外文翻译---电子商务市场之诚信问题.docx

外文资料翻译英文原文the integrity of e-commerce market1. chinese e-commerce performance of the credit crisisuse of electronic commerce transactions will inevitably related to credit and payment issues. e-commerce paperless and no address on the parties involved in the transaction,the higher credit requirements in the transition of chinese society,traditional moral principles of social value system constraint is increasingly weakened,based on the rule of law based on the contractual society is far from being formed. the concept of credit is very weak in the eyes of many people,therefore,to give e-commerce closely matching the means of payment has brought a lot of adverse effects domestic e-commerce transactions, their means of payment is tuyangjiehe. mixed-use credit card,debit card,debit card,postal remittance and cash on delivery payment methods,and some are even using the online inquiry, online methods of trading,although some banks began to online payments and open on-line banking and other aspects of the experimental work,but in the chinese credit system is still imperfect, the power of banks alone is difficult to solve this problem. moreover, due to poor trust between people,very few people are willing to rush through the network in the form of their own credit card numbers and other personal information to tell businesses,because all too easy to occur can not imagine a serious problem. majority of enterprises engaged in e-commerce,have opted for cash on delivery so that a more reliable way to solve the problem of distrust between the payment of the purchase price,but the ultimate goal of e-commerce activities is to fast,convenient,secure transactions,and rationalize the use of funds and the flow of goods. if we still follow the traditional transaction methods,the use of cash paid to the implementation of online transactions,is bound to restrict the scale of operation of the enterprise e-commerce,and contrary to the original intention of the e-commerce activities.acts of dishonesty in the e-commerce part of the general performance in the following aspects:1. the quality of the goods distortionconsumer use of e-commerce website online shopping, have a safe, convenient, and many other advantages, but based on consumer feedback through the online purchase of goods is often less than the consumers psychological expectations, there is the phenomenon of shoddy. for example, the author frequently on taobao shopping, goods often see on the website picture style is very attractive, very beautiful picture production, but wait until after the purchase of goods delivered to their own hands when it found the picture difference between the kind and website even, feeling very worth it. goods distortion, is the phenomenon of the existence of e-commerce online shopping is a very serious dishonesty.2. goods missingconsumer complaints of online shopping, consumers online payment, but can not receive the goods a few complaints, this set v. phenomenon can be divided into the following specific circumstances:(1)logistics aspects of a problem, the seller could not be goods;(2)buyer malicious lie to the goods;(3)seller fraud.3. credit card fraude-commerce payment and settlement, you need the close cooperation of the electronic financial system, and security issues are ignored, consumer credit card can be stolen.二.two deep-level inquiry of the integrity of the two chinese e-commerce1. network media information asymmetryattention and study of this phenomenon of information asymmetry as early as the 1970s, 20 by the university of cambridge professor james morris (james mirleees) and columbia university professor william vickrey network, liam of vicke two economists , after more than 30 years, the theory of asymmetric information in economic activities more and more recognition of the outstanding contribution of these two economists awarded the nobel prize in economics in 1996. means that the theoretical system to finish, it provides a new perspective to a market economy. information asymmetry refers to the parties to the transaction there is always a party can only get incomplete information. studies have shown that of two economists: asymmetric information is widespread in market economy, reducing the confidence of traders, raise transaction costs, to produce inferior quality product of the destructive effects of the expulsion of the industry as a whole. e-commerce is a new thing and its essence is a new trading patterns and means: through the network complete business activities. its role in addition to creating a new online virtual enterprise, mainly reflected in the comprehensive transformation of its traditional industries, e-commerce applications published on the internet to speed up the awareness level of the public in order to save transaction costs, but compared with the traditional business activities, information asymmetries that exist in the e-commerce, not less, but more and more complex. i believe that the information asymmetry in the following e-commerce links the various acts of dishonesty directly reasons.