《考博英语写作三》PPT课件.ppt

Lecture 4 情景作文写作（二） 考研英语情景写作常见问题 1.无话可说，难以下笔。 2.有话可说，但不对路。 3.文章安排，极不合理。 4.结构混乱，缺乏关联。 5.语言表达，错误繁多。 6.用词贫乏，句式单一。 7.时间限制，无法完成。 8.字迹不清，影响阅卷。 多读、多写、多改 审题（Analyze the question） 构思（Brainstorm） 列提纲（Outline） 写作（Write up） 检查（Check up） 英语情景写作步骤 1 图，表提示 1) 图表作文 2) 图画作文 2 纯文字提示 1） 提纲式 2） 规定情景式 英语情景写作题目类型 DIRECTIONS: A) Title: WHERE TO LIVE-IN THE CITY OR THE COUNTRY? B) Time limit: 40 minutes C) Word limit: 120-150 words (not including the given opening sentence) D) Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should start with the given opening sentence. E) Your composition must be written clearly in the ANSWER SHEET. OUTLINE: 1.Conveniences of the city 2.Attractions of the country 3.Disadvantages of both 4.My preference 一提纲式作文 Where to LiveIn the City or the Country? Many people appreciate the conveniences of the city. People can enjoy a colorful life there. They are well-informed because they have the access to news. They are well-paid because they have stable jobs. They are well-fed and well-dressed because there is an adequate supply of goods. They often have a wonderful time because there are many places for recreation and relaxation. On the contrary, others are attracted by the country. They like clear streams, fresh air and high mountains. In the country, people feel closer to naturethe very nature that gives man life. However, both the city and the country have their disadvantages. Air pollution is very serious in the city. Moreover, it is so crowded that many people dont want to go out. In the country, it is inconvenient to buy things. Besides, people can find no way to kill the long and tedious nights. I prefer to live in the city for a time and then go to the country for a change. Where to Live For many people, to live in a city is a great fortune. With its cinemas and theatres, shops and restaurants, a city offers them benefits of the latest scientific achievements in every respect. They just cant imagine living in the countryside, where too many inconveniences and little entertainment are intolerable. For some people, however, happiness lies in the countryside. With its peace and quiet, fresh and clean air, and beautiful and natural views. They can be freed from the noise and bustle of the city, and dont have to worry about air pollution and traffic accidents, which everyone in the city suffers from. I choose to live in a suburb so as to enjoy the advantages and avoid the disadvantages of both. DIRECTIONS: A. Study the following set of pictures carefully and write an essay in no less than 120 words. B. Your essay must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET. C. Your essay should cover all the information provided and meet the requirements below: a) Interpret the following pictures. b) Predict the tendency of tobacco consumption and give your reasons. 二、图表作文 From the above set of pictures, we can see that there were a total of 14.364 billion pounds of tobacco produced in 1994 and 14.2 billion pounds in 1995. Because the amount of tobacco production is falling yearly, it can be predicted that the tendency of tobacco consumption would also be falling yearly. There are many reasons. Firstly, smoking wastes money. Every year there are two hundred billion dollars “burnt” in the cigarette “fire”, secondly, smoking would hardly do people any good and it can even cause caner. Every year there are three million people “buried” in the cigarette “tomb.” Although tobacco consumption is falling, there are too many people who smoke. The population in the world is 5.8 billion, but about twenty percent of the population, that is to say 1.1 billion people smoke. So the situation is serious and the movement against smoking is still a difficult task. As shown in the pictures, we can see that the total tobacco product is 14.364 billion pounds in 1994, while it is 14.2 billion pounds in 1995. The whole population of earth is 5.8 billion, but the human beings who keeps smoking is 1.1 billion, maintaining the proportion of 20 percent. Owing to the cigarette, 200 billion dolars were wasted, 3 million people die of smoking annually. From the figure given in the chart, we can come to a conclusion that the total tobacco consumption will decrease. There are reasons for the dropping consumption. First, more and more people belive smoking do harm to health, waste money. So a lot of people begin to give up smoking. Second, forbidding smoking in public areas cause people conscious that smoking is a bad habbit. Therefor, I belive more and more will give up smoking with the advancenent of socity. 图表作文写作常识 1、图形种类及概述法 2、常用的描述用法 3、图表中的数据 (Data) 具体表达法 相关常用词组 1、主章开头 2、表示数据变化的单词或者词组 3、其它在描述中的常用到的词 考研英语图表写作套句精选 三、 图画作文 2003 Directions: Study the following pictures carefully and write an essay about 200 words based on the following 1. describe the set of drawings and interpret its meaning 2. point out its implications in our life. It goes without saying that the drawings aim at revealing a common and serious problem in China: how to educate and cultivate the young. Lets take a closer look at the drawings. In an ideal condition, the flower blooms. But when moved out of the green house, it perishes under the rain and storm. It is obvious that the flower in greenhouse cant withstand wind and rains. Nowadays the young generation in China, like the flower in the greenhouse, live under the full protection from their parents. Parents want to show all their love to their children. They give their children all the best things they can afford and do not let their children do anything at home. Self-centeredness and arbitrariness have become a trait of the young generation. Once leaving their parents, many young people cannot make a living of their own. They get lost when stepping into the complex reality and cannot face any hardships and difficulties. Child education has become one of the most popular topics discussed not only by educational experts, but also by people in all walks of life. The failure of child education does more harm to the development of our society and our civilization than to the children themselves. Thus, its high time that parents, educators and the government made concerted efforts to put an end to this situation. 