张汉熙高级英语2 lesson.ppt

Advanced English (II) Lesson 1 Face to face with Hurricane Camille Teaching contents 1. Reading organization of the text words and expressions knowledge of word building 2. Writing genres of written pieces patterns of certain genres 3. Translation 4. Appreciation rhetoric devices writing skills I. pre-reading 1. Analysis of the title: Face to Face with Hurricane Camille Face to face: confronting one another eg. face to face with the enemy face to face with the problem connotation: generally face to face with something dangerous, difficult or hard to resolve sense of urgency and danger hurricane: wind of force 12 a type of tropical cyclone; low pressure systems that generally forms in the tropics, usually accompanied by thunderstorm and a clockwise or counterclockwise circulation of winds near the earth surface Hurricane Camille: It lashed Mississippi and Louisiana for two days in the August of 1969, killing 258 people. 幻灯片 7 In the United States, hurricanes are named alphabetically and given the names of people like Hurricane Camille, Hurricane Besty and so on. 幻灯片 8 2. Introduction of the text This text describes the heroic struggle of the Koshaks and their friends against the forces of a devastating hurricane. leading characters Johns friend Charles Hill; one neighbor and her two children Event: Hurricane Camille was coming; the Koshaks decided to stay at home to fight against it 2. Important Words pummel; demolish; scud verb phrases: reason out; batten down; ride out; check out; sit out; come by nouns: course; power failure; generator adverbs and adjectives: inland; methodically lash: whip pummel: beat with a fist without stop demolish: tear down, knock down; destroy, put an end to scud: move along swiftly and smoothly reason out: think carefully about something in a logical way to understand it and to find a successful way of dealing with it eg. Sometimes the solution may be triggered out rather than reasoned out. course of action: things chosen to do in a particular situation ride out: go to the end of a difficult or dangerous period or situation without any serious damages or losses; endure successfully and survive eg. They yelled and cheered as they rode out of the storm. ride out the storm batten down (the hatches): put down the batten and seal the cabin (暴风雨时)封舱, 船上做好应付暴风雨的准备 power failure: breakdown of the supply of electricity check out: examine and investigate to see if everything is in order sit out: to endure to the end eg. I sat out the Spring Festival Gala although it was terrible. come by: drop in on the way to a certain place inland: to the interior of the country methodically: in an ordered way 3. Main idea Hurricane Camille was coming and the Koshaks decided not to flee inland but to stay at their home and fight against the hurricane. The first six paragraphs introduces the event and characters of the story. beginning of the story; introductory part The first 6 paragraphs are introductory paragraphs, giving the time, place and background of the conflictman versus hurricanes. These paragraphs also introduce the characters in the story. tension? Anticipation? 4. Appreciation words specific words, verbs: lash; pummel; demolish; vividness micro-view official statistics and damages of the hurricane; macro-view end of the disaster 2. Important words and expressions (7-20 para) verbs: whip; mount; shatter; disintegrate; fling; shove; douse; shudder; collapse; crush; skim; crumble verb phrases: concern about; break apart; curl up adjectives and adverbs: storm-shattered; overwhelming; outward noun: ferocity; swipe on the verge of : nearly; almost by the minute shatter: tore into pieces disintegrate: break into fragments; collapse integrate; integrated shove: push; dash; collide; bump into push and shove 推推搡搡 fling: throw casually by the minute: every minute shudder: tremble; shake; shiver inches its way: come inch by inch clutch: hold tightly outward: external; surface crushing: crashing, extreme; devastating crush: squeeze; crowd, devastate overwhelming ferocity: of destructive force and power; cruelty; ruthlessness eg. His written confession discloses the ferocity