曼德拉总统生平英语简介.doc

曼德拉总统生平英语简介纳尔逊罗利赫拉赫拉曼德拉（Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela）1918年7月18日出生于南非特兰斯凯，先后获南非大学文学士和威特沃特斯兰德大学律师资格。曾任非国大青年联盟全国书记、主席。于1994年至1999年间任南非总统，是首位黑人总统，被尊称为南非国父。在任职总统前，曼德拉是积极的反种族隔离人士，同时也是非洲国民大会的武装组织民族之矛的领袖。当他领导反种族隔离运动时，南非法院以密谋推翻政府等罪名将他定罪。依据判决，曼德拉在牢中服刑了27年。1990年出狱后，转而支持调解与协商，并在推动多元族群民主的过渡期挺身领导南非。自种族隔离制度终结以来，曼德拉受到了来自各界的赞许，包括从前的反对者。曼德拉在40年来获得了超过一百项奖项，其中最显著的便是1993年的诺贝尔和平奖。2004年，其被选为最伟大的南非人。2013年12月6日（南非时间5日），曼德拉在约翰内斯堡住所去世，享年95岁。南非为曼德拉举行国葬，全国降半旗。Nelson Mandela was born in Transkei,(特兰斯凯 ) South Africa on July 18, 1918. His father was a Chief (酋长)of a tribe Mandela has strong character even from he was a child and he advocates national hero vuey muchAs the oldest son in his family, Mandela was appointed as the successor of the tribe,but he refused that He said he would never adominate a tribe,which was under oppressed,with a cheif identifyHe wanted to throw himself into the career of the national liberationHe joined the African National Congress （非洲人国民大会 简称ANC）in 1944 and was engaged in resistance against the ruling National Partys apartheid policies （种族隔离政策）after 1948.Mandela himself was educated at University College of Fort Hare and the University of Witwatersrand（威特沃特斯兰德大学）and qualified in law in 1942.After the banning of the ANC in 1960,Mandela argued for the setting up of a military wing within the ANCIn June 1961,he became the commander(总司令) of the military organizationBecause of his political activity,he went on trial for treason（叛国罪） in 1956-1961 In 1962 ,mandela was arrested and sentenced to five yearsimprisonment with hard labour In 1963, when many fellow leaders of the ANC and the military organization were arrested, Mandela was brought to stand trial with them for plotting（密谋） to overthrow the government by violence. His statement from the dock (被告席)received considerable international publicity.On June 12 ,1964,mandela was sentenced to life imprisonment(终身监禁) .From 1964 to 1982,he was incarcerated(关押) at Robben Island prison,off cape Town;thereafter,he was at pollsmoor prison,nearby on the mainland.He stayed in the prison for 27 yeas and he consistently refused to compromise with his political position to obtain his freedom.Because he never chang his strong mind,which is to build an new ,equal and free South Africa.During his years in prison ,mandelas reputation grew steady.He became a potent symbol of resistance as the anti-apartheid movement.At last ,he was released on February 18,1990.After his release,he plunged himself into his lifes career.In 1991,at the first national conference of the ANC held inside South Africa,he was elected President of the ANC.In 1994,the ANC won the general election,mandela became the first Black President in the history of South Africa.In his life time ,he won nearly 100 awards.In 1993,he was honored with the Nobel Peace Prize,which was in order to commend his contribution in againsting racial discrimination.Mandla also pays close attention to AIDS(艾滋病).He established AIDS foundation named after him.The time of AfricaIn a fairly long period,Africa was excluded from great international competition,because of its apartheid policies(种族隔离政策).But Africans love sports very mcuh.In order to hold The 2010 World Cup,although Mandela is old aged and health condition is not very good,he also did his best.On June,11,2010, The World Cup of South Africa began.This was not just a football feast for Aricans but something more.This fulfilled a great leaders long-cherished wish:peace,solidarity and so on.In his life time ,he won nearly 100 awards.In 1993,he was honored with the Nobel Peace Prize,which was in order to commend his contribution in againsting racial discrimination.Now ,the brithday of Mandela became an international festival.July,18-the International Mandela Day. 