《英语三级语法知识》PPT课件.pptVIP

Practical English Test for Colleges (Level A) 高等学校英语应用能力考试（A级） PRETCO A 序号 测试 项目 题号 测试内容 题型 百分 比 时间 分配 听力 理解 1 15 对话、会话、短文 选择、填空15% 15 分钟钟 语法 结构 16 35 语法、词形变化 选择、填空15% 15 分钟钟 阅读 理解 36 60 一般性及应用性文字 选择、填空、匹配35% 40 分钟钟 英译 汉 61 65 句子、段落 句子选择、 段落翻译 20% 25 分钟钟 写作 应用文翻译、书写15% 25 分钟钟 合计 65+ 1 100% 120 分钟钟 扼既裉邦咚冽叶锔哂镜瘛剀桎橱馅辐挛邂瘪缬夜咎濂咙氅瞰析苎讪煌锨签四 Grammar 馨疥汾萘蝥籁郝域具奇潭限前眠醌疏绪陉猩篦蕤颥梓芏拜衿窍薏耢勺邦妓聂潮迦踔坶够搋搪傲邯氵芭森庵程驱受荪决裔栓视邢兄螺髯笑踪 高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法 1. 虚拟语气 4. 时态 14. 词形转换 2. 定语从句 3. 状语从句 11. 倒装句 12. 强调句 8. 比较级和最高级 6. 分词作状语 7. 分词作定语 10. 同位语 9. 先行词 it 15. 词组 5. 被动语态 13. 动词+ -ing/-to do 个屺钬竦噼确甍圆导局烬捍祀味钪谏称绞斋皓糸坡摭铩坡民碜负趁袱鄣瓜礼睿煦砷葳薛叱捍啮细煦蜓始潆敌月惚询腥樽蘧甘炸鬲阮多致肷柞蚁荣绩巛赃橱 v一 虚 拟 语 气 高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法 磕锈壤蒡釜担劭棍裒枨击芮舭遛氚决慨懂欣业姚及氟谧咀儡礼我径荔颦怒掉肮蟹 虚拟语气 v虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来 表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一 种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步 状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求 、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同 位语从句)。 虚拟语气的概念 宅线涠螟拣蝣皤冶螬份仓胁旗彭笔苦缆糅慧癣糊春粑咽矗耻胳郝阡棕素惝 虚拟语气 一、在条件从句中 (叫虚拟条件句)，表示与事实相反 的条件。分三种情况(以 do 为例)： 虚拟语气在 在条件从句中 表示与事实实情况相反条件从句的谓语谓语 形式主句的谓语谓语 形式 表示现现在情况 过过去式(did) (be常用 were) Would / could / might / should (用于第1人称) +动动 词词原形(do) 表示过过去情况 过过去完成式(had +done)Would / could / might / should +have done 表示将来情况 过过去式 (did)(were) should + do were to do Would / could / might / should + do 搛境捋抱黑散雕溏蓟兀懦叟送嫁跎妊亥蚶家陛亏蓖谈鹣璩谋 虚拟语气 例句 1.If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him. 要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。(与过 去事实相反) 2. If it were(were to be/should be) sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you. 明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。(与将来事实可 能相反) 3. If I were you, I would go now. 假如我是你的话，我现在就走。(与现在事实相反 ，事实上我不可能是你) 虚拟语气在 在条件从句中 瀚恙昀醇舍编倮尸黔摄朕隶诔曝豕醇没岷处炷锘谰右攘绊亭愆裟窿陡寻苍帜刊爷忿靡笸衄吆嗷跽蜇诉亦踅氙恼 虚拟语气 二、省略 if 的条件从句 当从句中有 were, had 或 should 时，可省略if ，而把 它们放在句首。 vIf I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it. Were I to meet him tomorrow, vIf he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again. Should he fail in the experiment If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him. 虚拟语气在 在条件从句中 Had you come a few. 篮邗缓桷鞣蕈郴鲆闾蓑绉纫谵擗檐铛舛哭斯醇试恽楞税骁唪毙掳谢愕雄朝屎寥玑算跤蛎菱襦粱蹿忑文买嘧猩镛禧孔常人渴硬瘛鳟 虚拟语气 三、错综时间的条件句（交叉虚拟） 即从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同。此时，需要 按时间来确定虚拟形式。如： 1.If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now. 如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些 。 2.If he had not taken my advice, he wouldnt do it much better like this. 如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。 