2010年自考英语《英语国家概况》冲刺练习.ppt

在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从 句句( (Noun Clauses)Noun Clauses)。名词性从句的功能相名词性从句的功能相 当于名词或名词词组当于名词或名词词组, , 它在复合句中能担它在复合句中能担 任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语 等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能， 名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语 从句、表语从句和同位语从句。从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 His job is important. What he does is important. This is his job. This is what he does every day. I dont like his job. I dont like what he does every day. I dont know about the man, Mr. White. I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher. 引导名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词 1. 1. 连词连词 : : that (宾语从句或表语从句中that有时可以省略) whether,if （表示“是否”表明内容的不确定性) as if ,as though （表示“好像”，“似乎”） 2. 2. 连接连接代词代词: : what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever 3. 3. 连接副词连接副词: : when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however 1 That he will succeed is certain. 2 Whether he will go there is not known. 3 What he said is not true. 4 Where he hid the money is to be found out . 5 Whoever comes is welcome. 6 How we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting. 7 When theyll start the project has not been decided yet. 为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常 用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作 真正的主语。 1. It is certain that he will succeed. 2. It is not known whether he will go there. 3. It has not been decided yet when theyll start the project. “It” is used as empty subject. 形式主语 宾语从句在句中充当宾语成分(可以作谓语动词、 介词、不定式等非谓语动词的宾语) They know that the habit will kill them. It all depends on whether they will support us. He asked how much I paid for the violin. He made it clear to the public that he did an important and necessary job. I find it necessary that we should do the homework. Tell the function of the following clauses. that, whether, if (that常可省略) who, what, which, whoever, whatever, when where why how 当whether后紧跟or/or not时,不用if. I dont know whether I will stay or not. 介词后面的宾语从句不能用if. I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 1. whether和if都可以引导宾语从句 在主+谓+it (形式宾语) +宾补+that从 句(真正宾语)的句型中不省略 We must make it clear that we mean what we say. 由连词and连接的两个由that引导 的宾语从句中,第二个that不省略。 He told me (that) he would come and that he would come on time. The question is whether we can rely on him. Thats because we were in need of money at that time. He looked as if he was going to cry. Thats why I was late. 表语从句:在句中充当表语成分，一般放 在系动词之后。 作用:对主语进行解释说明。 Tips:Tips:系动词系动词 be keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand seem, appear, look feel, smell, sound, taste, look become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run when / where / why / how / because that / whether / as if / as though (if不 引导表语从句) who / whom / whose / which / what 同位语从句在句中充当同位语成分，其一般跟在一些 抽象名词(idea; belief; fact; truth; problem; news等 )后面，对名词作进一步解释说明。 同位语从句常用that引导或用连接副词when / where / why / how / whether The news that we won the game is exciting. Tom made his teacher a promise that he would never be late again. The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 1.同位语从句的格式： 2.能接同位语从句的名词有： 3.连接词通常是that,也可根据含义选用 n. + 连接词 + 从句 fact, idea, news, order, belief, suggestion, advice, information等 whether, what, when, where等来引导 同位语从句。 1. Two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet./ The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot. 2. The Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China./ We heard the news last night. _ The fact that two thirds of all girls are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot. _ _ _ We heard the news last night that the Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China. 4. Time travel is possible./ There is no scientific proof for the idea. 5. Chinese students should be given more free time./ The suggestion is welcomed by many people, especially kids in school. 3. Teenagers should not spend too much time online./ Many British parents hold the view._ Many British parents hold the view that teenagers shouldnt spend too much time online. _ _ There is no scientific proof for the idea that time travel is possible. _ _ The suggestion that Chinese students should be given more free time is welcomed by many people, especially kids in school. 1. 定语从句是先行词的修饰语, 它不涉及 先行词的具体内容。定语从句中that不 但起连接作用, 而且在定语从句中充当一 个句子成分, 充当从句的宾语成分时可省 略。 2. 同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的 解释和说明, 表明中心词的具体内容。 引导同位语从句的that在同位语从句中 不做任何成分, 只起连接作用, 无具体含 义, 且不可省略。 1. We expressed the hope that they had expressed. 2. We expressed the hope that they would come to China again. 1. The information has been announced that more middle school graduates will be admitted into university. 