汽车专业外文翻译2.docx

外文翻译automotive safetytechnology is divided intoactive safety technologyand passive safety technology.now following is a briefvehicleactive safety.abc active body control systemabc system allows cars on the roll, pitch, yaw, beating, and ride height control can be more rapid and precise.body roll is small, the wheel camber angle is also small, will be able to better keep the tires perpendicular to the ground contact to improve the adhesion of the tire on the ground in order to take full advantage of the drive tire braking effect.the emergence of abc to overcome the suspension settings between comfort and handling the conflict, to maximize the vehicle to reach customers in both of these cars on the abc system to roll, pitch, yaw, beating and body heightcontrol can be more rapid and precise.abd automatic brake differentialbraking system is a new product, its main role is to shorten the braking distance, and the abs, ebd, etc. with the application.when the emergency brake, the car will be down nod, the weight of the car forward, while the corresponding vehicle weight borne by the rear wheel will be less severe when the rear wheels lose grip, then the equivalent of only the front wheelthe brake will cause braking distance is too long.the abd can effectively prevent this, it can detect all the wheel speed discovery of this situation, the corresponding reduction of rear wheel braking force, to make it effective friction with the ground, while adding to the maximum braking force front wheelto achieve the purpose of shortening the braking distance.abd is the difference with the abs, abs braking in an emergency is to ensure that the wheels are not locking in order to achieve the purpose of safe handling, and can not effectively shorten the braking distance.the abd is the vehicle through the ebd to ensure does not occur in the case of skidding, allowing increased to the maximum braking force in order to effectively shorten the braking distance.abs anti-lock brake systemin the absence of abs, if the emergency brake locking the tire will generally, after the locking of the tire and the ground is sliding friction, so the braking distance becomes longer.if the front wheel lock, car steering loss of lateral force, easily deviation; if the rear wheels locked, the rear wheels will lose lateral grip, prone to drift.especially in the snow surface, when the emergency brake, the more likely the above situation.abs braking oil pressure by controlling the retractable, to achieve the control wheel locked. course of their work is actually locking - release - locking - release cycle work processes, so that the vehicle is always in the critical state of locking of the roll gap.asr acceleration skid control systemas the name suggests is to prevent the wheel acceleration skid control system, its purpose is to prevent vehicles, especially high-powered car, at the start, and then accelerated the phenomenon of wheel slip to maintain the stability of the vehicle driving direction, maintaining good handling andthe most appropriate driving force, to have a good driving safety.how it works is not complicated: when the computer detects a wheel slip, it will reduce engine power output from, and put the wheels skid braking, until the normal rotation of the wheel.no matter how advanced the car, that are incompatible with the ground only a few dozen square centimeters large area, that is, the ground area of four tires, if not controlled wheel skid, the car will be out of control.do not think that only the wheels from locking when the brakes will be out of danger, as will be wheel spin when starting problem.bas brake assist systemin urgent cases, 90% of car drivers lack decisive step on the brake, brake assist system is designed for this situation, it is the brake pedal from the driver to detect the speed of the vehicle encounteredcase, when the driver in an emergency brake pedal quickly, but the stampede when the power is inadequate, the system will help, and in less than one second of time to the maximum braking force to shorten the braking in an emergencyin case of braking distance.dac downhill assist control drivingthe truth with the same engine brake, the brake system in order