(1). between the consumer and business websites pre-contractual information asymmetryinformation economics goods into search goods and experience goods. in general, the relevant characteristics of the commodities by the time of purchase, touch, weigh and inspection to identify the goods to search goods, those who need to use after a period in order to identify and understand their characteristics of goods as experience goods. for example: the flowers in the traditional trading is typical of search goods, before making a purchase, we can see the color of flowers and shiny, smell the flowers, flower picking time by the moisture content of judgment. shopping links in e-commerce, almost all commodities have become experience goods. flower pictures on the website, consumers can get information only varieties of flowers and color, aroma, picking time and the number of flowers and other information simply will not understand, or that access to information is too costly (to configure the aromatic recognition system ). this allows the seller in a good position, and consumers in the information asymmetry, the seller shoddy become possible. because of this asymmetric information before signing, so called pre-contractual information asymmetry.(2) . information asymmetry between consumers and web site after signingcheat back phenomenon in the online shopping sites can not be learned whether the consumer receives the goods, that is, whether the consumer receives the goods, the goods have been flawed. in a favorable position so the buyer, the seller in the asymmetric information, this information asymmetries occur after the contract signing, known as the after signing a contract asymmetric information. business website should establish the image of integrity, we must improve the service protection system commitment returns. but if consumers abuse return, the site is difficult to judge the real reason consumers return shipping link, or the buyer deliberately caused. this increased the cost of the integrity of the integrity of the site.(3) . between logistics companies and business websites hidden actione-commerce without the logistics chain can complete the transaction, but the goods delivered to consumers but also by post or logistics companies. responsibilities and obligations of the seller shall be shipped on time, such as encountered logistical problems to help each other inquiries. in china, work attitude and work efficiency of the postal its downhill. post never assure our customers that what its behavior belongs to the hidden behavior. commerce sites are often in a party to the disadvantage of the asymmetric information.(4). between the financing institution and the site of the hidden behaviorchinas commercial banks are currently only funds rarely act as market information providers and intermediaries. that is, the state-owned commercial banks lack the ability to access and determine market information. naturally does not recognize the business site hidden behavior. information asymmetry on the one hand the lack of good faith business website piandai conditions; the other hand, a challenge to the financing activities of all business websites.