代词课件,初中语法.ppt

人教版 语法 代词 人称 单数复数 主格宾格主格宾格 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 I _we_ _ youyou _ he she it her it him _ them 人教版 语法要点 1掌握人称代词、物主代词和不定代词的用法。 2掌握指示代词和反身代词的人称和数的变化。 要点一：人称代词词 meus youyou they my friend = Tom = Mary= my mother = Mary and lily= he and I = his sister= he /she he she she they we she 人教版 2.用法 人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或表语，宾格作 动词或介词的宾语，也可作表语使用。如： We all like him.(we作主语，him作宾语) Who is it? Its I/me.(it作主语，I或me作表语) 提醒 (1)当句中三种人称单单数并列时时一般顺顺序 是you, he and I(即二、三、一)；复数并列时顺时顺 序是 we, you and they。 You ,he and I are all invited to the party this evening. it作无人称代词的主语，表时间、天气、距离、温 度、环境和情况。 It was noisy when I got to the room. What time is it? Its nine oclock. (时间） Whats the weather like today? Its sunny. （天气） Its two kilometers from your school to the post office. （距离） 人教版 (2)代词词it可代替动词动词 不定式作为为句中的形式主语语 或形式宾语宾语 ，也可用于某些固定句式中。如： 对对我而言，按时时完成作业业有困难难。 _hard for me _ the homework on time. 我们认为们认为 晚饭饭后散步很有益。 We think it helpful _ a walk after supper. 他花了三天时间读时间读 完了那本书书。 _him three days to finish reading the book. Its to finish to take It took 人教版 要点二：物主代词词 1分类 物主代词是用来表示所有关系的。物主代词又分形容词性物 主代词和名词性物主代词。详见下表： 人称数 形容词性 物主代词名词性物主 代词 第一人称 单数 复数 第二人称 单数 复数 第三人称 单数 复数 my our your your hers his her its their _ _ _ _ ours yours theirs mine yours his its 人教版 2.用法 形容词性物主代词不能单独使用，用于名 词前作定语，相当于形容词的作用。名词性 物主代词单独使用，相当于名词的作用。 如； This is his computer.This computer is his. 这是他的电脑。 人教版 要点三：反身代词词 1反身代词表示“某人自己”。详见下表： 人称单单数复数 第一人称_ourselves 第二人称yourself_ 第三人称herselfthemselves himselfthemselves _themselves myself yourselves itself 人教版 2.用法 (1)反身代词在句子中用作宾语和表语(不能单独用作主语)， 和句子中的主语相呼应，表示主语动作的承受者或表现的特征 是自己本身。如： The girl is too young to look after _. 这个女孩太小，不能照顾自己。(作宾语) (2)反身代词作主语或宾语的同位语，起强调主语或宾语的作 用。如： I myself can do this work well. 我自己能做好这项工作。(作主语的同位语) You can ask the teacher herself. 你可以问问老师本人。(作宾语的同位语) herself 人教版 3固定搭配 leave one by oneself 把某人单独留下 随便吃/喝_ by oneself 单独地 过得快乐；玩得开心_ learn by oneselfteach oneself 自学 伤害某人自己_ come to oneself 苏醒 say to oneself 心里想 make oneself at home 别拘束 help oneself to enjoy oneself hurt oneself 一、用人称代词代替下列各词或划线部分： 1. Mrs. Li 2. her uncle 3. Miss Liu 4. my family 5. my cousin and I 6. our pencils 7. its tail 8. his grandmother 9. your T-shirt 10. Bob 11. their pears 12. the park 13. Jenny 14. the animals 15. my mother and father 16. The car is red. 17. These books are on the desk 18. My mother and I are at home. 19. Mr. Smith is a kind man. 20. Her aunt is a model.(模特) 二用括号中代词的适当形式填空 1. Her sister is helping _（we）. 2. John and I are in the same school. （we）go to school together. 3. Everyone likes_( she), do (you)? 4. Her sister is helping _（we）. 5. _(me) have many friends. Some of （they ）are good at English. 6. Jim is English. _ (I) like playing with _(he) 7 .I love _（they）very much. 8. Miss Li often looks after_（she） 9.They are waiting for_（they）. 10.Do you like Li Ming? No, _(I) dont like _.