外文翻译---电子信息专业介绍及发展.doc

电子信息专业介绍及发展电子信息工程是一门应用现代化技术进行电子信息控制和信息处理的学科，主要研究信息的获取与处理，电子设备与信息系统的设计、开发、应用和集成。现在，电子信息工程已经涵盖了社会的诸多方面，像电话交换局里怎么处理各种电话信号，手机是怎样传递我们的声音甚至图像的，我们周围的网络怎样传递数据，甚至信息化时代军队的信息传递中如何保密等都要涉及电子信息工程的应用技术。 电子信息工程专业主要是学习基本电路知识，并掌握用计算机等处理信息的方法。不仅要学习许多电路知识、电子技术、信号与系统、计算机控制原理、通信原理等基本课程还要学习动手设计、连接一些电路并结合计算机进行实验，对动手操作和使用工具的要求也是比较高的。 1、专业背景与市场预测该专业是前沿学科，现代社会的各个领域及人们日常生活等都与电子信息技术有着紧密的联系。全国各地从事电子技术产品的生产、开发、销售和应用的企事业单位很多,随着改革步伐的加快，这样的企事业单位会越来越多。为促进市场经济的发展，培养一大批具有大专层次学历，能综合运用所学知识和技能，适应现代电子技术发展的要求，从事企事业单位与本专业相关的产品及设备的生产、安装调试、运行维护、销售及售后服务、新产品技术开发等应用型技术人才和管理人才是社会发展和经济建设的客观需要，市场对该类人才的需求越来越大。为此电子信息工程专业的人才有着广泛的就业前景，毕业生可从事电子设备、信息系统和通信系统的研究、设计、制造、应用和开发工作。2、专业培养要求本专业学生主要学习信号的获取与处理、电厂设备信息系统等方面的专业知识，要接受电子与信息工程实践的基本训练，使其具备设计、开发、应用和集成电子设备和信息系统的能力。 对于毕业生应获得以下几个方面的知识和能力： 1）能够较系统地掌握本专业领域宽广的技术基础理论知识，适应电子和信息工程方面广泛的工作范围； 2）掌握电子电路的基本理论和实验技术，具备分析和设计电子设备的基本能力； 3）掌握信息获取、处理的基本理论和应用的一般方法，具有设计、集成、应用及计算机模拟信息系统的基本能力； 4）了解信息产业的基本方针、政策和法规，了解企业管理的基本知识； 5）了解电子设备和信息系统的理论前沿，具有研究、开发新系统、新技术的初步能力； 6）掌握文献检索、资料查询的基本方法，具有一定的科学研究和实际工作能力。 3、培养目标通过对所开的科目学习与理解，使其了解其中的重要性，使学生对自己的专业有一个更加细致的了解。例如在学校期间所开的科目：通信原理。我们都知道通信作为一个实际系统，是为了满足社会与个人的需求而产生的，目的是传送消息（数据、语音和图像）。 在通信原理的课程中，有多处要用到信息论的结论或定理。信息论已成为设计通信系统与进行通信技术研究的指南，尤其是它能告诉工程师们关于通信系统的性能极限。 作为通信原理课程，还包含系统方面的内容，主要有同步和信道复用。在数字通信系统中，只有接收信号与发送信号同步或者信号间建立相同的时间关系，接收端才能解调和识别信号。信道复用是为了提高通信效率，是安排很多信号同时通过同一信道的一种约定或者规范，使得多个用户的话音、图像等消息能同时通过同一电缆或者其他信道传输。 在通信原理之上是专业课程，可以进一步讲述通信系统的设计或深化某一方面的理论或技术。要设计制造通信系统，了解原理是必要的，但只知道原理是不够的，还必须熟悉硬件（电路、微波）与软件（系统软件与嵌入式软件），这是专业课程计划中的另一分支的课程体系结构。 通信原理课程的教学从内容上主要分为模拟通信和数字通信两部分。重点是数字通信的调制、编码、同步等内容。 3、就业去向该专业毕业生具有宽领域工程技术适应性，就业面很广，就业率高，毕业生实践能力强，工作上手快，可以在电子信息类的相关企业中，从事电子产品的生产、经营与技术管理和开发工作。主要面向电子产品与设备的生产企业和经营单位，从事各种电子产品与设备的装配、调试、检测、应用及维修技术工作，还可以到一些企事业单位一些机电设备、通信设备及计算机控制等设备的安全运行及维护管理工作。 4、企业需求由于信息时代的到来，据推测，在相当长的一段时间内，此类人才仍将供不应求。 电子信息工程专业人才已经成为信息社会人才需求的热点。 电子信息产业是一项新兴的高科技产业，被称为朝阳产业。根据信息产业部分析，“十五”期间是我国电子信息产业发展的关键时期，预计电子信息产业仍将以高于经济增速两倍左右的速度快速发展，产业前景十分广阔。 未来的发展重点是电子信息产品制造业、软件产业和集成电路等产业 ；新兴通信业务如数据通信、多媒体、互联网、电话信息服务、手机短信等业务也将迅速扩展；值得关注的还有文化科技产业，如网络游戏等。目前，信息技术支持人才需求中排除技术故障、设备和顾客服务、硬件和软件安装以及配置更新和系统操作、监视与维修等四类人才最为短缺。此外，电子商务和互动媒体、数据库开发和软件工程方面的需求量也非常大。 5、未来展望随着社会信息化的深入，各行业大都需要电子信息工程专业人才，而且薪金很高。学生毕业后可以从事电子设备和信息系统的设计、应用开发以及技术管理等。比如，做电子工程师，设计开发一些电子、通信器件；做软件工程师，设计开发与硬件相关的各种软件；做项目主管，策划一些大的系统，这对经验、知识要求很高；还可以继续进修成为教师，从事科研工作等。 introduction and development of electronic informationelectronic and information engineering is the science that deals with the electronic information control and information processing by using modern technology. it mainly studies the collection and processing of information, the design, development, application and integration of electronic equipment and information systems. now, electronic and information engineering has already covered many aspects of society. for example, in how to deal with a variety of telephone signals in the telephone exchange bureau, how does a cell phone transmit our voice and even images, how does the network around transfer data, and even how to keep secret for the military in the age of information and so on, which all involve the application technology electronic information engineering. what we learn in the major electronic and information engineering is mainly the basic circuit knowledge and the skill dealing with computers and other processing information. through this subject, not only will we learn some basic courses such as circuits, electronics, signal and systems, computer control theory, telecommunication theory, but also we have to learn how to design by ourselves, how to connect some of the circuit combined with the computer to do experiments. and it thinks highly about practices. 1. the professional background and market forecast this major is an advanced subject. all areas of the modern society and peoples everyday life are closely related to electronic information technology. throughout the country there are numerous enterprises and industries who undertake the production, development, sales and application of electronic and technical products, and the enterprises like that keep increasing. it is necessary to train a large number of technical talents and management talents with college-level education background, who can use the knowledge and skills they have learned and meet the development requirement of modern electronic technology to be engaged in the production, installation and commissioning, operation and maintenance, sales and after-sales service of some related products and equipment to promote the development of market economy. the market demand for that type of talent is growing. therefore such kind of talents has a wide range of job prospects. graduates may engage in the research, design, manufacture, application and development of electronic equipment, information systems and communications systems,. 