(5). between supplier firms and business sites hidden informationat present, china engaged in the b2b and b2c e-commerce sites are mostly taking credit means of access to goods from the supplier firms. the credit is a business website to lack of funds and difficulties in financing the performance. credit to alleviate the shortage of funds in the business website at the same time, also increases the risk of the debt of the web site operators. commerce sites, the financial position of the supplier firms can not understand, so this information is known as the hidden information. once the business website operational problems, the hidden information would be inflated, and led directly to the business website credit crisis, but also cause losses to creditor enterprises. such as the end of 2001, my8848 network was closed down due to poor management, arrears of the supplier firms and consumers paid over 600 million and losses of the supplier firms2. lack of social moral and ethical education(1) . the proliferation of false information in the network environmentin this new media of the network, information is not like in the traditional media will be so many constraints due to the virtual network, the average consumer, even if aware of the error information, it is difficult to publish information in the enterprise to pursue the matter, do not even know the address of the network enterprise. some network companies will be the performance was brazenly published a variety of information online, or create a variety of news, to attract consumers to create the so-called ctr, in order to expand their commercial impact, seeking economic benefits. someone once asked a friend of the ceo in a commercial website: the sites click-through rate is the number? friend calmly asked: do you want to hear really or false? it is said that true and false can vary more than doubled and it has become an open secret that the network community. the existence of such a situation, making the majority of consumers have doubts about a lot of information online, the loss of at least trust.(2) . the quality of goods there is a big problemchina is still in the traditional planned economy to a market economy transition period, this transition is not just a change of economic system, it is a kind of cultural transformation. supporting laws and the laws and regulations are not perfect, and the market economy. far from perfect. many companies do not speak the credibility of manufacture of fake and shoddy products, in order to reap huge profits. this enables consumers to make purchases, stores and goods do not trust many consumers go directly to the store to buy items, but also tend to maidaojiahuo, resulting in a lot of disputes. e-commerce because of its virtual characteristics, the problem is more serious, although their homes, the click of a mouse, you can browse through the computer screen online store a variety of commodities, and then re-enter their home address and the number of data will was selected goods delivered to their doorsteps. however, due to the virtualization of the transaction process, consumers in advance you can not see the samples of commodities and can not face to face transactions, the exposed has become increasingly serious problem. some call it online advertising everywhere, goods sent home to face non-. according to media reports, the one who lives in shanghai consumers browse taobao page, from a website designed beautiful electronics store to buy an inkjet printer. 2 days after this e-shops sent to packaging was very fine printer to send, receive the printer, mr. unboxing to check to see models, that color is just what you selected earlier, it is pleased to pay the other party to give him a computer print-out price single. the first few days, the printer is working properly, but two weeks after something has gone wrong, in addition to cardboard, the writing is uneven depth spray. mr. accordance with the instructions on the number to call with this company, but the defendant is empty number. he found the complaints from the consumers association, the consumers association said helpless because there is no formal invoice. chinas industry is still in a more naive time, many still lack quite competitive, so the quality is uneven. plus the lower part of the businesss level of business ethics, causing market disorder, the trust degree of poor consumer goods. so many consumers prefer to take some time on the store to buy something, believe in words are but wind, seeing is believing concept, a lack of confidence in online shopping. this factor has seriously hampered the launching of e-commerce.3. lack of network technologynetwork platform security technical level is low. e-commerce network platform whether there is sufficient technical capacity to ensure effective authentication of network transactions proceed smoothly, and the capacity to confirm the transaction subject is another issue of integrity that we can not be ignored. some obstacles due to the exchange and sharing of information resources, and banking network