听力的命题规律和测试重点.ppt

听力的命题规律和测试重点 A节19听力理解：B节1015听力理解 ： 解题技巧 1. 对话 1） 提前阅读选项，判断问题所属，从 而集中精力于有关信息 2） 注意根据信息词汇判断地点和说话 人的身份职业等 3） 注意加减运算，听到的不是答案 4） 注意记笔记，将人物、地点、时间 等对号入座 从语法、短语含义入手，判断隐含之意 n要边听边记 n 听力过程中要克服“偏重眼睛，死用耳 朵，少用心机，不用嘴手”的毛病，要边听 边想，同查做一些记录。录音中的细节， 如重要的数字、人物、地名等，仅赁大脑 记忆很难完全记住。因此，考试中可以有 目 地的、有选择的加以记录，以便听完 录音后能快速准确的选出答案。听到的是 数字可用格子呢拉伯数字记录，其它内容 可用缩写或自己独创的理解符号来记录。 总之，越简明越易记越好。 n提高记笔记的效率 。 1。Use abr. esp.代especially，sth代 something, apprec代appreciation等。 n2. 没有缩略语的词汇，如字母较少的单词 ，可完整写出该词，如gift, take， n3.字母较多的单词（只写该词前几个字母； 。缩略语不一定要求规范，甚室可用些符 号，所记内容不一定要求完整，只要能起 到提示的作用，自己能看懂就行了。 n要善于阅读选择项 n ，较短的选择项一般可采用扫视法；对于较长的 选择项，可采用竖读法。 n Example 1: n A) Running. B) Cycling. C) Fishing .D) Hunting. n 只需用眼光掠过选择项，便可知是四种不同 的活动。 n Example2: n A)A double room B)A single room n C)A room on the top floor D)A room on the second floor. n。 n nExample 3: n A）The worker had finished loading the truck. n B）The worker had just started loading truck. n C）The worker had gone home. n D）The worker had had a fight with the driver. n Example 4: n A）Her son must leave for school at 7:30 n B）Her son must go to work at 7:30 n C）Her husband must have breakfast at 7:30 n D）Her husband must get to office at 7:30 听力的命题规律和测试重 1对话 对话部分考查的重点有： 1）地点，职业 根据对话内容判断对话发生的地点或对 话中所提事件发生的地点是英语听力测 试中常见的也是比较重要的一个题型。 地点，职业题一般有以下几种： content Calculation Location Occupation Relationship of the speakers Inference negation (1)根据信息词设题 W: Dear, I feel hungry now. How about you? M: So do I. Let me call room service. Hello, room service. Please send a menu to 302 right away. Q: Where are the two speakers? A. In a hotel. B. At a dinner table. C. In the street. D. At the mans house. 该题通过hungry和menu来迷惑同学们,引导大家选择B,其实, 本题所借助的信息词是room service和302这个房间号,答案是A 。 M: Can you stay for dinner? W: Id love to. But I have to go and send some registered mail before picking up the children from school. Q: Where will the woman go first? A. To the school. B. To a friends house. C. To the post office. D. Home 本题借助registered mail设题,答案是C。但这里同 样也有地点的辨析问题,要求同学们能听出是“首先到 地方“。 M: Excuse me, Im looking for the emergency room. I thought that it was on the first floor. W: This is the basement. Take the elevator one flight up and turn left. Q: Where did the conversation most probably take place? A. In a library B. In a hotel. C. In a hospital. D. In an elevator 本题设题所依据的信息词是emergency room,只要 考生了解其语域就可判断答案为C。 (2)借助对话中提到的多个地点设题 有时对话中提到的地点不只一个,这时,一般是将所有的地点 都包括在选项之中。这种情况下,同学们不必考虑信息词问题,只 要能将地点与其相关事件联系起来就可确定答案。如： M: I did not see our boss yesterday. Has he come back? W: He was just back from France besides visiting Britain, Germany, and Spain. Q: Which country did the woman visit first? A. France B. Britain C. Germany D. Spain 四个地点都是访问过的地点,要求同学们能够分清先后。答案 为B。 M: Will Mr. Smith come to the party at the weekend? W: Hell be supposed to, but he wont be back from his trip until the next week. Q: Where will Mr. Smith be on Saturday? A. At the party B. At home C. Still on his trip D. Back from his trip. 本题是将地点与时间连在一起,要求同学们在听的同时注意区 别每个事件所发生的时间,答案为C。 地点类题提问形式： Where does this conversation (most probably) take place? Where is this conversation (most probably )taking place? Where does the man/woman plan/want to go? Where does the man/woman prefer to live/stay? Where is the man/woman working/living now? What place did the man/woman visit first/last? Where are the speakers now? Where isfrom? Where have they been to? 