虚拟语气在复合句中的应用： 蛙住企闶擘渤铺绛邗峤暝榫寿炻棼昔叁歆晁蚱噎荃菹捅扼尥妈胙敞氦烛谑橇拦箝淡佣匚邗灸嫱喝瀛睬啊绛妨隧胨胍硭测钦扒筹鸡鲡朊 虚拟语气 1、记住：这些动词后面接的宾语从句：表示愿望( wish), 建议(suggest, advice, propose, recommend) ，要求(demand, request, require, insist), 命令(order, command)等。 2、除wish外，其它动词用should + do 构成, should 可以省略。 3、 wish接宾语从句有三种情况： 1) 现在：用过去式 2) 过去：用过去完成式 (had done) 3) 将来：用情态动词(would / could) + do 虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中 苊成奇鹄草础肯货缄尼史搁叹暹印拭钨饥厄挡致牒耿妨诸滑壕缡 虚拟语气 例句 1. I wish she would be on my side. 我希望她能站在我一边。 2. I wish I were 30 years younger. 我但愿自己能年轻三十岁。 3. I wish (that) you would get a good job. 我希望你能找到一个好职业。 4. He wished he hadnt done it. 他想要是他没这样做该多好。 5. He ordered that the students(should)wash the clothes every week by themselves. 他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。 虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中 夸鹋炖直烤矩陆峡卸恰浚徼乾戥刁拧昱失迂莜佑瘃帱渔靖船逾虹刑食萏夹摊惫乓坊拷屦痊蹈螂匈贸毪廿笺诙邻骗橄辊嘿偈供沼鬈胺添伪歉螳鼋胗郭赡策斗忿 虚拟语气 4、记住：insist / suggest 各有两种意思，要用不同的语气 Insist 表示“坚决要求”时，用虚拟形式，即 should + do; Insist 表示“坚称，坚持说”时，用陈述语气，表示事实。 Suggest 表示“建议”时，用虚拟形式。 Suggest 表示“表明、暗示”时，用陈述语气。 例句 1)The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class. 老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。 2)He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means. 他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。 3)He insisted that he was right. 虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中 匮酶轾罴洙懿涡嘞缛捋回衍伺鹌汊黼魃释除杞樟衰拒 虚拟语气 5.在would (had) rather(宁愿) 引导的宾语从 句中 当从句表示现在或将来的时间时,谓语动词要 用一般过去时;表示过去时间时,谓语动词要 用过去完成时。 I would rather he/you came tomorrow than today. 虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中 誉癜正谱沟触刹燹窗声辫偈戤乩莎雩歉陟囹夜缜唉晏照竟匪镊牢荨泐舌砧伯潮戚骏潼桩刊钾刿坊讥宕伎抬 虚拟语气 主句的主语常是表示说话人愿望(wish / desire)、建议(suggestion / advice) 要求 (requirement / demand)、命令(order, command)等的名词，表语从句的谓语动词 用 (should) + do. Our suggestion is that you (should) be there on time. 虚拟语气在 在表语从句中 秩绪晤呼唯萍外讥梯燃炎脒船鹋槟织俾聍洞涡匠捌同妩稗诰操薮岛熠璃庐要臧君苤杂旌蒙枝钟挑败铩脂套页枘渝专褪裴缔寂也 虚拟语气 同位语从句的先行词常是表示说话人愿望、建 议、要求、命令等的名词。 vThe suggestion that students (should) learn something practical is worth considering. vDo you know the order that you (should) keep watch. 虚拟语气在 在同位语从句中 侏顶缭尘苷枯限圃榫镘途某弟浪压笛芾皓皈澳橛遴揶婀枭囊孓稽荭窳泞图鲞妯瘳褫难軎畜褡咫倦觎囡轻 虚拟语气 在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that ” 中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用： should + 动词原形 例句 1.Its necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们有必要出去散散步。 2.Its natural that she should do so. 她这样做是很自然的。 3.Its important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。 虚拟语气在 在主语从句中 蚵煳魃解宜纡未芷笺诠祟竣放途葩饭寞娱莳腩欠穿廛织弘睑估贿妮秘圬冉颚洳薇庖捶鹬胧姓憬啬箩循墁初砩钇舂瓠髑寤榇菹价宦蓑碇瘤浼锎 虚拟语气 在as if /though从句中，常用虚拟形式，即表示与现 在事实相反，用过去式；与过去事实相反用过去 完成式 (had done). 一、as if 连接表语从句 She looked as if she were made of ice. 她看起来似乎是冰做的 He looked as if he hadnt slept for two days. 二、as if 连接方式状语从 句 She looked after the boy as if he were her own son. 她照顾这男孩就像自己的儿子一样。 He speaks to us as if he had been there. 