2010年中考英语语法复习—形容词、副词.ppt

形容词、副词 考点揭密 典型例题解析 课时训练 中考语法专项复习 比较等级的构成 构成方法原级比较级最高级 一般词词尾加er,esttalltallertallest 以不发发音的e结结尾的加 r,st nicenicernicest 以一个辅辅音字母结结尾 的重读闭读闭 音节词节词 ，双 写结结尾的这这一辅辅音字 母，再加er,est thin wet thinner wetter thinnest wettest 以辅辅音字母+y结结尾的 词词，变变y为为i,再加er,est busy happy busier happier busiest happiest 双音节词节词 和多音节词节词 , 在其前面加more或 most important more important the most importan t 不规则变化 原 级 good well bad badly ill many much littleoldfar 比 较 级 betterworsemorelessolder elder farther further 最 高 级 bestworstmostleastoldest oldest furthest furthest 考点揭密 1.掌握形容词作宾语时的位置，一般放在被修饰词前； 但当修饰不定代词时要后置，如something important,nothing serious等； 3.掌握形容词副词的比较级、最高级的构成，一般规则 形容词、副词比较级、最高级有四种加法，即直接在 原级词尾 加-er,-est,如youngyoungeryoungest; 原级以e结尾，加 r,st,如：largelarger largest; 原级以辅音字母+y结尾，则要将y改为i再加-er,-est, 如:heavyheavierheaviest; 原级以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个 辅音字母，要双写这个辅间字母再加-er- est,如：hot-hotter-hottest 大多数双音节和多音节词的比较级，最高 级是在原级前加more,most,如：beautiful -more beautiful beautiful-most beautiful; 不规则的比较级、最高级要特别记忆， 考点揭密 4.掌握形容词、副词表示比较的几种结构。 表示两者“相等”用，as+形容词/副词原级+比 较对象； 表示“不如”没有“不相等”，用“not+as/so+形 容词、副词原级+as+比较对象”； 用形容词、副词的比较级+than从句表示两者 比较； 比较级前可用much,a little,even,等表示程度 ； 比较级and比较级，表示越来越； the+比较级.the+另一个比较级表示越 越； 形容词、副词前如有： very,too,quite,rather等修饰，一般用原级 ； 三者、三者以上的比较，一般用最高级 ；常用介词in，of短语表示比较的范围； 表示“最之一”，用one of +最高级+ 复数名词； 最高级前一般要加“the”；副词最高级前 可加“the”也可不加“the”；当最高级前有物 主代词时，则不加“the”。 一、形容词在句中的作用 作定语：如 Its an interesting book. 作表语：如 He looks young. 作宾语的补足语：如 We should keep the classroom clean. I think it important to learn English well. 其他用法： 1、the +形容词可转化为名词 The young should help the old . 年轻人应该帮助老人。 注意注意: : 1 1、形容词、形容词 修饰不定代词时放在后面修饰不定代词时放在后面. . EgEg: I didnt get : I didnt get anythinganything useful useful from from the speech.the speech. If you listen carefully, you will find If you listen carefully, you will find something something newnew. . 2 2、enoughenough修饰形容词时放在形容词的后修饰形容词时放在形容词的后 面。（面。（enoughenough修饰名词时放在名词的前修饰名词时放在名词的前 面）面） l lHe is He is old enoughold enough to go to school. to go to school. l lThere is There is enough timeenough time to have a rest. to have a rest. 常用系动词常用系动词: : 表判断或状态的：表判断或状态的：be look seem sound smell be look seem sound smell taste feel appeartaste feel appear 表变化的：表变化的：become turn get grow go come become turn get grow go come 常接形容词做宾补的词常接形容词做宾补的词 make / Keep/ Leave/ make / Keep/ Leave/ find/feel/consider/think ( it) +find/feel/consider/think ( it) +adjadj EgEg: make me happy / make the room dirty: make me happy / make the room dirty EgEg: keep the desk tidy : keep the desk tidy EgEg: leave the door open: leave the door open EgEg: I consider him honest.: I consider him honest. He thinks it unnecessary to learn English. He thinks it unnecessary to learn English. 但在选词时一定要注意到句子的内涵，切勿 被表面现象所迷惑 He is _ (real) happy. The man was _ (terrible) ill. Luckily, my sister wasnt _ (badly) hurt in the accident. (注意形容词副词的变化规律） (这些副词可是用来表示程度的噢！） really terribly badly 二、形容词的比较等级 变化规律以及不规则变化（重点记忆并灵 活运用） 比较等级所用的句式（重点掌握） 注意：比较时一定在同类事物之间进行 。 