of the invaders. Get us through this mess, will You? You with initial letter capitalized here refers to the God. a prey made in desperation and despair crumble: smash; break; collapse marooned: isolated marooned group: people caught in the hurricane-stricken area, becoming isolated and helpless breadth: width; expansion; size broad swath: length, width; area; range mooring line; mooring rope wipe out: destroy completely; knock out eg. He wiped out the marks on the wall. They fought bravely to wipe out the national humiliation. perish: die; go out; extinguish eg. Even if your bodies and names should perish, the flowing of the rivers will not stop. 尔曹身与名俱灭，不废江河万古流。 overwhelming: overpowering in effect or strength overwhelming majority; overwhelming victory over + whelm whelm: cover with water; submerge. be whelmed in astonishment 惊惶失措 eg. She was whelmed in sorrow. virtually: nearly, almost; practically eg. Soft drinks are available at virtually every convenience store. Its virtually impossible. a virtual university (Para 21-27) verbs: huddle; slash; implore; extinguish; prop; tilt; cower; grab; diminish; recede verb phrases: blow off; trail away; tear out; slide off; flow off; give way; hinge to nouns: sanctuary; thrust huddle: huddle up; curl up; roll up slash: cut; decrease dramatically implore: beg; ask; plead trail away: to become fainter, weaker, quieter fade away; die away be on trail of sth. :追踪 debris: broken pieces sanctuary: a holy place; shelter from danger, harm, etc.; refuge eg. natural sanctuary 自然禁猎区 extinguish: put out (fire, light, etc.); submerge; eg. Please extinguish your cigarette in the ashtray. waver: shake; shiver; sway prop: support eg. He used bricks to prop up his broken bed. tilt: slant; cause to lean/incline at a certain angle cower: to recede; to go backward eg. We shouldnt cower when confronted by evil forces. We should rise and fight them. give way: withdraw; collapse; break down hinge to: attach to; fasten to; fit to diminish: decrease; weaken thrust: violent push make a backward thrust 杀回马枪 3. Main idea This part describes the Koshaks and their friends fought against each attack of the hurricane as the events occurred. The writer builds up and sustains the suspense in the story and gives order and logical movement to the sequence of happenings by describing in detail and vividly the incidents showing how the koshaks and their friends struggled against each onslaught of the hurricane. The writer describes these actions in the order of their occurrence. The story reaches its climax in paragraph 27 and from there on the story moves rapidly to its conclusion. 4. Appreciation Figures: Study the following sentences and identify figures adopted in them. (para 10) “Everybody out the back door to the cars!” verbs are left out in these two sentences elliptical and short sentences sense of tension omission/ellipsis of certain elements for specific rhetoric purposes 省略 more example: (para 12) “Everybody on the stairs!” (para 8) , and the group heard gun-like reporters one thing is compared to another because they are similar in one or more aspects comparison of similarity with the use of comparative words (like) simile 明喻 More examples: (para 11) The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. (para 13) The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. (para 7) Wind and rain now whipped the house. (para 18) A moment later, the hurricane, in one mighty swipe, lifted the entire roof off the house and skimmed it 40 feet through the air. inanimate things are doing acts like human personification 拟人 More example: (para 19) It seized a 600,000-gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3 12 miles away. Style and skills comparison and contrast between: 1. prior easiness and present tension 2. detailed description of the familys struggle and overall view on the devastating hurricane 3. exterior as well as interior description of the characters (physical movement; psychological change) V. Homework III. Detailed study of 3rd part 1. organization of the 3rd part para 28-29: damage caused by the hurricane para 30-31: relief work of the government and non- government organization para 33-35: after-hurricane life of the Koshaks para 36-39: reflection of the family severe damage relief work self-assistance of the family occasional blue mood of the family members theme hidden in the reflection: The family is the most precious property. 