地点类题解题要领 熟悉世界上主要国家和英、美、加拿大主要 城市和名称 抓住与特定场所有关的词、词组和句型，推 断暗示的地点。下面是常见的场合中可能出 现的词汇和表达，熟悉了这些对应关系，需 要时自然就会有对应联想。 总之，即便是直接型地点类题，命题人也不 会设计成在录音原文中只出现一个地点的情 况，而总会提及几个地点，起“声东击西“的作 用，对考生进行思维干扰。因此考生切不可 听到什么就选什么，而应加以分析 Situation Context Relationship location key words Teacher-student /school homework, marks, assignment, grades, scholarship, tuition,credits, make-up exam professor, exam, campus, degree, semester, term, score, paper, lab test, course , credit , freshman ,sophomore, junior, senior, required/compulsory course, elective/optional course, registration etc. 缺课 缺课原因： （1）get ill 由于生病而缺课 （2）oversleep 睡过头了 （3）traffic jam 交通堵塞 （4）(car)break down 车抛锚 Student-librarian/library borrow, return, fine, renew, due, overdue, periodicals, fiction, journal, take-out service, catalogue, list, latest issue, circulation desk, reference book, library card, publication, call number, stacks etc. Customer- shop assistant/shop price tag, price, on sale, bargain, fashion, pattern, cashier, check-out stand, receipt, expensive, cheap ,refund, discount, size ,color, style, fashion, counter, pay groceries, brand, installment, medium size, tight, out of style, cash or charge etc. What can I do for you? Is there anything I can do for you? Id like to see 买东西 (1) supermarket 超级市场： supplies 生活用品，price tag 价格签，special offer/ on sale 打折， cart 手推车，vender 售货员，cashier 收银员 (2) department store 百货商店： appliance 家用电器, costume 服装, floor 层, mens 男装区, sports goods 体育用品, for sale 热卖中,待售中, discount打折,折头, 70% off 三折, produce 农产品, Hotel service people-customer/hotel reservation, check in, check out, reception desk, front desk, vacant room, single/double room, twin bed, porter, tip, full, room service put ones laundry in the laundry bag, lobby Passenger-airport service people/ airport stewardess, flight, take off, boarding gate claim your luggage, luggage claim area, , departure, security, clearance, green/red channel, boarding pass, check in, gate wing, boarding card, seat belt, economy class, airway, airline, get ones ticket punched, civil aviation, arrival/departure time, booking office, confirm the flight, check-in, non-stop flight, window seat,etc. 机场 常考思路： （1）票已售完 （2）接人（飞机）晚点 （3）送人伤感 see somebody off 常见线索词： airplane, flight 航班, direct flight 直航， transfer 转机， seat-belt=safety belt 安全带， first class 头等舱， economy class 经济舱， take off 起飞， land 降落， circle 盘旋 wing: a.建筑物的附属楼 b.飞 机的翅膀 c.鸡翅 terminal: a=final station 公交 站最后一站站 b.候机大厅 domestic terminal 国内候机大 厅， international terminal 国际候 机大厅 customers house , declare, claim, pay duty on, duty free, free of charge, luggage, fill in the form etc. ,alcohol ,beverage, Do you have anything to declare? Driver-policeman/ street speeding ,violate the regulation, fine, license suspend your license, a ticket, traffic problem Post office clerks customer /post office letter address postage, registered mail ,airmail, ordinary mail , special delivery, envelope, stamp, parcel, telegram, Waiter, waitress/restaurant menu 菜谱, order, tray, paper napkin, bill, tip, wine, change, waiter, drink, soft drink, salad, soup, dessert ,roast beef, steak, cafeteria, buffet, dessert, pizza, apple pie, chef, salt, pepper, soup, whisky, wine, champagne, mushroom, taste, serve, beverage, snack, go Dutch, treat sb.to sth., take the order, be full, Im full. go Dutch; Are you ready to order now? worth the money, etc 餐厅 （1）cafeteria 学校饭堂：meal card/ticket 饭卡 /饭票，（2）restaurant:, book/reserve 预订 ，make a reservation 预定 上菜顺序：soup汤 main course主菜 salad 沙拉（chef salad招牌沙拉） dessert甜点 (pudding布丁, cheese , fruit) Plumber sink, dripping faucet, drain, leak, pipe,clog, Doctor- patient/hospital to suffer from, to give an injection, operation room, surgery, wards, physical exam, cough, dizzy, high blood pressure,(hypertension) heart disease, diabetes, obess fever, headache, sore throat, sneeze, symptom, diagnosis, physician, surgeon, dentist, appointment, pharmacy,/drugstore/chemists, pill, tablet, capsule, dosage, syrup, pain-killer, tablet, have the prescription filled, cavity, X-ray , etc have ones tooth filled, What seems to be the trouble? 医院 常考思路： （1）医生难找 the doctor is not available（2）病情如何（getting better/worse） （3）有病耽误课 miss the class 线索词： treat 治疗（表过程）， cure 治疗,治愈（表结果） infirmary / students help center 学校的医院， clinic 诊所， hospital, ward 病房， prescribe 开药方， prescription 处方 Send him to Ward Three. 把他送去3号病房。 Send him toward three. 把他送到东方去。（因 为时钟三点指向东（上北下南左西右东） ） fill the prescription 按方抓药， refill the prescription 继续按方抓药， cough 咳嗽, fever , influenza(flu) 流感 TB Tuberculosis Bird flu ?avian flu SARS epidemic Bank/bank clerk/client account, cheque, interest rate, cash, tellers window, deposit, withdraw some money ,dollar, pound, service charge, balance, savings, exchange rate, travelers check, etc open on account, cash a check, withdraw some money draw on ones account, Telephone caller and receiver area code, busy ,signal, directory, hold the line, extension, exchange, telephone box/booth, operator, get through etc. insert the coin in the slot,dial, leave a message 打电话 常考思路： （1）约人约不到 （2）约会去不了 sth comes up/ Id like to reschedule/ Could you fit me in (the doctors schedule)? （3）电话打不通（包括打错电 话） 线索词： run out of coins（在公共电话亭 里）没钱了， cut off 被迫断线， hang up 主动挂断电话， receiver 听筒， slot 电话上的小投币口， yellow pages 黄页， dial 拨电话， operator 接线员 打电话步骤： Look up the number in the yellow pages. 在黄页里查找 电话。 Drop the coins in the slot. 把硬 币投入投币口。 Then dial the number you want it. 然后拨打你所需要的电话 。 Court judge, clerk, jury, defendant, witness, case, charge, sentence, death penalty, retire ,guilty, innocent, trial, lawyer, audience criminal ,suspected,etc. Train station information desk, platform, track, time table, train conductor, hard sleeper, sleeping car, return ticket, refund etc. Passenger, conductor/ on the bus Excuse me, How can I get to? Bus no. 34, bus stop, bus terminal, fare, transfer, line, rush hour, traffic jam, change, pick up passengers, stop, conductor,etc. 2、Calculation数字运算 应注意区别一些易混淆时数字，特别是-teen 和-ty的区别。 e.g. The book cost him 30/13 dollars(ti ti：n) 。 注意街道、房间、汽车、电话等号码的习惯表 达方法，如320读成three twenty或three two zero；电话号码则将数字逐个读出来。 注意时间表达上英美的差异，如1：45可读 成a quater to two或one forty five;2：00 p.m.可读成two p.m.或fourteen hundred hours. Calculation a quater指时间是15分钟，指月份是 一季度(三个月)，指百分比为25%。 times, twice, couple, a pair of, half of, double, one third, percentage。 late (later), early (earlier), delay, start, ahead of, fast, slow, increase, add等 与时间数字有关的词，以帮助理解和计 算。 E.g.数字类：直接型 W: Do you live in a college dormitory? M: Yes, I do. Its a six-man suite, but at the moment only four of us live there. Q: How many people share the suite now? 