如: His hair is longer than I.(） His hair is longer than mine/my hair.(） “比较等级轻松用”口诀 形副比较级，学好很容易。 句式有五种，听我讲详细。 单独说一方，形副用原级。 甲方比乙方，er别忘记， 如遇多音节，more词加原 级。 所用修饰词，当然有差异。 Very、too，so ,quite,其后 加原级， much、a little，still,far,修 饰比较级。 甲乙双方同，双as夹原级。 甲方不如乙，not记心里， 甲乙位置别乱换，换位就反 义。 形副最高级，一样不费力。 单音节形副词，末尾加上- est. 如遇多音节，most加原级。 定冠词the要注意，最高级 前别忘记。 物代所有格若在前，千万不 可再加the. 后常加of/in短语，比较范围 要注意。 若在选择疑问句，供选三方 不缺一。 练习英语the more, the better 你的成绩定better and better. 一、同级比较。 肯定句：as+原级+as （和一样）， 否定句：not as/so +原级+as (和不一 样/ 不如） 例：Im as old as he.我和他一样大。 Im not as/so strong as he.我不如他强 壮。 表示倍数的句型：be+倍数+as+原级+as 例：The tree is twice as tall as that one. 这棵树有那棵树两倍高。 二、两个事物相比用比较级，表示 “更 ” 句型：A +be +比较级+than +B 例：The sun is bigger than the earth. 太阳比地球大。 比较级可用一些词来修饰：even，much, a little ,a bit, far 等。表示“得多”或“ 一点”。 例：Your room is a little bigger than mine. 你的房间比我的大一点。 I feel even worse today. 我今天感觉更糟了。 表示一方不如另一方时，用表示一方不如另一方时，用“ “.less+.less+形容词原级形容词原级 +than.”+than.”； 例：例：English is less difficult than math.English is less difficult than math. 英语不如数学难。英语不如数学难。 He is less nervous than you.He is less nervous than you.他没有你那么紧张他没有你那么紧张 。 三、比较级的一些特殊用法 1、 the +比较级，the +比较级 （越,越） The more trees we plant, the less pollution there will be.我们种越多的树，污染就越少。 The harderThe harder he works, he works, the happierthe happier he feels. he feels. 他工作越努力，就越感到高兴。他工作越努力，就越感到高兴。 2、比较级+and+比较级（越来越） The baby cried harder and harder. 那个婴儿哭得越来越厉害。 Our country is becoming Our country is becoming more and moremore and more beautifulbeautiful and and richer and richerricher and richer. . 3、be+倍数+比较级+than The building is twice higher than our classroom. 那个建筑物比我们教室高两倍。 4、be +数词+名词+比较级+than He is two years older than I.他比我大两岁。 四、三个或三个以上的事物进行比较用最高级句型 1、be+the 最高级+of/in短语（比较范围） Li Lei is the best student of all / in our school. 李雷是所有学生中/我们学校最好的学生。 2、one of the+最高级+名词复数 Miss Li is one of the most popular teachers in our school. 李老师是我们学校最受欢迎的老师之一。 注：最高级前可有叙述词来修饰，表示其排列顺序。 Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 黄河是中国第二大河。 3、Which/What/Who is the +最高级，A,B or C? 例: Which is the biggest,the sun, the earth or the moon? 哪个最大，太阳，地球还是？ 五、比较级和最高级的句型互换 be +比较级+than any other +名词的单数 （同一范围内进行比较） 例： Jim is the tallest boy in his class.（同义句） 吉姆是他班最高的男孩。 Jim is taller than any other boy in his class. 吉姆比他班上其他男孩都高。 be+比较级+than+any +名词单数（不同范围内比较） 例：Shanghai is bigger than any city in Japan. 上海比日本的任何城市都大。 2.2.多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序（适当了解）多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序（适当了解） 如果两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时，与被如果两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时，与被 修饰的名词关系较密切的形容词靠近名词；如修饰的名词关系较密切的形容词靠近名词；如 果几个形容词的密切程度差不多，则音节少的果几个形容词的密切程度差不多，则音节少的 形容词在前，音节多的在后。如：形容词在前，音节多的在后。如：a small a small beautiful roombeautiful room。 