语录When I walked out of the prison cell towards the door leading to freedom, I have made it clear his own pain and resentment if not able to stay behind, so in fact I still in prison.当我走出囚室迈向通往自由的大门时，我已经清楚，自己若不能把痛苦与怨恨留在身后，那么其实我人在狱中。A good head and a good heart are always a formidable combination.精明的头脑和善良的心灵往往是个不可思议的组合。After climbing a great hill, one only finds that there are many more hills to climb.登上高峰后，你会发现还有更多的山峰要翻越。Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.教育是最强有力的武器，你能用它来改变世界。For to be free is not merely to cast off ones chains, but to live in a way that respects and enhances the freedom of others.自由不仅仅意味着摆脱自身的枷锁，还意味着以一种尊重并增加他人自由的方式生活。I detest racialism, because I regard it as a barbaric thing, whether it comes from a black man or a white man.我痛恨种族主义，不管是来自黑人或是来自白人的种族主义，在我看来，都是野蛮未开化的。I dream of an Africa which is in peace with itself.我向往一个内部和平的非洲。I dream of the realization of the unity of Africa, whereby its leaders combine in their efforts to solve the problems of this continent. I dream of our vast deserts, of our forests, of all our great wildernesses.我梦见，通过非洲各国领导人齐心协力共同解决非洲的种种问题，非洲实现了统一。我梦见那广袤的沙漠、茂密的森林，还有那无际的荒野。I learned that courage was not the absence of fear, but the triumph over it. The brave man is not he who does not feel afraid, but he who conquers that fear.我懂得了，勇气不是没有恐惧，而是战胜恐惧。勇者不是感觉不到害怕的人，而是克服自身恐惧的人。If there are dreams about a beautiful South Africa, there are also roads that lead to their goal. Two of these roads could be named Goodness and Forgiveness.有建设美好南非的梦想，就有通向梦想的道路。善良和宽恕就是其中的两条大道。If you talk to a man in a language he understands, that goes to his head. If you talk to him in his language, that goes to his heart.如果你用一个人听得懂的语言与他交流，他会记在脑子里；如果你用他自己的语言与他交流，他会记在心里。If you want to make peace with your enemy, you have to work with your enemy. Then he becomes your partner.若想与敌和平共处，就要与敌并肩作战。敌亦将为友。In my country we go to prison first and then become President.在我的祖国，我们先当囚徒，后当总统。It always seems impossible until its done.在事情未成功之前，一切总看似不可能。It is better to lead from behind and to put others in front, especially when you celebrate victory when nice things occur. You take the front line when there is danger. Then people will appreciate your leadership.作为领袖，最好是在后方领导，让其他人站在前线，尤其是在庆祝胜利或好事时；但在危险时，你要站在前线。这样，人们会欣赏你的领导力。Let freedom reign. The sun never set on so glorious a human achievement.让自由来主宰一切吧。对于如此辉煌的人类成就，太阳永远不会停止照耀。Let there be work, bread, water and salt for all.让所有人都拥有工作、面包、水和盐吧。Money wont create success, the freedom to make it will.创造成功，靠的不是金钱，而是拥有创造成功的自由。Never, never and never again shall it be that this beautiful land will again experience the oppression of one by another.这片美丽的土地将永远、永远、永远不会再经历人对人的压迫。Only free men can negotiate; prisoners cannot enter into contracts. Your freedom and mine cannot be separated.只有自由的人才能谈判，身陷牢笼的人没有谈判的资格。你们的自由和我的自由是不可分割的。There can be no keener revelation of a societys soul than the way in which it treats its children.知晓一个社会的灵魂，就看这个社会对待小孩的方式，除此以外，没有更好的办法。There is no easy walk to freedom anywhere, and many of us will have to pass through the valley of the shadow of death again and again before we reach the mountaintop of our desires.自由之路从不平坦，我们中的许多人都不得不一次又一次地穿过死神笼罩的山谷，才能抵达愿望的顶峰。There is no passion to be found playing small - in settling for a life that is less than the one you are capable of living.本来能过得更精彩的生活，却勉强接受现状，满足于个人的生活，这毫无激情可言。There is no such thing as part freedom.不存在部分自由之说。There is nothing like return