2. Important words and expressions coil: coil up; roll up; curl up in effect: in force; in fact come into effect; take effect; become effective 生效 eg. This law is already in effect / in force. In effect, the government has increased security at their boarder. rampage: rush about in a violent way break up: divide; separate eg. They are so badly matched and they should break up. pitch in: to do sth. energetically; take active part in eg. There is always last-minute work to do, and everyone has to pitch in. pick through: pick over; pick across; walk carefully through pick up; pick out wreckage: remaining after being wrecked wreck: ruin; destroy; crash; sink afflict: distress greatly; cause sufferings or unhappiness to eg. New trouble rose to afflict her. affliction: great suffering 3. Main idea This part focuses on the relief and rehabilitation work which was rapidly and efficiently carried out in the U.S. It also reveals the moral of the story with the closing words of grandmother Koshak. In the last paragraph the writer states his theme or the purpose behind his story in the reflection of Grandmother Koshak: We lost practically all our possessions, but the family came through it. When I think of that, I realize we lost nothing important. 4. Appreciation figure of speech simile; metaphor eg. (para 28) , and blowdown power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads. (para 28) Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees. (festoon: decorate with ornaments Bits of clothing were hanging on the trees as if decorating them with bright and colorful objects.) metonymy 换喻,借代 a figure of speech used in rhetoric in which a thing or concept is not called by its own name, but by the name of something intimately associated with that thing or concept eg. (para 36) But the blues did occasionally afflict all the adults. blue cold color (Synaesthesia 通感) depression change of name contrast of damages and relief work contrast between self-assistance and occasional depression sharp contrast produces deep impression and moves the reader revealing of the theme in grandmother Koshak hidden theme, end weight IV. Knowledge about Narration Face to Face with Hurricane Camille is a piece of narrative. Narration is the telling of a story. A good story has a beginning, a middle and an end. Narration is concerned with action, with life in motion, with a meaningful series of actions. It revolves around people, called characters, in some kind of struggle or conflict against other people, nature, society or themselves. In the story the leading character is called the hero or protagonist and the people or forces he fights against is called the antagonist or the enemy. The actions, that is, incidents and events are generally presented in order of their occurrence ( chronological order), As the conflict develops, suspense and tension increase until the highest point or the climax of the struggle is reached. After the climax, the story quickly moves to a conclusion, which is sometimes called a denouement. The first 6 paragraphs are introductory paragraphs, giving the time, place and background of the conflict between man and hurricane. These paragraphs also introduce the characters in the story. The writer builds up and sustains the suspense in the story and gives order and logical movement to the sequence of happenings by describing in detail and vividly the incidents showing how the koshaks and their friends struggled against each onslaught of the hurricane. The writer describes these actions in the order of their occurrence. The story reaches its climax in paragraph 27 and from there on the story moves rapidly to its conclusion. In the last paragraph the writer states his theme or the purpose behind his story in the reflection of Grandmother Koshak: We lost practically all our possessions, but the family came through it. When I think of