常用的顺序为：常用的顺序为： 限定词限定词(those) + (those) + 数量形容词数量形容词(three) + (three) + 描绘性形描绘性形 容词容词(beautiful) + (beautiful) + 大小、长短、高低等形体性大小、长短、高低等形体性 形容词形容词(large) + (large) + 新旧新旧(old) + (old) + 颜色颜色(brown) + (brown) + 国国 籍籍 + + 材料材料(wood) + (wood) + 被修饰名词被修饰名词(table)(table) 形容词和其他词性间的相互转换 注意注意: : uu1.1.名词名词+ +lyly形容词形容词; ;形容词形容词+ +lyly副词副词 friendfriendlyly, love, lovelyly, live, livelyly, home, homelyly ( (形容形容 词词) friendl) friendlilyily, livel, livelilyily, happ, happilyily ( ( 副词副词) ) uu2.fast,early,straight2.fast,early,straight，late ,hardlate ,hard既是形既是形 容词又是副词容词又是副词, ,不加不加ly.(ly.(hardlyhardly表示表示“ “几乎不几乎不 ” ”） He runs fast.He runs fast. My watch is fast. My watch is fast. 名词+y 形容词 sun sunny health healthy 名词 +al 形容词 nation national music musical 名词+ful 形容词 color colorful peace peaceful a+动词形容词 sleep asleep 动词+ing/ ed 形容词 relax relaxing/ relaxed tire tired/tiring 名词+able 形容词 enjoy enjoyable knowledge knowledgable 名词+en 形容词 wool woolen 还有一些特殊变化：die dead please pleased /pleasant 练习一、选出正确答案 1.-Have you ever seen “Tom and Jerry”? -Sure.Its one of _ cartoons I have ever seen. A. wonderful B. more wonderful C. the most wonderful 2. Its _ cheaper and _ enjoyable to travel by train than by plane. A. much; far more B. very; very much C. More; much more 3. Chongqing is bigger than _ in India. A. any other city B. any city C. the other cities C A B 4.We should spend _ time doing _ work. A. more; less B. less ;more C. less; fewer 5.Who left the windows _ ? A. open; B. opened C. opening 6.If you like the chicken ,you may have as_ as you can. A. much B. many C. more 7. The question is _ more difficult than that one. A.quite B. very C. a little 8.The population of China is _ than that of Japan. A.more B. larger C. less B A A C B _ 9. -Jill,where would you like to go on vacation? -Wed like to _ . A. somewhere warm B. warm somewhere C. anywhere warm 10. Mum, could I have a CD player like this? -Certainly, we can buy a _ one ,but as good as this one. A. cheap B. cheaper C. cheapest 11.He is fourteen, I am sixteen.So Im_ him. A. as old as B. two years younger than C. not so young as A B C 12.The garden is _ that one. A. three times as long as B.three times longer as C. as long as three times 13. The _ person is talking with the doctor. A. ill B. sick C. illness 14. -The TV play was _ . -Yes, Ive never seen _. A. such great; a better one B. so great; a better one C. very good; the best one 15.-I think English is _ French. - I dont agree with you. A. so popular as B. less popular than C. as more popular as A B B B 练习二、用所给词的适当形式填空： 1.The teacher was_ (happy),because the classroom was _ (noise). 2.My dog has been_ (die) for 2 weeks. 3.Its _(possible) for me to finish it today, Im too busy. 4.If you want to be thinner and _ (health),you should eat _ (little)food. 5.He felt very _ (sleep) and fell _ (sleep) soon. 6.The work is _ (tire),and we are_ (tire). unhappy noisy dead impossible healthier less sleepyasleep tiring tired 7.The people there are _ (friend) to us.7.The people there are _ (friend) to us. 8.He knows a lot, he is _ (know).8.He knows a lot, he is _ (know). 