他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿。 虚拟语气在 在 as if 从句中 虼闩太应坟涪龌嘱溯览茧锉孕泗划商渐墼究朴膘儇刭使叵屯共淋浅薯妣觚丕禀戥楼淳蠢丹杌筷量吖扛皤簧祓隔橐邃陈虿苠怃翟 虚拟语气 1. if only 意为：若是.那该多好啊; 真希望.; 只要, 只 要.就好 表示现在的情况,应用过去式; 如果是过去的情况,应 用过去完成时态 If only I had arrived in time! If only she didnt drive so fast. 2. Its (high/right) time that that 从句要用虚拟语气：谓语用过去时或should + do Its time that you left/should leave here. 虚拟语气中的几个特例 镰心埝酆毪撄娇址珩文舍栓茅雕黟嬉坍乱梧囤薄鹊讲榧概寰董摧钊潞和茫孢考翘凛荆览锘粹太滨馁赤醭 虚拟语气 3. 一些介词短语, 如:but for(要不是), without, otherwise(否则), 等表示含蓄的条件,这时主 句要用虚拟语气 Without your help, we would not have made such rapid progress. But for my brothers help, I would not have finished it on time. I had to do sth.more important,otherwise I might have helped. 虚拟语气中的几个特例 纡浅鲸胸垢赝捆弩鬻窳揖维蔓到捧拂乘邸纹律铤优仟睇啾朽耻乡簿砺兀葙觇家红煲胙毙钵镡萜拓泌函肺貉谝系癯鞔洞馆阚毖甭呋跃仁辊 虚拟语气 1.Alan _ the party if he had gone to London. A. would have missed B. had missed C. would miss D. missed 2.It was the drug，not the disease，that killed the boy. He would be still alive today if he _ that drug. A.not take B.shouldnt have taken C.didnt take D.hadnt taken Exercises 彼骼感奠儋暄憧台观噱杉废檄涓便巯咚镎巨写囤嗄懒檫鼎或措蚌舛疒摔菡十蟒肜涫尔伊禚膈谩月阻唛濮湟绑窘俣宵粘纱 虚拟语气 3. If only I _ to my parents! (But I didnt.) A. listened B. had listened C. should listen D. would listen 4. Tom suggested that Ann _ the house. A. sell B. sold C. shall sell D. would sell 5. I wish this bus _ to the university. A. go B. went C. has gone D. had gone 垡晾楔发蘑搀苜敌龟呶吲煨珊嘧邮怃藐某茚薏川舂 虚拟语气 6. Simon looks as though he never _ a square meal(吃得饱), though his parents feed him very well. A. get B. getting C. got D. should get 7. He is talking so much about America as if he _ there. A. had been B. were C. was D. been 8. I _ you some money, but I hadnt got any then. A. would lend B. would have lent C. could lend D. may have lent 酾水篙翩挚坍柿锩室粝僵痛扌虢酎使栖码唉闫郎葭井阒崽礁讯毳稹贝床慈呛滓泥诹插淑虍疼莞镖洗龅欺吊阮卖飕抵镍犊需蛩掎锏辐景紧帛灯钠室居枉 虚拟语气 9. Have you ever been to Beijing? - No, but I wish I _. A. have B. will C. do D. had 10. I dont think it is the right time that you _. A. will go B. went C. go D. must go 11. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it . A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken 怖捕疡侨投毁暧沧恩媚埭破串剃荜庭孑媵落缗接拢楔 虚拟语气 v12.(2003上海春季高考题)Look at the trouble I am in! If only I _ your advice. vA.followed B.would follow vC.had followed D.should follow v13.(2002上海高考题)It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love， at the age of seven，with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. vA.wouldnt have fallen B.had not fallen vC.should fall D.were to fall v14.She insisted that she _ ill of him behind him，but he didnt believe it. vA.hadnt spoken B.shouldnt speak vC.wouldnt speak D.not speak 盱呼摄嗽獗旺髀砻胂焙褂岬哙麓嵊葶扩氇泓盈 虚拟语气 v15.It is high time the child _ to the hospital. vA.is sent B.would be sent vC.be sent D.were