in the smooth implementation of standardized docking and customer identification, so that to ensure confidentiality of the data to be challenged from time to time, resulting in the use of false id card to open a bank savings account and credit card has occurred frequently malicious overdraft events repeated. electronic trading is very convenient, but if the transfer of information on the internet security is not enough, especially the prevention and control of e-commerce credit risk is relatively weak, and may result in personal data being stolen, abused, or credit card stolen with. network fraud hard to detect, so consumers are skeptical of the internet. at present, some well-known e-commerce website does not use any encryption mechanism, transaction security risks remain. in addition, consumer privacy protection mechanism is not perfect, site master some consumer privacy information, e-commerce transactions with the virtual space of the characteristics of online fraud, counterfeiting relatively easy conditions, resulting in the interests of consumers and easier to damage, serious impact on the consumer electronics shopping confidence and enthusiasm. china has not generate enough attention to privacy protection, which may result in violations of consumer privacy phenomenon occurs, the loss of a large number of customer information and diffusion are threatening the development of e-commerce health. the security of electronic transactions is the biggest problem hindering development of electronic commerce. quite a few experts believe that e-commerce is the new direction of internet technology, is built on the basis of technical network systems, which originated from the technology, problems in the development of electronic commerce, only improvements in technology to solve the through the firewall, encryption technology, digital signatures, authentication and other technology, online information flow to ensure the confidentiality, integrity and non-repudiation. however, so far, improvements in technology does not solve the security issues of e-commerce. february 1996, co-sponsored by visa and master card two credit card international organizations to protect scr secure electronic transactions on the internet protocol (security electronic transation), although a better solution to the current e-commerce transaction security problem. in practice, however, proved that a purely technical means of prevention can not play a permanent restraining effect on a variety of malicious attacks and cybercrime. only a two-pronged approach of legal and technical in order to safeguard and protect the sound development of e-commerce. 13外文资料翻译中文译文电子商务市场之诚信问题第1章 中国电子商务市场诚信危机的表现 利用电子商务进行交易必然会涉及到信用与支付问题。由于电子商务的“无纸化”和“无址化”, 对参加交易的各方提出了更高的信用要求.处于转型期的中国社会,传统的“义理社会”价值体系的约束作用正在日趋削弱,而基于法制基础之上的“契约社会”还远未形成。信用的概念在不少人的眼中甚是淡薄，因此也给与电子商务密切配套的支付手段带来了很大的不利影响。目前国内所进行的电子商务交易，其支付手段可以说是土洋结合。信用卡、借记卡、储蓄卡、邮局汇款和货到付款等多种支付方式混合使用，有的甚至是使用网上查询、网下交易的方法。虽然现在有一些银行开始进行在线支付和开办网上银行业务等方面的试点工作，但是在中国信用制度还很不完善的情况下，单靠银行的力量也很难解决这一问题。而且，由于人与人间的信任度较差，很少有人愿意贸然通过网络的形式把自己的信用卡帐号等个人资料告诉企业，因为稍不留神就会发生想象不到的严重问题。现在大多数从事电子商务的企业，都选择了货到付款这样一种较可靠的方式，以解决在货款的支付中双方互不信任的问题。但是，电子商务活动进行的最终目的，就是为了进行快捷、方便、安全的交易，使资金使用和货物流向趋于合理。如果我们仍然沿用传统的交易方法，使用现款支付的方式来实行网上交易，必然会制约企业电子商务的运作规模，而且违背了电子商务活动的初衷。电子商务环节中存在的失信行为大体表现在一下几个方面：1.1 货物品质失真消费者利用电子商务网站网上购物，虽具有安全、方便等诸多的优点，但根据消费者反馈，通过上网所购的商品往往达不到消费者的心理预期，还存在以次充好的现象。例如作者经常在淘宝网上购物，往往在网站图片上看到的货品样式十分诱人，图片制作非常优美，可是等到购买之后，货物送到自己手上的时候才发现实物和网站上的图片相差甚，感觉非常不值。货品失真，是电子商务网上购物存在的一个非常严重的失信现象。1.2 货物失踪在网上购物的消费者投诉方面，消费者进行了网上支付，却没收到货物的投诉不在少数，这种设诉现象可以分以下几种具体情况: 物流环节出了问题，导致卖方无法受到货物; 买方恶意骗货; 卖方欺诈。1.3 信用卡诈骗电子商务的支付与结算，需要电子化金融体系的密切配合，如果安全问题被人忽视，消费者的信用卡就可能被人盗用。第2章 中国电子商务诚信问题的深层次探究2.1 网络媒介信息不对称信息不对称这一现象早在20世纪70年代便受到英国剑桥大学教授詹姆斯莫里斯和美国哥伦比亚大学教授威廉维克瑞网两位经济学家的关注和研究，此后30 多年来，不对称信息理论在经济活动中的作用越来越大，为表彰这两位经济学家的杰出贡献，1996 年授予了他们诺贝尔经济学奖。意味着这一理论体系的最终完成，它为市场经济提供了一个新的视角。信息不对称现象是指交易双方总有一方只能获取不完整的信息。两位经济学家的研究表明:信息不对称现象广泛存在于市场经济中，降低了交易者信心，提高交易成本，从而对整个行业产生次品驱逐优质品的破坏作用。电子商务是新兴事物，其实质是一种新的交易模式和手段。即:通过网络完成商务活动。其作用除了造就新型的在线虚拟企业之外，主要体现在它对传统产业的全面改造上。电子商务应用互联网发布相关信息，加快社会公众的认知程度，以节省交易成本。但是与传统商务活动相比，电子商务中存在的信息不对称现象不是更少，而是更多，并且更加复杂。笔者认为以下几种电子商务环节中的信息不对称现象是各种失信行为的直接原因。2.1.1 消费者与商务网站之间的“签约前信息不对称”信息经济学把商品分为搜索商品与经验商品。一般而言，商品的有关特性可以通过购买时的触摸、掂量和查验来辨别的商品为搜索商品，而那些需要在使用一段时期后才能辨别和了解其特性的商品称为经验物品。例如:在传统交易中鲜花是典型的搜索商品，我们可以在购买之前，看到花的颜色和光泽，闻到花香，通过水分含量判断花朵的采摘时间。而在电子商务的购物环节，几乎所有的商品都成了经验商品。通过网站上花的图片，消费者所能得到的信息只有花的品种及颜色，对香气、采摘时间和花朵数等信息根本无从了解，或者说这些信息的获取成本太高(配置芳香识别系统)。这使卖方处于有利地位，消费者处于信息不对称，也使卖方以次充好成为可能。由于这种信息不