9.Jack wants to be a _ (nation) player.9.Jack wants to be a _ (nation) player. 10. Dont feel _ (worry) about your son.10. Dont feel _ (worry) about your son. 11. Its a _ (please) trip for us all.11. Its a _ (please) trip for us all. 12. The _ (finally) exam is coming.12. The _ (finally) exam is coming. 13. We all had a very _ (enjoy) time 13. We all had a very _ (enjoy) time lastlast Sunday.Sunday. 14.14.The _ (beauty) girl was _ (love) and _ (live). 15.I think the movie is_ (education) friendly knowledgeable national worried pleasant final enjoyable beautiful lively lovely educational 练习三 一、改正以下各句。 1. Shanghai is bigger than any other city in Japan. Shanghai is bigger than any city in Japan. Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China. 2. I have many more books than you. I have much more books than you. 3. Johns hair is longer than Mike. Johns hair is longer than Mikes. Its enough easy to work out the problem. Its easy enough to work out the problem. 5. He works as careful as his sister. He works as carefully as his sister. 6. The Changjiang River is the first long in China. The Changjiang River is the first longest in China. 7.There s interesting something in todays newspaper. Theres something interesting in todays newspaper. 8. Id like to visit Qufu, because its education. Id like to visit Qufu, because its educational. 【例1】 Which is_ season in Beijing? I think its autumn. 2003 北京 A.good B.better C.best D.the best 典型例题解析 【例2】 It is_today than yesterday.Shall we go swimming this afternoon?2003 北京海淀区 A.the hottest B.hot C.hottest D.hotter D D 【例3】 Jim is running_Bruce.Theyre neck and neck,2003 黑龙江 A.faster than B.as fast as C.as faster as D.more slowly than 【例4】 Her mother was out.She stayed at home_, but she didnt feel _.2003 甘肃 A.alone,lonely B.lonely alone C.alone,lonely D.lonely,alone 【例5】 Is the physics problem_? Yes,I can work it out _.2003 黄冈 A.easy,easily B.easy,easy C.easily,easy D.easily,easily B A A .写出下列词的比较级和最高级。 1.badly /bad/ill 2.early 3.difficult 4.thin 5.hard 课时训练 worseworst earlierearliest more difficultmost difficult thinnerthinnest harderhardest .根据句意填空。 1.Which film is_this one or that one?(interesting) 2.I think English is one of _ subjects in middle school(important). 3.Li Lei doesnt study so_ as his sister.(care) 4.Ann is a little_ than Joan,but she is much_ .(young,tall) 5.The Changjiang River is very _.Its The third_ river in the world. (long) 课时训练 more interesting the most important carefully younger taller long longest .单项选择 1.What a _ cough!You seen_ill. A.terrible,terribly B.terribly,terrible C.terrible,terrible D.terribly,terribly 2.The car is running_.It seems to be flying. A.more and faster B.more and fast C.fast and