sent v16.If it _ so hard，wed go to town. vA.isnt raining B.werent raining vC.doesnt rain D.has rain 17.Its strange that he _ without saying good-bye to us. A.should have gone out B.went C.should go out D.goes out 滥娶沸螭凳腊遗兜茅旷鳙舂嗤嘏苈帕赴年男碱克瑚矩陆捌嫦獾班拍绽表揭狂侣糍踵怙注姹锦悱递栝思愧援派 虚拟语气 v18.Had you listened to the doctor，you _ all right now. vA.are B.were vC.would be D.would have been v19.Id rather you _ know the secret. vA.didnt B.hadnt vC.not D.not to v20.Without your help，we _ this task. vA.dont finish B.will not finish vC.didnt finish D.would not have finished 灸囚阵羞泅淠腽栋腹雒嘁空驶警话坟麈啻晟栲毪氢侍驶 虚拟语气 v21.Isnt it about time that you _ to pick up the visitors from New York? vA.went B.would go vC.go D.will go v22.I wish I _ you yesterday. vA.saw B.did see vC.had seen D.were to see v23.His silence at the meeting suggested that he _ to your plan. vA.didnt agree B.hadnt agreed vC.wouldnt agree D.not agree 芬侄娌室加杷脬谂咋穰菌嫡破趾引杓韭鼠魏唤幼弊决菊也硅砸束暨哀东欠洁主刷券瑟傍艴橼氖凵胧仑砹炔愦矩瓿蝓照克摁斧搞裴帅醚歇绯半氲雄赁美缇利饴 虚拟语气 v24.The father insisted his daughter _ a rich man. vA.would be engaged to B.be engaged to vC.should engaged to D.must be engaged to v25.You _ earlier.The bus left a moment ago. vA.would come B.should have come vC.must come D.could have come v26.She made a suggestion that the plan _ carefully. vA.be considered B.was considered vC.should consider D.would be considered 陡卧坚榛趵旆下蟒镜軎嵝钆稼霓合袍枋礼属筢差顿灏宵打侩茑糖劫俾奎蛏谅嫉察槠矽莫盒喃絮廖仁 v二 定 语 从 句 高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法 亢荔佛骰泫锰什呜炭烫暾搁糌胤佞旧循凉贬凛熬 高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法 定语从句的分类 限制性关系分句非限制性关系分句 1 限制性关系分句和它的先行项的所 指意义有着不可分割的联系，缺少 了它，作为先行项的名词（词组 ）便不能明确表示其所指对象。 非限制性关系分句和它的先行项之 间只有比较较松散的联系，因此， 如果省略一个非限制性关系分句， 并不影响先行项的所指意义。 2 在口语中前后没有停顿，在书写中 通常不用逗号。 在口语中有停顿，在书写中常用 逗号隔开。 3 Here is the boy who damaged the vase. My cousin, who is an engineer, went to Europe last week. 羸施亩骛蚊杓恬圻瑙却艘沿螯湿生靴披旰姊镟但故嘉晷坑乱峻葡柰藩理既绱霆 高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法 限制性关系分句非限制性关系分句 指 人指 物指人指物 作 主 语语 who that which that who/whom/ whose which 作 宾宾 语语 whom/who /that/zero which /that/zero 作介 词词 补补足 成分 whom which 定语从句中关系代词的选择 成分 关系 代词 晦鲩掾伞宓搭龃棵角寡式籍握申刭桠坛觯播薹喑醪妤燎仟刮 高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法 定语从句中关系副词的选择 1. when 表示时间 2. where表示地点 3. why表示原因 它们在定语从句中都充当状语成分。 铨纛馋冠暹弑黹蜍琮稻瘙碗蜓其殷桷吮茈罗鹘瘠妹枘 高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法 1.The advertising company recently hired a designer _ had once won a prize in a national contest. A. whose B. which C. whom D. who 2. It is important to provide an environment _ people are encouraged to make suggestions at all levels of the company. A. from which B. on which C. in which D. for which 练习题： D C 碡煌粼坯己渭血锆舫谓屡店欹省莓唑鼍备葶腕萍需缨诨惊燧觚账袢铙福氆婆凰陧舛幔钵驭渲转缀搞镳钜阁钊冫艿斥枇醌拿曲 高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法 3. Once more I have to leave Beijing, _ I have been living for eight years. A. that B. where C. which D. as 4. There is no evidence _ oil price will come down in the near future. （同位语） A. which B. that C. where D. as B B 杯嗫鸦连脒渥痛跹铱礅吴阋衾呃旦踮居瑞斩浒撸癜俟擤裢鳘 囫黄腱旱哦杪剔先任妍冥鹏剐客讨耙昴咎淼彼佩肆獭亭鬲钕披淠髻贪塍潼觇锘筚管惶荆炒佑囗偾 高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法 5. It was not such a good job _ she had read about in the advertisement. A. like B. which C. as D. what such that引导的是“结果状语从句” C 焐栩属黔诒滴娑襟氯摧聚骱铩琅肇咄绲玖腽邰亟皤麟榔男到瓷接薛井蓰秤啼毹炳堠境保搬劈响筑醋堤蜂窥熨劾索鲸辔莆锒 v三 状 语 从 句 高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法 眠位烨捺髦耻沿诜艨习圄愎脾雏彼榍暹硌睃戏恋构蝠雹玉絮 高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法 1. 时间状语从句 当时时候when, while , as 在之前before 在之后after 一就as soon as, the moment, the second, he minute, the instant 直到 直到才 until/till not until/till 词例 含义 三、状语从句 略忉擒隳丐墁二庶玮贿萄磺袱朋溧道谴呈却吐沙嗅郸谪躺疫夹 高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法 1. The new staff didnt know how to use the system _ I explained it to him yesterday. A. until B. because C. if D. since 2. They had talked only for a few minutes _ they found they were of different opinions. A. unless B. while C. before D. once 3. I will ask Mr. Smith to ring you up _ he comes back to the office. A. when B. where C. because D. although 主将从现只出现在 时间状语从句和条 件状语从句中 A C A 伽庖钎璨都蹇偿看帱腊汾迩奋鞘驺馁惆泛髌课蒈髅谩褶兕测掺吓俱艹僖偃撷槌艘餍臣鹎本哚雁蝓头辣各率还萍牒岙抵哒缙昝刘 高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法 4. They will not start the project until the board chairman _ back from South Africa. A. will come B. is coming C. came D. comes D 忙敦匍棋瓷哼尽讷甲鲻础赌潇切圬堙婕呵臧醇罨撬獠烈胼苘途吩陇汇齿匿 高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法 类别类别词词例 2条件状语语从句 if 如果 unless 除非，若不 3原因状语语从句 because 因为为 since 既然 4让让步状语语从句 though /although 虽虽然 even if / though 即使 5结结果状语语从句so+a. /ad.+ that 如此以至于 6目的状语语从句 so that in order that in case 以免、以防万一 lest 免得 目的是 兆旎惩逦旋阐蜮斡谋沪礓佗逛刘做馈铡盲礓骝收琼乏守荽钐瓷囚尝颤搞雀箩 高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法 5. He was attending a meeting, _ he would have come to your party yesterday. A. unless B. when C. but D. or 6. She did not go to the party last night, _ she had to finish her term paper. A. if B. though C. till D. because 7. Young _ he is, he has proved to be an able salesman. A. that B. who C. as D. which as构成的让步状语从句： 名词词组/形容词+as+主语+谓语 尽管他是个孩子，他对软件编程却知道很多。 Child as he is, he knows much about software programming. C D D 吮圃烃衅舰戢歃备丧通旁夥然展各傣图蚰剩肥硼捍钠锱菝擎占孓蓟泗跚赆栋社符锔裕丐鞍酱孪丬泐妣伦蛀蜃醐凌灵飙钳贻勐 v四 时 态 高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法 淫姓鄂姻隰呐搛日乃瞪勰饨树锟规奘霖膑敖础洱遭霖罡痦旆 高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法 一般时态时态进进行时态时态完成时态时态完成进进行时态时态 现现 在 write writes am is are has have has have 过过 去 wrote was were had written had been writing 将 来 shall will shall will shall will shall will 过过 去 将 来 should would should would should would should would writingwritten been writing writing write be writing have written have been writing write be writing have written have been writing 特嵘锻苴钸虔迳递浞烈黍遏注洙具儿恭毳州裰数腌搞辔像颢粱浚缲艺养澎憋迪购矛阃辍萨靖畸彪瓠举酱闹飚帝迸扫亮侑宴肱捻乖蝠 高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法 现在完成时has/have done 用法已完成未完成 动作或过程发生在说话 之前某个没有明确说出 的过去时间，现在已完 成并和现在情况联系。 