2. The information that he revealed at the meeting is of great value. AT AP AP AT 1. _ the baby could speak made his parents very happy. A. That B. What C. Why D. If 2. I wonder _ you will go shopping or stay at home. A. that B. if C. whether D. what 主语从句 宾语从句 3. This is _ he was often late for school. A. what B. that C. why D. whether 4. We all know the truth _ the earth _ around the sun. A. if; moved B. that; moves C. why; move D. whether; move 表语从句 同位语从句 At lunch time, the radio weatherman reported that the mist would become a thick fog in the afternoon. The truth is that the fog is too thick for the bus to run that far. What surprised me most was that the old man couldnt see anything. The fact that Polly didnt ask for the mans name is a pity. Find clauses from the following sentences and tell the functions of them. Appositive Clause (同位语从句) Subject Clause (主语从句) Object Clause (宾语从句) Predicative Clause (表语从句) 一、名词性从句的语序 (1) 名词性从句构成有两种 a. That + 陈述句 That light travels in straight lines is known to all. This is what we are looking for. b. 疑问词+句子的剩余成分 Could you tell me where he lives? ( ) Could you tell me where does he live? ( ) (2) 疑问词引导的名词性从句要求使用陈述 句语序，不能用一般疑问句语序。 How was he successful is still a puzzle. ( ) How he was successful is still a puzzle. ( ) 你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？ F T T F 他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。 二、名词性从句连接词的选用 (1) that 和what 的选用 that 和 what 都可引导所有的名词性 从句。但是，what除起连接作用外， 还在名词性从句中充当成分，可作从 句的主语、宾语、或表语。而that在 名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起 连接作用。 that / what 1. _ he wants is a book. 2. _ he wants to go there is obvious. 3. The result is _ we won the game. 4. This is _ we want to know. 5. Is _ he told us true? 6. We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying. 7. I have no doubt _ he will come. 8. I have no idea _ he did that afternoon. What That that what what what that what a. 主语从句 b. 表语从句 c. 同位语从句 d. 介词后的宾语从句 e. whether to do 做动词宾语不能用if to do. f. 与 or not 连在一起引导宾语从句 时不用if. 不能使用if 的情况: 1. I asked her _ she had a bike. 2. _ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather. 3. Were worried about _ he is safe. 4. I dont know _ he is well or not. 5. I dont know _ or not he is well. 6. The question is _ he should do it. 7. The doctor can hardly answer the question _ the old man will recover soon. 8. I havent decided _ to go there. if / whether Whether whether whether / if whether whether whether whether 1. They expressed the hope _ they would come over to China. A. which B. that C. whom D. when 2. The fact _ he didnt see Tom yesterday is true. A. that B. which C. when D. what 3. I have no idea _ he will come back. A. where B. when C. what D. if 4. One of the men held the view _ the book said was right. A. what that B. that which C. that what D. which that 5. Word has come _ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week. A. what B. whether C. that D. which 6. The question is _ the film is worth seeing. A. if B. what C. whether D. how 7. They received orders _ the work be done at once. A. which B. when C. / D. that 8. The reason _ I have to go is _ my mother is ill in bed. A. why; why B. why; because C. why; that D. that; because 9. _ I cant understand is _ she wants to change her mind. A. What; why B. Which; how C. That; why D. What; because 10. _ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain. A. That B. Whether C. If D. Even if 11. It is known to us _ where there is pollution, there is harm. A. which B. where C. what D. that 12. I have the information _. A. of what hell come soon B. that hell come soon C. of that hell come soon D. his coming soon 13. - I saw your neighbor break your window with a basketball. - _ it made me nearly mad. A. That he broke B. What he broke C. He broke D. His break 14. It remains a question _ we can get so much money in such a short time. A. how B. that C. when D. what 15. - Can I help you? - Yes, do you know _? A. when comes the bus B. when will come the bus C. when does the bus come D. when the bus comes 16. He made a promise _ anyone set him free he would make him very rich. A. that B. if C. what D. that if 17. They lost their way in the forest and _ made matters worse was _ night began to fall. A. what; that B. it; that C. what; when D. which; what 18. It now appears _ they are in need of help. A. that B. which C. what D. how 19. It is good news _ they will arrive in a few days. A. which B. what C. that D. how 20. It _ Joe drives badly. A. thought that B. thinks that C. was thought that D. is thought that 21. You must do well _ the teacher asks you to do. A. which B. what C. that D. where 22. This is _ she was born. A. where B. which C. that D. what 23. The question is _ we cant go there today. A. that B. what C. which D. when 24. The question is _ it is worth doing. A. if B. whether C. which D. what 25. The reason he has made such great progress is _ he has never wasted his time. A. because B. why C. that D. what 26. M