中考英语名词课件

？ A is for Apple B is for Ball C Candle D is for Door E is for Egg F is for Fall G is for Grass H is for Hall I is for Ice J is for Jam K is for Kite L is for Lamb Mmmmmmmmm M Moonlight N Night O Orange P is for Pie Q is for Queen R is for Rain S is for Smile T is for Train Mmmmmmmmm U Umbrella V is for Vell W is for Whale X X-ray Y Yo yo Z is for Zero Mmmmmmmmm 普通名词 专有名词 （人名、地名） 可数名词 不可数名词 名词 名词单数的表达名词单数的表达 一般可用一般可用a a，anan，oneone来修饰来修饰 注注：a a用于用于辅音辅音音素音素开头的单词前开头的单词前, ,anan用用 于于元音音素元音音素开头的单词前开头的单词前 * *a a book book * * anan English book English book * * an han hourour flowerflowers 找规律,总结规则 watches factory-factories leaf - leaves boxes 名词的复数形式名词的复数形式 1.1.规则变化规则变化 (1) (1) 一般在复数名词后加一般在复数名词后加“ s s ”/s/or/z/”/s/or/z/ * * dog dog dogdogs s * * book book book books s (2) (2) 以以 s s 、 x x 、chch、shsh结尾的名词加结尾的名词加 “es”/iz/“es”/iz/ *box *box boxboxeses *watch *watch watchwatcheses (3)(3)以辅音字母加以辅音字母加y y结尾的名词结尾的名词, ,变变 y y 为为 i i 加加 “eses” /iz/” /iz/ * countr* country y countr countries ies * factor * factory y factor factories ies 请区别：如果是元音字母加请区别：如果是元音字母加y y 结尾的名词结尾的名词 则只须加则只须加“s”“s” * boy * boy boy boys s holidayholiday - - holidayholidays s * monkey * monkey monkey monkeys s (4) (4) 以以 f f 、fe fe 结尾的名词结尾的名词, ,变变 f f 、fefe 为为 v v 再加再加 “eses” /vz/” /vz/ * hal* half f hal halvesves * shel * shelf f shel shelvesves * kni * knifefe kni knivesves * lea * leaf f lea leavesves 找规律 tomatoes potatoes heroes 英雄吃马铃薯 和西红柿 pianos (5) (5) 以以o o结尾的名词结尾的名词, ,一般情况加一般情况加s,s,读读 作作/z/./z/.potatopotato，tomatotomato，herohero除外除外 * piano * piano piano pianos s * zoo * zoo zoo zoos s potato potato potato potatoes es tomato tomato tomatotomatoeses child-children woman-women sheep man-men 2.2.不规则变化不规则变化 (1) (1)单复数同形单复数同形 Chinese Chinese Chinese Chinese fish fish fish fish Japanese Japanese Japanese Japanese sheepsheep sheepsheep (2)(2)变元音字母变元音字母oooo为为eeee t tooooth th t teeeeth fth foooot t f feeeet t (3). (3).变变manman为为 m me en n mma an n m me en womn woma an n wom wome en n policem policema an n policem policeme en n Frenchm Frenchma an n Frenchm Frenchme en n 请区别：请区别：GermanGerman( (德国人德国人) ) GermanGermans s (“ (“中日中日” ”不变不变“ “英法英法” ”变，其余变，其余s s加后面加后面) ) (4).(4).常以复数形式出现的名词常以复数形式出现的名词 people clothes shoespeople clothes shoes trousers glassestrousers glasses 这些名词作主语时，注意它们的谓语用这些名词作主语时，注意它们的谓语用 复数复数 * * My clothes My clothes areare newer than yours. newer than yours. 3.3.可数名词可以被可数名词可以被a a, , anan, , oneone, , two two以及以及 how manyhow many，manymany，a fewa few，fewfew，anyany， lots oflots of , , a lot of a lot of ， some some等修饰等修饰 *There are *There are a fewa few peoplepeople in the park. in the park. * *How manyHow many knivesknives are there in your are there in your pencil-box?pencil-box? 1.Several _ are talking under the tree And they are talking about_. Awoman; children Bwoman; child Cwomen; children 2. There are three in my family. A. people B. person C. child 3. Some _ came to our school for a visit that day. A. Germans B. Germen C. Germany D. Germanies C A A 4. In the picture there are many_ and two_. A. sheeps; knifes B. sheeps; knife C. sheep; knives D. sheep; knife 5. There are four_and two_in the group. A. Japanese，Germen B. Japaneses， Germen C. Japanese，German D. Japanese， Germans D C 不可数名词不可数名词 物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词 如如: water: water，ricerice，fishfish，meat meat 等。等。 work chalk time space musicwork chalk time space music money weather homework money weather homework wood information news medicine wood information news medicine 1.1.单个的不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单个的不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用 单数单数 *Some bread*Some bread is over thereover there . . *No news*No news is good news.good news. 2.2.不可数名词不能直接被不可数名词不能直接被a, an, one, two等修饰等修饰 ，常用，常用how much, , much, , a little, , little, , a lot lot ofof, , lots of lots of, , some, , any等修饰等修饰 *They had*They had much money.money. *He does*He does little housework at housework at home.home. * a rice * a rice ( (X X) ) two bread two bread ( (X X) ) 3.3.