to _23_ her groceries可知，这里应是“留下一百元支付她的食品杂货”。16. Aapply for Bpay forClook for Dmake for答案与解析：Bpay for意为“付款”；apply for意为“申请”；look for意为“寻找”；make for意为“走向；前往；有利于”。17. Aprivilege Bcontribution Cchange Ddecision答案与解析：C根据上句“付款购买食品杂货”，接着“捐给慈善机构”的东西只能是钱了。句意：他说不必担心找零，捐给慈善机构算了。18. Aadjusting Bbooking Creading Dsharing答案与解析：D根据句意可知此处只能是“她分享的故事发生在农牧产品部”。19. Awelldressed BgoodlookingCwornout Deasygoing答案与解析：Cwornout意为“破旧的；不能再穿的；劳猝的”；welldressed意为“衣着考究的”；goodlooking意为“相貌好看的”；easygoing意为“随和的；逍遥自在的；不严肃的”。通过in need(处于危难中的)及下文提到这个妈妈购物时的窘迫样(adding the items on her calculator“用计算器把商品价格相加起来”)，可知应该是“衣衫褴褛的妈妈”。20. AWandering BShopping CPreparing DBegging答案与解析：BShopping意为“购物”；Wandering意为“游荡；走神”；Preparing意为“准备”；Begging意为“乞讨；恳求”。句意：和孩子们一起购买食物时，她一直按照购物单，并且一边走一边在计算器上计算所购物品的价钱。21. Asupposing BdevelopingCadding Dpresenting答案与解析：Cadding意为“相加”；supposing意为“猜想；认为”；developing意为“开发；发展；发育”；presenting意为“介绍；提出；赠送”。22. Aprinciple BtimeCextra Dquantity答案与解析：Cextra意为“额外的”；principle意为“原则”；quantity意为“数量”。根据该句逻辑意义“他身上额外有点钱，于是就留下一百美元帮她付食品杂货的钱”可知答案。23. Acover BsuitCcarry Drun答案与解析：Acover意为“够付；覆盖；涉及”；suit意为“适宜于；相称”；carry意为“携带”；run意为“运营；使快速移动”。24. Abasket Bbudget Cproperty Dresponse答案与解析：Bbudget意为“预算”；basket意为“篮子”；property意为“特性；财产”；response意为“反应；回应”。25. Ararely BquietlyCobviously Doccasionally答案与解析：Bquietly意为“静悄悄地；安静地”；rarely意为“很少地，罕见地”；obviously意为“明显地”；occasionally意为“偶然地”。只会是“静悄悄地给生活中的同路人提供服务”，才能显示出在作者心中这个男士的高大和自己的猥琐，因此选项B才是最佳答案。26. Aanxiety Bhappiness Cattention Deagerness答案与解析：Aanxiety意为“焦虑”；happiness意为“愉快”；attention意为“注意”；eagerness意为“渴望”。该空前hurry、空后general worries均为贬义词，所以只有选项A最佳。27. Atreated BrespectedCbenefited Dmisplaced答案与解析：Dmisplace意为“放错地方”；treat意为“处理，治疗”；respect意为“尊重”；benefit意为“使受益”。句意：听说那位男士悄悄地给生活中的同路人伸出援助