to avoid the load is too large, reduce driver burden, down auxiliary control actuator in the sub-location in the l; speed 5-25km / h and open the dac switch conditions, do not step on the accelerator pedal and brake pedal, downhill assist control system can automatically control the speed at the appropriate level.down the auxiliary control system work automatically when the parking light will light up.dsc vehicle dynamic control system bmw developed the dsc control system integrates the asc automatic stability control system and traction control system that can slip through the trend appears to choose the driving wheel brake to control the driving wheel slip state, thus corresponding to the vehicle to playstability.in ice and snow, desert or gravel roads, drivers can simply press a button to enter the dtc mode the vehicle so as to enhance vehicle traction on the road.meanwhile, dsc dynamic stability control system interventions slightly longer response limit, the vehicles traction and driving force also increased, drivers can enjoy sports driving experience extraordinary.dsc dynamic stability control is another function of cbc cornering brake control system, can turn a slight braking force through non-symmetrical system of vehicle steering control to eliminate excessive trend.hac ramp from the vehicle control systemhall-effect speed sensor can sense both the speed and direction of rotation of the rotor can be perceived, and high sensitivity.when the gear in forward gears, and wheel trends have back (uphill drive less), this system automatically apply braking force to the wheels, when the forward movement of the wheels and the braking force is automatically released.this system can help drivers improve driving safety in the operation of the pathway.hdc ramp control systemit proactively sensing the slope of the ramp and road conditions, automatic control of grip, braking force and speed in order to move forward and backward when the full control of speed, stability and security, do not distract the driver to accelerate and brake, where appropriate,manipulation of the steering wheel as long as you can safely pass through dangerous terrain.hdc hill descent control system in the steep slope segment to maintain optimal speed to control.in terms of novice drivers, so off-road driving easier and safereba emergency brake assist deviceunder normal circumstances, most drivers start braking exerted only a small force, then the situation on the brake pedal to increase or adjust the braking force applied.if you have a sudden much larger braking force applied, or the driver reaction too slow, this method will prevent them from time to exert maximum braking force. many drivers also need to impose larger braking force is not ready, or they reacted too late.eba depress the brake pedal by the driver to understand that the rate of braking behavior, if it is aware of the brake pedal, brake pressure increasing panic, eba will start within a few milliseconds all the braking force faster than itsmost driver feet moving much faster.eba emergency braking can significantly shorten the distance and help prevent the occurrence of stop-go traffic in the rear-end accident. eba real-time monitoring system, the movements of the brake pedal, it is monitored to depress the brake pedal once the speed increased sharply, and the drivers continue to strongly depress the brake pedal, it will release the stored hydraulic pressure of 180 bar to exert maximum systempower.once the driver releases the brake pedal, eba system is transferred to the standby mode.as earlier, the maximum braking force applied, emergency brake assist device can significantly shorten the braking distance.ebd electronic brake force distributionvehicle braking, the tire attached to the ground if the four different conditions, for example, the left wheel attached to the slippery road surface, while the right side of the wheel attached to the dry road, four wheel friction with the ground is different in the braking (the same four wheel braking force) it is easy to generate spin, tilt and roll and so on.the function of ebd is to brake the moment, high-speed four tires is calculated as a result of friction with different