可数名词和不可数名词都可以用可数名词和不可数名词都可以用单位单位 +of+of+名词名词表达量，但单位后面的可数名词表达量，但单位后面的可数名词 用复数，不可数名词形式不变用复数，不可数名词形式不变 *a bag of *a bag of applesapples * *a piece ofa piece of paper paper * *three glasses ofthree glasses of orange orange 4.4.有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情 况下可相互转化，同一个词，但意思不同况下可相互转化，同一个词，但意思不同 glass( glass(玻璃玻璃) a glass() a glass(玻璃杯玻璃杯) ) work( work(工作工作) a work() a work(著作著作) ) time( time(时间时间) times() times(次数次数) ) 1. Please give me _ paper. A. one B. a pieces C. a piece D. a piece of 2. This table is made of_. A. many glass B. some glasses C. glasses D. glass 3. What can I do for you, sir? Id like two_. A.bottle of milk B.bottles of milks C.bottles of milk D.bottle of milks 4. We can do the work better with_money and _ people. A. less, fewer B. fewer, less C. little, little D. few, few D D C A 名词所有格名词所有格 表示名词间的所有关系表示名词间的所有关系“ “ 的的” 一一. .名词所有格的构成方法名词所有格的构成方法 1.1.一般情况下，在有生命的名词后加一般情况下，在有生命的名词后加 “s”“s” KangkangKangkangss father Lucy father Lucyss book book 2. 2.以以s s结尾的复数名词结尾的复数名词, ,则在则在s s后加后加“ “ ”即可即可 Teachers Teachers office The Greens office The Greens house house 3.3.不以不以s s结尾的复数名词的所有格结尾的复数名词的所有格, ,仍按仍按 惯例加惯例加“ss” * Children* Children s s Day * men Day * men s s shoes shoes 4.4.无生命名词的所有关系用无生命名词的所有关系用ofof加名词，加名词， 构成所属关系的短语构成所属关系的短语 *the color *the color of of the the wallwall *a picture *a picture ofof the the classroomclassroom 1. June 1st is _Day. All the Children enjoy it very much. A. Children B. Childrens C. Childrens D. Child 2. The two bedroom are the _. A. twins B. twins C .twins D. twins C C 重难点突破 小组讨论以下练习的答案并说明其原因 1.Our hospital needs two_doctors, Mrs. Li. You can ask your son to have a try. 2. A. women B. man 3. C.woman D. men D 名词的用法名词的用法 1. 1.修饰另一名词时修饰另一名词时, ,一般用单数一般用单数 * There are three * There are three bananabanana trees over trees over there.there. 2. 2. man womanman woman用做定语时用做定语时, ,应与后面的名词应与后面的名词 保持数的一致保持数的一致 *We need *We need a man teachera man teacher. . *They are all *They are all women workerswomen workers. . 3.sports,clothes做定语时做定语时, ,仍用复数形式仍用复数形式 *a *a sports starstar *a*a clothes shopshop 2. This pair of shorts_too expensive. I cant afford_. A. are, them B. are, it C. is, them D. is, it 重难点突破 C 当出现当出现“单位单位+of+of+名词名词”时，谓语动词应时，谓语动词应 根据根据“单位单位”的单复数决定。的单复数决定。 This pair of shoes This pair of shoes isis nice. nice. 比较：比较：The shoes The shoes areare nice. nice. Here Here areare two pieces of news. two pieces of news. 比较：比较：The news The news isis wonderful. wonderful. 3. The model plane was made by a _ boy. A. ten-years-old B. ten-year- older C. ten-year-old D. ten-year old 重难点突破 C 当数词与单位名词一起构成当数词与单位名词一起构成合成形容词合成形容词做做 定语时，定语时， 单位名词往往用单位名词往往用单数单数形式形式, ,数词与数词与 单位名词用单位名词用“-”“-”连接。连接。 *He is a *He is a fourteen-year-oldfourteen-year-old boy. boy. *This is a *This is a two-hourtwo-hour plan. plan. 4. The police_on the street when accident happened. A. is B . are C. was D. were 重难点突破 D 名词做主语时名词做主语时, ,应注意名词的数，避免主谓应注意名词的数，避免主谓 不一致。不一致。 * Her family* Her family is is a large onea large one and her and her family family areare all all teachersteachers. . 她家是一个大家庭她家是一个大家庭, ,她的家人都是老师。她的家人都是老师。 5. Where is Tom? -He has gone to the _. A. teacher B. teachers C. teachers D. teachers 重难点突破 D 名词所有格的几个注意点名词所有格的几个注意点 可用名词所有格表示地点可用名词所有格表示地点, , 地点名词习地点名词习 惯上省略惯上省略 * my * my auntsaunts ( home( home） ( (我姑姑家）我姑姑家） * * go to the go to the teachersteachers ( office( office） ( (去老师办公室）去老师办公室） 6. Lucy is _ sister. A. Mary and Jack B. Marys and Jacks C. Mary and Jacks D. Mary and Jacks 重难点突破 D 表示两人共同拥有表示两人共同拥有, ,在最后一个名词后加在最后一个名词后加 “ss” * Lucy and Lily* Lucy and Lilyss room room 露西和莉莉的房间（两人共有一间房间）露西和莉莉的房间（两人共有一间房间） 请区别请区别: : LucyLucyss and Lily and Lilyss rooms rooms 露西的房间和莉莉的房间露西的房间和莉莉的房间 （两人各有一间房间）（两人各有一间房间） 7. Look at that old man. He is_. A. a friend of my B. a friend of mine C. A mes friend D. a my friend 重难点突破 B 物主代词与a, an, this, that, these, those, some, any等词共同修饰名词 时，需用双重所有格，其构成为 名词+of+名词所有格（或名词性物主代 词） 8. Its _from our school to my home. A. ten minutes walk B. ten minutes walk C. ten minute walk D. ten minutes walk 重难点突破 A 名词所有格（s）也可以用于无生命的东西， 主要用于时间，度量衡等名词之后 twotwo months months vacation a mile vacation a miles s distancedistance 此表达