(he) 11.Danny gives the book to _ . (you) us We her us Ithem Ihim them herself them I him you 1. Is _ a boy or girl? A. she B. he C. one D. it 2. They asked_ to do the work. A. you, he and I B. you, him and me C. I, you and he D. me, you and him 3. Someone is knocking at the door, but who can _ be? A. one B. he C. she D. it 4. _ a heavy rain last night. A. There had B. We had C. It was D. There is 5. _ is 200 kilometres from here to the natural park. We have to go there by car. A. There B. It C. This D. The place 6. The bear was shot in_ head. ? A. the B. its C. a D. this 8. Our room is big, but_ is bigger than_. A. their; our B. their; ours C. theirs; ours D. theirs; our. 9.Have you read the newspaper today? Yes, there is in it. A. something interesting B. interesting something C. anything interesting D. interesting any thing 10. Sorry I have forgot _ telephone number. A. yours B. him C. you D. his 11. We _ at the party last Sunday. A. enjoyed myself B. enjoyed ourselves C. enjoy myself D. enjoyed ourself 12. You are twelve now. _ must look after_. A. You; yourself B. Your; yourself C. You; your D. Youre; yourself 60 Tom is stronger than _ in his class. A. any students B. other student C. any other student D. any other students . 13.“ Make_ at home.“ he said to his friends. A. yourself B. yourselves C. you D. yours 14. Let Tony do it by_. He is no longer a kid A. him B. his C. himself D. he 15. This blue suit looks better than the green _. A. / B. one C. suits D. ones 16.Tom, Please pass _ the newspaper. I want to read it. A. you B. me C. him D. her 17. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are _ new words in it. A. a little B. little C. a few D. few 18. -You want _ sandwich? -Yes, I usually eat a lot when Im hungry. A. other B. another C. others D. the other 人教版 要点四：指示代词词 单单数复数 this (这这个)these (这这些)指近处处 that (那个)those (那些)指远处远处 指示代词词是表示指示概念的代词词，可以在句子中作主语语、 表语语、宾语宾语 和定语语。指示代词词有： 人教版 要点五：不定代词词 1定义 不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定 代词。多数可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语。常见的 不定代词有：some，any，no，none，one，all， every，each，other，another，either，neither，both ，many，much，(a) few，(a) little，a lot of，lots of 以及some，any，no和every与thing，body或one构成 的复合不定代词。 人教版 2常用的意义相近的不定代词之间的辨析 (1)few，a few，little，a little 修饰饰可数名词词 (复数) a few (几个，一些) few (几乎没有) a little (一点) little (很少，不多) 用法肯定意义义否定意义义 修饰饰不可数 名词词 人教版 如：He has _ friends，but he has _ good friends.他有一些朋友，但是他几乎没有好朋友。 Theres still _ meat at home，but theres _ bread. 家里还还有点肉，但是几乎没面包了。 (2)some，any 二者均表示“一些”，既可以修饰饰可数名词词，也可以修 饰饰不可数名词词。some一般用于肯定句，any一般用于疑问问句、 否定句和条件状语语从句。 在疑问问句中，表示说话说话 人希望得到肯定回答或表示请请求 、建议时议时 ，用some。如： Would you like _？ 来点儿茶吗吗？ Will you please get _ for me? 请请你帮我弄点儿水好吗吗？ a fewfew a littlelittle some tea some water 人教版 使用范围围都都不两者之一 两者bothneithereither 三者或三者以上allnoneany (3)both，all，neither，either，any，none 如：My parents are _ teachers.我父母都是老师师。 There are some trees on _ side of the road. 马马路两边边都有树树。 I like _ these two coats. 两件大衣我都不喜欢欢。 