adhesion values, then adjust the brakes to make it in accordance with the procedures set in motion speed adjustment to achieve the braking force andfriction match, in order to ensure the smooth and safe vehicles.when the emergency brake wheel lock situation, ebd before the abs action has struck a balance between the effective surface of each wheel grip, you can prevent drift and drift, and reduces vehicle braking distance.abs, ebd is actually a secondary feature, which can improve the improve the effectiveness of abs.eds electronic differential lockit is an extension of abs function, used to identify the wheels of the car is not losing the ground friction, and thus the acceleration of the vehicle skid control.compared with ordinary vehicles, vehicles with eds can make better use of traction to enhance the operation of the vehicle, especially on sloping road, edss more noticeable.but it has speed limit, and only in the speed below 40km /h will only be activated when the main start-up and low speed to prevent slipping.esp electronic stability programthis group support system is usually the function of abs and asr.it does this by coming from the sensors to analyze vehicle status information, and then to the abs, asr issue corrective instructions to help the vehicle maintain homeostasis.esp can make the vehicles in a variety of conditions to maintain optimum stability, over-steer or under-steer in the case was more evident.esp generally needs to install steering sensors, wheel sensors, yaw sensor, lateral acceleration sensors.esp can monitor the vehicle driving state, and automatically applied to one or more wheel brake force to keep the car running in the normal lane, and even in some cases can be 150 times per second brake.currently there are 3 types of esp: the four wheels can be applied braking force the independent four-channel or four-wheel system; able to separate the two front-wheel braking force applied dual-channel system; able to separate the two front wheels and the braking force applied braking force exerted on the rear wheels while the three-channel system.esp is its most important features of the initiative, if the abs is a passive response, then the esp but can be avoided. 汽车安全技术分为主动安全技术和被动安全技术，下面简单介绍汽车主动安全技术。abc车身主动控制系统abc系统使汽车对侧倾、俯仰、横摆、跳动和车身高度的控制都能更加迅速、精确。车身的侧倾小，车轮外倾角度变化也小，轮胎就能较好地保持与地面垂直接触，使轮胎对地面的附着力提高，以充分利用胎的驱动制动作用。而abc的出现克服了悬挂设定舒适性和操控性之间的矛盾，最大限度地接近消费者对车辆在这两方面的要求abc系统使汽车对侧倾、俯仰、横摆、跳动和车身高度的控制都能更加迅速、精确。车身的侧倾。 abd自动制动差速器 abd系统是制动力系统的一个新产品，它的主要作用是缩短制动距离，和abs、ebd等配合适用。当紧急制动时，车会向下点头，车的重量前移，而相应的车的后轮所承担的重量就会减少，严重时可以使后轮失去抓地力，这时相当于只有前轮在制动，会造成制动距离过长。而abd可以有效防止这种情况，它可以通过检测全部车轮的转速发现这一情况，相应的减少后轮制动力，以使其与地面保持有效的摩擦力，同时将前轮制动力加至最大，以达到缩短制动距离的目的。abd与abs的区别在于，abs是保证在紧急制动时车轮不被抱死，以达到安全操控的目的，并不能有效的缩短制动距离。而abd则是通过ebd在保证车辆不发生侧滑的情况下，允许将制动力加至最大，以有效的缩短制动距离。abs刹车防抱死系统在没有abs时，如果紧急刹车一般会使轮胎抱死，由于抱死之后轮胎与地面是滑动摩擦，所以刹车的距离会变长。如果前轮锁死，车子失去侧向转向力，容易跑偏；如果后轮锁死，后轮将失去侧向抓地力，容易发生甩尾。特别是在积雪路面，当紧急制动时，更容易发生上述的情况。abs是通过控制刹车油压的收放，来达到对车轮抱死的控制。其工作过程实际上是抱死松开抱死松开的循环工作过程，使车辆始终处于临界抱死的间隙滚动状态。但是在一些电影特技场景中，有的车子是不装abs的，所以我们才能看到它们侧滑、甩尾等多种高难度的刺激场面。对于一些想追求驾驶刺激的高级赛车手，他们同样不喜欢给汽车装上abs。终究一点，abs不是给特级演员和高级赛车手设计的，而是针对一般驾驶者，以保证他们驾车的安全。上世纪90年代汽车配置中最受关注的要属abs了，就是当时的捷达、桑塔纳也不敢说是每车必备，而到了现在，abs已是新车的标准配备。asr加速防滑控制系统顾名思义就是防止驱动轮加速打滑的控制系统, 其目的就是要防止车辆尤其是大马力的车子, 在起步、再加速驱动轮打滑的现象, 以维持车辆行驶方向的稳定性,保持好的操控性及最适当的驱动力, 达到有好的行车安全。它的原理并不复杂：当电脑检测到某个驱动轮打滑时，就会自降低发动机的输出功率，并对打滑的车轮施加制动，直到车轮恢复正常的转动。不管多么高级的轿车，它和地面抵触的都只有几十个平方厘米大的面积，也就是4条轮胎的接地面积，如果车轮打滑得不到控制，车子就会失控。别以为只有刹车时车轮抱死会出危险，起步时车轮打滑一样会出问题。bas制动辅助系统在紧急情况下有90%的汽车驾驶员踩刹车时缺乏果断，制动辅助系统正是针对这一情况而设计，它可以从驾驶员踩制动踏板的速度中探测到车辆行驶中遇到的情况，当驾驶员在紧急情况下迅速踩制动踏板，但踩踏力又不足时，此系统便会协助，并在不到1秒的时间内把制动力增至最大，缩短在紧急制动的情况下的刹车距离。dac下坡行车辅助控制系统与发动机制动的道理相同，为了避免制动系统负荷过大，减轻驾驶员负担，下山辅助控制在分动器位于l位置；车速525kmh并打开dac开关的条件下，不踩加速踏板和制动踏板，下山辅助控制系统可以自动把车速控制在适当水平。下山辅助控制系统工作时停车灯会自动点亮。dsc车身动态控制系统bmw自主开发的dsc控制系统中集成了asc自动稳定控制系统和牵引力控制系统，能够通过对出现滑转趋势的驱动轮进行选择制动来控制驱动轮的滑转状态，从而相应地对车辆起到稳定作用。而在冰雪路面、沙漠或砂砾路面上，驾驶者只需按下一个按钮就可以使车辆进入dtc模式，从而增强车辆在上述路面上的牵引力。同时，由于dsc动态稳定控制系统的干预响应极限稍微延长，车辆的牵引力和驱动力也随之增大，驾驶者能够享受到非同寻常的运动驾驶体验。dsc动态稳定控制系统的另一个功能是cbc弯道制动控制系统，能够在转弯轻微制动时通过非对称的制动力控制消除车辆转向过度趋势。hac坡道起车控制系统霍尔效应式车速传感器既可以感知车速又可以感知转子的旋转方向。并且灵敏度很高(0kmh即可感知)。当挡位位于前进挡，而车轮产生后退趋势时(上坡时驱动力不足)，此系统自动施加制动力与车轮，当车轮又向前运动时制动力自动释放。此系统可以帮助驾驶员提高在坡路驾驶时的安全操作。hdc坡道控制系统它能主动感测坡道的斜度及路面状况，自动控制抓地力、制动力及速度，以便在前进、后退时完全控制速