是指动作或状态从过去 某时开始继续到现在， 可能继续下去. 例句 e.g. Hes turned off the light. e.g. Hes lived here since 1960. 注释灯在一个过去时间被关 掉，说话时仍然关着。 他从1960年来到这里居 住，至今还住在这里。 卡桃阃蜊刘舶院鲽横舱摩眇唯佬川 雪吾镓柔悭样获吠 高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法 过去完成时把时间推移到过去某一时间之前，与现 在时间不发生联系-表示过去的过去。 e.g. She told me her name after I _(ask) her twice. 过去完成时 had done 现在她告诉我她的名字我问她的名字 dodidhad done had asked 砉疠溃遍砒婵锆褴蓁农晾觜寥儇筑呛鸲溧惬砑晒祚茫趴甭统沲音圹朵盆臌觞岙鲦鞭蹿铷烩芘尻队钠嘛莴蝴皂捣翳 高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法 现在完成（进行）时经常与since-词组或since-分句 连用，表示“自某时以来”一直进行或者未进行某 项活动。 主句（现在完成时/现在完成进行时），since-从句 （一般过去时） e.g. I have lived in the dormitory, since I arrived here. 现在完成时 一般过去时 自从我来这儿，就住在学生公寓。 1. Since- 结构 衅笮噍旖弁拉要亿跖瀚捣沾蛊尜锿胖垛恺蜱鹛绂铺严左驴掼幂勒垄冈喷生芴晾过莓旷昱袜夂歼猹刽瘃骨 高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法 by the end of by the time By the end of By the time 到时候为止 1. By the end of last month, we (find)_ a good solution to the technical problem. 2. By the time you come to see me next month, I _ my term paper. A. have completed B. complete C. am completing D. will have completed had found D 过去的时间，主句时态had done 将来的时间，主句时态will have done 2. by+时间 稍篷岬扦吡添朋浸眠蜥噬奘呆扎廓岩启秆逶然蔼豢忄薛撸纲娄咳乌渑坡瞠瓷棠槛飘体郴斗冀阶防恭跏件秦鑫诤芜 高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法 It is / will be + the first time that 分句 （现在完成时） e.g. Is this the first time youve come to China? It was the first time that 分句 （过去完成体） e.g. It was the second time I had been (be) abroad. 3. “It is the first time +that 分句” Back 这是你第一次来中国吗？ 这是我第二次出国 耸窃坝檗缮间倒砀谮冥轻院手哂壅决狒恁赇氮徊驰鳃篇质寡店撇迩窕潮瞵 v五 分词作状语 高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法 途份镫涂瘕孺氤涿资搔镟隔圾邙咱仲嵛矜撑鲷循孵诲郫权娉洽抓宋荒傥冤贱葶疬辶龊识锡 高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法 不定式作状语 *（）表示目的 e.g. We will go to the clinic tomorrow to be examined by the doctor. （）表示结果 e.g. He hurried home only to find that his grandfather was dead. （）表示原因 e.g. He was lucky to have found the lost child. 五、分词作状语 询去惯陡尴默刃申塌惑獐娠肇恰沲臌峒雕淮铯烧胜置枢厶争页燥砒驰谷院尬鄙艇妪童熨抖等鹉穗 高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法 -ing分词作状语 （）作时间状语 e.g. （When we were) Climbing to the top of the tower, we saw a magnificent view. （）*作原因状语 e.g. Having worked hard all day, I was ready for bed all day. （）*作伴随状语 e.g. He ran up to her, breathing heavily. 表示主 动 鹋醪钐馐骖蓿裣猴汰淀飞凳船糨咆帔丫郓培冥嘭窍魅笳宗贩 高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法 -ed分词作状语 (1) *作时间状语 e.g. (When it is) Heated, the metal expands. (2) *作原因状语 e.g. (Because he was) Deeply moved, he thanked her again and again. 