that, I realize we lost nothing important. Stylistically, this passage is a very good narrative concerning peoples fight against natural disasters. It focuses on the experiences of one family during this very short but gripping moment in time, but through it every mans struggle against the hurricane in the attacked areas can be imagined and observed. The angle, from which the story of man against the hurricane is stated by the narrator in this passage, is consistent from beginning to end in both sequence of time and logic, which makes this passage a success. V. Homework 1. Questions for consideration What is the sequence of the narration? (In what order is the story told? Time? Position? Direction?) Is the treatment of events equal? (Is each event treated with the same weight?) What is the point of view in this piece of narrative? (What is the angel from which the story is told?) 2. Look for the following words with the help of dictionaries. demolish; devastate; destroy decay; rot; decompose throw; fling; toss shake; quake; shiver; tremble 3. EX. IV. Paraphrase, P11 (on Ex, book) 4. Ex. V. Translation, P12 (on Ex. Book) Keys to Ex. IV 1. We are 23 feet above sea level. 2. The house has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever caused any damage to it. 3. We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage. 4. Water go into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity and so the lights also went out. 5. Everybody go out through the backdoor and run to the cars. 6. The electricity system in the car has been put out by the water. 7. As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland. 8. Oh, God, please help us to get through this storm safely. 9. Grandmother sang a few words and then her voice gradually grew dimmer and stopped. 10. Janis displayed rather late the exhaustion brought about by the nervous tension caused by the hurricane. Keys to Ex. V 21. 科谢克家的屋顶一被掀走，约翰就大喊道：“上楼 进卧室！数数孩子是不是都在。”在倾盆大雨中，孩 子们挤在一起，大人把他们团团围住。科谢克奶奶用一 种恳求的语气说道：“孩子们，让我们一起唱支歌吧！” 孩子们都吓呆了，根本就没有反响。老祖母独自唱了几 句，声音越来越小，慢慢就没了。 22 客厅的壁炉和烟囱塌了下来，碎砖乱迸。由于 他们卧室这个避难所的两面墙都开始要塌，约翰命令道 ：“进电视室！” 这是离飓风风头最远的一间房。 23约翰用一只手搂了搂他的妻子。贾尼斯心里明 白他的意思。由于风雨和恐惧，她浑身颤抖。她一面把 两个孩子紧紧拉在身边，一面在想：亲爱的上帝啊， 赐予我力量，让我经受住我必须经受的一切吧。她对飓 风充满愤恨，心想：我们一定不能败给它。 24父亲老科谢克默默地在发怒。他为不能干点什 么去与飓风卡米尔斗争而感到懊丧。他毫无目的地把一 个杉木箱和一个双人床垫从一间卧室拖到电视室。就在 此刻，狂风刮倒了一堵墙壁，并吹灭了提灯。另一堵墙 壁在晃动，在摇摆，查理希尔试图撑住它，结果墙壁塌 在他身上，砸伤了他的背。房子在摇颤，在晃动，它已 经从房基上挪开了25英尺。整个世界好像要碎成几瓣。 25.“我们把床垫竖起来！”约翰对父亲大声叫道 “把床垫斜靠着挡挡风。把孩子弄到垫子下面，我们可 以用头和肩膀把垫子撑住！” 26. 大一点的孩子趴在地板上，小一点的一层压在 他们上面，大人们弯着腰，把这九个孩子护在他们下面 。地板倾斜了。盛着一窝小猫的盒子从架上滑下来，一 下子就在风中消失了。母猫斯普琪被从一个嵌板书柜顶 上吹走，也消失了。那只狗紧闭双眼，缩成一团。又一 堵墙壁塌了。水拍打着倾斜的地板。约翰抓住一扇还在 壁柜墙壁上的门，对他父亲大声叫道：“如果地板塌了 ，把孩子放到门板上面。” 27就在这一刹间，风稍稍小了一些，水也不涨了 。 随后水开始后退。飓风卡米尔的锋芒过去了。科谢 尔一家和他们的朋友们活下来了。 Keys to Ex.VIII. 1. television = tele +vision prefix “tele-” means distant or television eg. telecast, telephone, telescope, telecommunication, telegram telecourse, teleplay 2. northwestward = north + west + ward or northwest +ward -ward: a suffix meaning in a (specific) direction or course eg. seaward, homeward, eastward, backward, inward, outward, upward，windward 3. motel = mo(torist) + hotel a blend or portmanteau word formed by combining parts of other words eg. smog sm(oke) + (f) og, smaze n. 烟霾, 烟雾 sm(oke)+ (h)aze brunch br(eakfast) + (l)unch galumph vi. 得意扬扬地走, 昂首阔步地走 gal(lop) + (tri) umph moped n.机动脚踏两用车 mo(tor) + ped(al) 4. bathtub = bath + tub a compound word formed by combining two nouns eg. bathrobe, bathhouse, bedroom, roommate, bookcase, headband, housemaid, housekeeper, housefly, lawbook 5. returnee = return + -ee a verb plus a noun forming suffix “-ee” designating a person in a specified condition eg. employee, refugee, divorcee, consignee, examinee, mortgagee, nominee, internee, escapee, lessee Key to Ex. XIII. sentence fragment碎句: A grammatically complete sentence has a verb with its subject. Structurally it must be an independent unit, capable of standing alone. Now this means simply that dependent units, such as phrases, clauses, appositives and other such groups of words, are not sentences and should not be written as sentences. When any one of these dependent units is written and punctua