作文模式 Model 1: Problem-solution Model 2: Positive-enhancement Model 3: Graphs and tables Model 4: Contrast and Comparison Model 5: Proverb （Practice Makes Perfect ） Writing Practices Topic One: Directions: Study the following picture carefully and write an essay entitled “Waste in Human Resources”. In the essay you should 1) describe the picture and interpret its meaning, and 2) give your comment on the phenomenon. You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) Waste in Human Resources As is depicted in the cartoon, a man is trying in vain to fit a bulb into a socket, for the bulb and the socket simply do not fit. From the picture we can see clearly that the bulb represents the talent and the socket his/her corresponding position. The symbolic meaning of the cartoon is obvious: the job the talent does is not fit for his specialty. The phenomenon revealed by the cartoon is not rare in China, a country short of talent. Wherever you go, you can see a host of research workers and technicians are assigned to do jobs which have little or nothing to do with their training. As a result, time and efficiency are inevitably lost and human resources wasted. But what on earth gives rise to such phenomenon? In fact, the reasons are not difficult to seek. First of all, it is the old-fashioned personnel management system that is responsible for the great loss of the free flow of trained experts and hence hinders the optimal allocation of human resources. Secondly, inefficient planning and the lack of budget result in the uneven distribution of talent, with a surplus in one area and a shortage in another. Finally, the wage system in China is yet to be perfected. Currently, the wage system is not favorable to the intellectual professionals. Lured by gainful employment, they tend to give up their trained profession and take up some technically less challenging jobs. Understandably, hundreds or thousands of the elite go abroad either for better career opportunities or for higher income. Chinas development depends to a large measure on the elite group. Therefore its urgent for the government to work out more favorable policies to stop the brain drain and waste of human resources. Only in this way can we further vitalize our nation in the post-WTO era and stay competitive in the world market. (332 words) Topic Two Directions: Study the following picture carefully and write an essay entitled “Be Round or Be Square?” In the essay you should 1) describe the picture and interpret its meaning, and 2) give your comment on the phenomenon. You should write about 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) Be Round or Be Square? This is a caricature in which we find a man who has brought with him two absolutely different reports. When he is in front of his boss with a “round” head, he will present him with a report described in a “round” way. But when he turns to another boss who has a “square” head, he caters to him with a report written in terms of “square”. Obviously, the man is cheating his bosses and I think he should be severely criticized by the public. Firstly, what the man does covers up the truth. Its quite possible that the facts in the mans two reports are neither “round” nor “square”. As a result, his bosses may get a totally false idea about what is actually going on and make wrong decision which may sooner of later lead to grave consequences. Its not surprising to induce that the wrong decisions based on what the man has reported will give rise to a big loss to the enterprise. Secondly, the mans deceptions should be condemnable. The ways he flexibly reacts to different people only shows that hes utterly unreliable. Its not hard to imagine that he will elaborate his reports with a “triangle” way if the boss happens to hold an “trianglar” opinion. Who knows? For such a deceitful person, you are never sure whether hes talking about truth or not. To conclude, we should not only be alert about this sort of dishonest people, but also reproach their bad conducts and misdeeds. (248 words) Directions Study the following graph carefully and write an essay. 1) most valued objects in the home in 2001, and 2) your comment on the possible effects You should write about 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) (p132) Most Valued Objects in the Home “What objects in your home do you value the most?” If this question is posed to children, parents and grandparents, the answer as indicated in the graph can be quite different. Let us consider it in detail. Furniture is valued most by parents. Everybody will agree that children do not show much interest in furniture; they are fond of play. Grandparents are also less interested in furniture than parents are. The reason may be that older people show less affection for material things, but more affection for memories and other immaterial things. Television is favored most by children. It is common knowledge that children love to watch television, especially animated cartoons. Grandparents also like to watch television though not half as much in amount as the children