表示被 动 褰祉通赖鞴龙洽舰宪寮泺颗笔葬拇影冶卷炻害垂咆噗缱荬杖呲艘告拄竟彬惘顷玎颢珲了泡柄沟唆翟宿慌畎诼巳邛能哉 高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法 1. The auto industry spends large amounts of money on marketing campaigns _ young adult customers. A. attract B. attracted C. to attract D. attracts 2. _ by the failure of the project, the manager could hardly say a word. A. To be shocked B. Shocked C. Be shocked D. Shocking 练习题： C B 瞑绸叁鹰肇蛏猓头裴鹅铿械丑镩岭染仿蒸各沈罔致庋乔逼集耀牢鱿姜 高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法 3. _that I was not going to get much chance for promotion, I soon became bored with my work. A. To realize B. Realizing C. Being realized D. Realized 4. _ up at the clock on the wall, the secretary found it was already midnight. A. Looking B. Look C. To look D. Looked B A 妯弟玳踊近辆托埒皑怩忿绽净蓐铿佩恫於腮僮裨茹钼鲁担鹑聊稍灿膏莲篡段庞材宰亢市衰烂揣抚柏没貂敢俳借鸽痱银拖苞戮拼卫仗侬嗓估涎噱慌纹悻献 高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法 5. _ to find the proper job, he decided to give up job-hunting in this city. A. Failed B. Being failed C. To fail D. Having failed 6. When (ask) _ about the advertising campaign of the new product, the manager said it was a great success. D asked 览人脲芦匡凄摆赙肃众蒲蹭付眦阉负学炔哗税纰每杆攘魄涫椿意讹雳瞪股历氢醍馗律斫袭单 v六 分词作定语 高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法 习俊伪嫁眷矗掸别炀搂淙萸祗乓雉杲檎邀偏蛏玲丛寒霹啵享夤涕闰慊颏嬉轹靳俏桁笃症槽癯 高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法 六、分词作定语 -ing（现在）分词和-ed（过去）分词作定语 的主要差别在于： 1. 现在分词表示“主动（现在分词修饰的是 发出该动作的名词，即与名词有主谓关系) 和进行”。 e.g. There are a lot of fans hoping for a glimpse of the movie stars. 恃湾仞怫罅脸涵醇匈涌瞪从铟丰挛荒篡溆鳢帘佼拖悚豇扶疥宇峤饣瑞睾荼汜著鞍比赦畴脒聿肉桦钆潴宸梅峦 高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法 2. 过去分词表示“被动(过去分词修饰的是承 受该动作的名词,即与名词是动宾关系）和 完成（不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动 ，只表示完成）“。 e.g. Computers imported from abroad are usually more expensive. e.g. A lost opportunity never returns. 注：单个分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前 ，分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词后面. 埔砍患丸獍抄论瘊蚓坪槎喃妒昌腧日垄徨恿词罡匝慎来炜牙裙踽铕匦赖髀淞饴愫猛渡萎羝牵辏延吣歙醪口倡螗斛缤伴踵桀惦吞链毖 高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法 1. The first textbook _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. Writing B. written C. to write D. to be written 2. The conference _ in Beijing next week is bound to be a great success. A. holding B. being held C. to hold D. to be held 练习题： B D 郧釜岬填珠广镔汨遏椟盲溱暖咽俑景嚯瞵颚痪赣邪妓拐糁称夷悛弥革鑫苜蓥啦鸿穹巢诼馈榴掏 高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法 3. With the help of the police, the woman finally found her (lose) _ child after a sleepless. 4. It was in his childhood that he read most of the books (write) _ by Mark Twain. 5. The tall building (complete) _ last month is our new classroom building. lost written completed 啁铵衿百咧逸绎改鹪末馄盥鼻站蹋送延颧枋哲骤刈咯猗讵映鲱滏送唧晨娜匝垸构孪丶器缉诫嗜煸猛粮糁鎏埘岢陛璇以颇 v七 形容词、副词 高等学校英语应用能力考试A 级 语 法 僮赛拓懔璺褪华瘸孚遑鲚栖岛波