数字类题提问形式 ： How many(persons)? How many dozens of? How many minutes fast/slow/late? How much doesspend/save/earn/borrow/lend/pay? How old is How long does it taketo/stay in? How often/far? When/At what timebegin/finish? When/On which dayarrive/want to leave? A时间 时刻的读法 5：15读作 a quarter past/after five或five fifteen 2：45读作a quarter to three或 two forty-five 7：30读作 half past seven或seven thirty 9：10读作 ten past nine或 nine ten 8：00读作eight (oclock)sharp 14：00读作 fourteen hundred hours或 two p.m. 00：25读作 twenty-five pastafter midnight 年、月、日的读法 2003年：two thousand and three 公元前1086年：one thousand and eighty-six BC 前天：the day before yesterday 后天：the day after tomorrow 每隔一天：every other day或every two days 两星期：a fortnight 10年：a decade 100年：a century 多位数的表达 1,247,862,056：1(billion十亿)，247(million 百万)，862(thousand)，056 (and fifty-six) one billion two hundred and forty-seven million eight hundred and sixty-two thousand and fifty- six。但是听力中这种长而复杂的数字极少出现。 即使出现，也是以整数的形式，如：18 bi11ion， four million， 数序的表达 在数序的表达上，中文和英文在某些方面有所 不同。中文中某些有数序意义的词，英文中用基数 词；而中文中某些没有数序意义的词，英文中则要 用序数词。如： 第四中学：No4 Middle Schoo1 第五课：Lesson 5 (The fifth lesson) 第115号房间： Room ll5 数序的表达 小数的读法比较简单，按照数词的顺序逐个 读，迟到小数点读作point 零读作zero。例如； 0.3： zero point three； 9.7：nine point seven 1.45：one point four five 4.862：four point eight six two 数序的表达 分数和小数的表达 分子为1的分数，以one为分子，序数词为 分母。此外， 1/2与1/4两个分数较为特殊，应加 以注意。例如 l/2：one half；1/3：one third ； 1/4：one fourth(或one quarter) 1 ：one and a half； ：two and three quarters 分子不是1的分数，分子为基数词，分为序 数词并加“s“。例如： ：two thirds； ：five elevenths； ：four and three fifths 货币名称和价格的读法: 1美元：one dollar；25美分：quarter；10美 分：dime；5美分：nickle 美分便士:centpenny $17.84：seventeen dollars eighty-four cents 其他与数字有关的词 couple (一对)、dozen(一打)、daily(每天)、 month1y(每月)、twice(两倍)、double(翻倍)、 triple(增加到三倍)等。 在时间与数字型题中，还要注意下述两点： 1)如果遇到两个相同的数字，口语中常读作“double十 数 字，零常读成 0h或 zero 。如： Room 602 读作 room six oh two； 8579906读作 eight five seven double nine oh six “ 罚款 fine 校内：library 里面，书过期 overdue 各种费用： fare 交通费（车费，船费）， fee 杂费， tuition 学费， tuition and fee 学杂费， rent 房租， utilities 水电费， rate 按比例收取的费用， post rate=postage 邮资 关于工作 常考思路: (1) 找到工作高兴 (2) 失去工作伤心 a.被解雇 b. 离开旧工作 (3) 拒绝工作令人感到奇怪 线索词: 找工作的过程: (1) 信息来源 a. classified ads 分类广告 help and wanted section 供求 关系栏 b. bulletin board 公告栏 c. flyer传单 (2) make a phone call Is the position still available? 工作职位还仍然空缺吗? (3) resume 个人简历 certification 学历证, ID 身份 证,qualification 资历, recommendation letter 推荐信 fill out= fill in = fill up 填表格 (4) interview 面试 人性的缺点 （1）健忘 forgetful, absent-minded, slip ones mind Hes forgetful. / Isnt he forgetful? / How forgetful he is! （2）害羞 shy 害羞, embarrassed 尴尬, self- conscious 自信, keep ones mind/ thought to oneself=keep to onself 租房子 常考思路 （1）房难找 （2）房太贵 （3）房太嘈 线索词 for rent 房子出租， house , living-room 厅， rest-room 厕所 理发 线索词 cut 大剪， trim 小修剪， bang 男生刘海， parting 分头(I want parting to the left.我想要左分头。) plait 辫子， fringe 女生刘海， pigtail 麻花辫， ponytail 马尾辫， ripple 波浪卷发 2）职业、身份 根据说话内容判断说话者的身份和职业是听力测试中又一常见题型 。该题型的题项设计有两种： (1)说话者自身的身份或职业 根据谈话内容判断说话者一方的职业或身份： W: Good evening, Professor David. My name is Susan Gray. Im with the local newspaper. Do you mind if I ask you a few questions? M: Not at all. Go ahead, please. Q: What is Susan Gray? A. A writer. B. A teacher. C. A reporter. D. A student. 由local newspaper可以判断说话者是位记者,在采访。 M: How about the food I ordered? Ive been waiting for 20 minutes already. W: Im very sorry, sir. Ill be back with your order in a minute. Q: Who is the man most probably speaking to? A. A shop assistant. B. A telephone operator. C. A waitress. D. A clerk. 与order有关的自然是waitress,答案为A。 (2)说话双方之间的关系 该题型是上一题型的延伸,要求同学们能判断说话者双方的身 份,问题经常是Whats the relationship between the two speakers? W: How long will it take you to fix my watch? M: Ill call you when its ready. But it shouldnt take longer than a week. Q: What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Librarian and student. B. Operator and caller. C. Boss and secretary. D. Customer and repairman. 既然女士让男的fix my watch,说明对方是repairman,而自己 是customer。 M: Sorry to trouble you. But is there any possibility of borrowing a blanket? I feel cold. W: I think weve got one. Could you wait until after take-off please? Q: What is the probable relationship between the two speakers? A. A guest and a receptionist. B. A passenger and an air hostess. C. A customer and a shop assistant. D. A guest and a waitress. take-off一词的使用说明女的是空姐,答案自然是B。 可以看出,职业、身份以及说话双方关系的选择所依据的同样 是信息词。当然,要判断双方的关系,还可以从说话的方式入手。 如： M: Make thirty copies for me and twenty copies for Mr. Brown. W: Certainly sir. As soon as I make the final corrections on the original. Q: Whats the relationship between the two speakers? A. Boss and secretary. B. Lawyer and client. C. Teacher and student. D. Nurse and patient. 两人间说话的语气和方式表明是“老板与秘书“的 关系。 3）计算题 计算题在英语听力中属于比较难的题型,要求同学们不仅能分辨不同 的时间、金钱等数量概念,还应能将听到的各个数量联系起来进行加减 运算。如： M: Your son seems to have made much progress in playing the piano. Does he attend any piano classes? W: Yes, he takes lessons twice a week, but from next week on, he will go to the class on Saturday evenings, too. Q: How often will the womans son have piano lessons from next week on? A. Once a week. B. Twice a week. C. Three times a week. D. Four times a week. 两次加一次自然是三次,答案是C。 W: Professor Clark said that the mid-term exam would cover the first 15 lessons. M: Really? I thought it only included the first 12 lessons. Then I must spend the weekend going over the rest of the lessons. Q: How many lessons must the man review over the weekend? A. Five lessons. B. Three lessons. C. Twelve lessons D. Fifteen lessons. W: Heres a 10-dollar bill. Give me two tickets for tonights show please. M: Sure. Two tickets and here is 1,40 change. Q: How much does one ticket cost? A.1.40. B.4.30. C.6.40. D.8.60 10美元,两张票,找零1.40美元,说明每张票为4.30美元。 从以上例子可以看出,含有数量概念的题,对话中提到的数量 一般不可能为正确答案,总要同学们进行一些简单的加减运算。 4）言外之意、弦外之音 推测说话者话中之话是听力中必考的题型。从试题的设计特点来看, 大体有一下几种： (1)对虚拟语气的考查 包含虚拟语气的听力考题中一般都有“是与非“相对的选项,这就要求 同学们了解虚拟语气的表意功能,根据虚拟语气判断正确选项。如： W: Im thinking of going to Austin for a visit. Do you think its worth seeing? M: Well, I wish I had been there. Q: What do we learn from the conversation? A. The man is planning a trip to Austin. B. The man has not been to Austin before. C. The man doesnt like Austin. D. The man has been to Austin before. I wish I had been there.说明说话人没有去过。 W: If it hadnt been snowing so hard, I might have been home by 9 oclock. M: Its too bad you didnt make it. Jane was here and she wanted to see you. Q: What happened to the woman? A. She got home before 9 oclock. B. She had a bad cold. C. She had a car accident. D. She was delayed. If it hadnt been snowing so hard, I might have been home by 9 oclock.说明因为雪太大,说话者未能 在9点前到家。也就是说she was delayed。 (2)对建议的考查 建议题要求同学们掌握建议的各种表达方式,根据建议选择正 确选项。如： W: The movie starts in 5 minutes and theres bound to be a long time. M: Why dont we come back for the next show? Im sure it would be less crowded. Q: What is the man suggesting? A. Coming back for a later show. B. Waiting in a queue. C. Coming back in