both either neither of 人教版 (4)many，much，a lot of 三者都表示“许许多”。其中many 和much 常用于否定句和疑 问问句中；肯定句中常用a lot of 。many修饰饰可数名词词复数；much 修饰饰不可数名词词；a lot of(lots of)既可以修饰饰可数名词词复数，又 可以修饰饰不可数名词词。 (5)each，every 两者都表示“每个”“各个”，前者强调调每个人或事物的个 别别情况，即强调调个体；后者有“全体”的意思，即强调调整体。如 ： _ them has a dictionary. 他们们每人有一本词词典。 _ minute is important to us. 对对我们们来说说每分钟钟都很重要。 Each of Every 人教版 (6)another，(the) other，(the) others other泛指“另外的”，不能单单独使用，后接名词词。 others等于“other复数名词词”，泛指“别别的人或物”； the other(单单数可数名词词)指“两者中的另一个”，常用于 “onethe other”结结构。 the others等于“the other复数名词词”，表示“其余所有 的人或物”。 another 泛指“三者或三者以上中的另一个”。 如：Do you have any other ideas? 你有别别的想法吗吗？ I have two brothers._ is a doctor， _ is a teacher.我有两个兄弟。一个是医生，另一 个是教师师。 One the other 人教版 He is always ready to help _. 他总总是乐乐意帮助别别人。 Five of them are in the classroom. What about _？ 他们们中有五个人在教室里。其余的人呢？ Dont lose heart. Have _ try. 别别灰心，再试试一次。 others the others another 人教版 (7)复合不定代词词 以some和any开头头的复合不定代词词用法和some，any的 用法一样样。(some和any的用法见见上文) 修饰饰复合不定代词词的形容词词要放在其后。如： Is there _ in todays newspaper? 今天的报纸报纸 有什么重要新闻吗闻吗 ？ 复合不定代词词作主语视为单语视为单 数。如： Nobody _ his name. 没有人知道他的名字。 anything important knows 人教版 要点六：疑问问代词词 疑问问代词词主要有who(谁谁)，whom(谁谁)，which(哪一个/哪一 些)，what(什么)和whose(谁谁的)，用来构成特殊疑问问句，放在句 子开头头。如： _ do you want to know? 你想要知道什么？ _ shirt is this? 这这是谁谁的衬衬衫？ Tea and coffee,_ do you prefer? What Whose which Exercises: 1 -_ is your e-mail address(邮件地址)? -Its . A. Who B. How C. What D. Which 2 _ does your brother do? - He is a bus driver. A. Where B. Why C. What D. How 3. - _ can I do for you? - I would like a cup of tea. A. What B. How C. Which D. Who 4. - _coat is more beautiful than yours? - Lilys. A. Which B. Whose C. Who D. What 7.You may come to my house _ this week_ next week. A. neither; or B .from to C .either or D. either; nor 8.I dont think we can do it all_ . A. by ourselves B. by myself C. by ourself D .by yourselves 9.I dont want this shirt. Please show me_ A.others B .the others C .another D .the other 10.I cant repair the model ship_ . Can you help_? A. me; me B. myself , myself C .myself, me D. me, myself 11.Does your brother often wash clothes_? A. he B .himself C. herself D .him 5. -_ is the matter? -I have a headache(头疼). A. Who B. What C. How D. Which 6 - _are you going to do this evening, Sally? -Im going to do my homework. A. Where B. what C. how D. when 12. We study Chinese, English , maths and some _ subjects. A.the other B. one C .other D .another 13.I have two sisters . _ of them are doctors. A. Both B. All C .Either D. Neither 14.The book on the shelf is_.She _ wrote_ name on its cover . A. hers, herself, her B. Her; hers; herself C. hers; her; hers D .Her; herself; herself 15. “Dont worry . Theres_ much wrong with you.” said the doctor. A. nothing B .everything C. something D .very 16.These shoes are too small. You may buy some_ shoes . A. another B .other C .the others D. others 17.I asked Jim and Bob to come to my house for dinner , but_ of them came . A.all B. both C .none D .neith