2. professional training requirements the students mainly study the knowledge about the acquisition and processing of signal, power plant equipment system, etc., and students have to accept the basic training on electronic and information engineering practice to equip them with the capabilities on design, development, application and integration of electronic equipment and information systems. the knowledge and abilities should graduates acquired are: 1). systematically grasp the foundation of theoretical knowledge, and adapt to wide range of job on electronic and information engineering scope; 2). master the basic electronic circuit theory and experimental techniques, able to analysis and design the electronic equipment; 3). access the basic theory on information acquisition, processing and the general method of application, able to design, integrate, apply and simulate information systems by computer; 4). know about the basic principles, policies and regulations of the information industry, understand the basics of business management; 5). know about the advanced theory on electronic equipment and information systems, have the initial ability to do research, develop new systems and new technologies; 6). master the basic method of the literature search, data query, has the capacity to do some scientific research and practical work. 3. the training objectives though learning and understanding of the course, students should understand the importance of these subjects, by which they will have a more detailed understanding to their major. lets take the subject: communication as an example. we all know that communication, as a practical system, appears to meet the needs of society and individuals to deliver messages (data, voice and images). in the courses of communication theory, information theory is used in many places. information theory has become a guideline in designing communication system and studying telecommunication technology, and in particular it can tell the engineers the performance limit of communication systems. the communication theory course also includes something about systems; there mainly are synchronization and channel multiplexing. in the digital communication system, the receiver can demodulate and identify signals only when the received signal with the transmitted signal or signal synchronization has been established same time relation. channel reuse is a contract or specification to arrange a lot of signals through the same channel at the same time to increase communication efficiency, which makes the voice, images and other information of multiple users be able to transmit simultaneously through the same cable or other transmission channel. apart from the communication theory, there are some professional courses which further tell about some specific theory or skill on communication system. it is necessary understand the principle to design and manufacture communications systems. but it is not enough to just understand the principle, students must also be familiar with the hardware (circuits, microwave) and software (system software and embedded software), which is a course structure in another branch of lesson plans. teaching of communication theory can be divided into two parts, simulated communications and digital communications. and it focuses on modulation, coding, synchronization of digital communication and so on. 3. employment destination the graduates have a wide field of engineering and technical adaptability, broad employment opportunities and high employment rate. the graduates have a strong ability on practice and will soon be familiar with his job; they can do some production work of electronic products, management and technical management and development in relevant electronic information enterprises. they are mainly engaged in assembling, commissioning, testing, application and maintenance for the production enterprises and business units of electronic products and equipment. and they can also do some safe operation of equipment and maintenance management for a number of mechanical and electrical equipment, communications equipment and computer control.4. the business needs as the information age comes, it is predicted that, for a long period of time, such personnel will remain in short supply. electronic information engineering professionals has become a hot demand for the information society. electronic information industry is an emerging high-tech industry, known as the sunrise industry. according to the ministry of information industry, fifteen is the critical period for the development of chinas electronic information industry, and electronic information industry is expected to remain about twice higher than the economic growth rate to rapidly develop and it has a good prospects. the focus on the future development is the electronic information product manufacturing industry, software industry and integrated circuit industries and so on. new communication services such as data communications, multimedia, internet, telephone information services, sms and other services will also be expanding rapidly; there are also cultural and scientific industries worth to mention, such as network games. currently,