2016职称英语真题及答案 综合A.docx

2016职称英语真题及答案 综合a第1部分：词汇选项（第115题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1. only people over 18 areeligibleto vote.a. honest b.qualifiedc. enabled d.clever2. the latest car modelembodiesthe new research development.a. lists b. includesc. borrows d.broadens3. the coastal area has verymildwinter, but the central plains remain extremea. severe b.hardc.warm d. dry4. she is an artist whose work will undoubtedlywithstandthe test of time.a. grade b.attractc.bear d. suffer5. he wore ashabbythin overcoat in the cold winter so that he fell ill.a.old b.bigc. new d.small6. the weather was sogorgeousthatmany people went outing.a. uncontrollable b. pleasantc. cloudy d. unbearable7. competitors mustabide bythejudges decisiona. keep b. readc. understandd. obey8. the umbrella wasingeniouslydevised to fold up into the pocket.a. seriously b. cleverlyc. attentively d. carefully9. some newspapers in the west arenotablybiased.a.especially b.whollyc. totally d. fairly10. his answers wereobscureand confusing.a.unclearb.obviousc. clear d. direct11. the way she looked after her youngsister was reallytouchinga. disturbing b. connectingc.moving d.waving12. we are worried about thisfluidsituation full with uncertainty.a. stable b. suitablec.changeabled.adaptable13. they have built canals toirrigatethe desert.a. decorate b.changec. visit d.water14. the details of the costume were totallyauthentic.a. outstandingb. realc. creative d. false15. the newgarmentfits her perfectly.a. clothesb.haircutc. purse d.necklace第2部分：阅读判断（第1622题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择a；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择b；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择c。income taxfor many young americans, graduating from college means finding a job, moving out of the dorm room and beginning to register ones annual earnings with the us government.that last item is the law, though sometimes its a hassle(难事)to obey.independent tax advisor bob gilbert calls the us income tax system amazingly complicated. but he adds that very little of the complicated tax law applies to young people who are just beginning their careers. according to gilbert, 80 to 90 percent of americans are not really burdened by the systems complications.still, all the numbers and forms can be a little confusing to those who are just starting their careers. some pull out their calculators and try to do the math alone. some use income tax software. others just hand the whole responsibility over to tax firms like gilberts. according to income tax law expert linda beale, young people will often follow their parents lead when filling their income forms.young people who grow up in wealthy households typically use professional tax services because their parents have always done so, said beale, a professor at wayne state university in michigan state.on the other hand, most poorer young people probably try to do their own taxes, unless they want a quick refund with the help of a tax advisor.in fact, obeying the law has its benefits. for one, many young people can expect a tax refund. this means that, over the course of the year, they have paid too much in monthly federal or state taxes and are entitled to the difference.bob thalman, a 20-year-old university student, expects he will get a refund of about 100, which will probably go in the bank, or perhaps be used to pay for car insurance or credit card bills.thalman called the whole process a hassle, but added that he didnt wat to test the law by not filling his income tax papers.im worried about what would happen if i failed to file, he said. i know one individual who did not report his income tax for many years, and hes now in federal prison. i certainly dont want that.16. a college student with a part-time job is not required to file an income tax form.a. rightb. wrongc. not mentioned【答案】c17. the us income tax system does not wholly apply to a college graduate who is just beginning his or her career.a. rightb. wrongc. not mentioned【答案】a18. its pretty easy for a beginner to report his or her income tax.a. rightb. wrongc. not mentioned【答案】b19. when young people file their income tax form, they will often follow in their parents footsteps.a. rightb. wrongc. not mentioned【答案】a20. young people from poorer families neednt file their income tax forms.a. rightb. wrongc. not mentioned【答案】b21. if one has failed to report his or her income tax for quite a few years, he or she may be put in prison.a. rightb. wrongc. not mentioned【答案】a22. the us income tax system will be simplified in the next few years.a. rightb. wrongc. not mentioned【答案】c第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第2330题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第25 段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。tunguska event1a hundred years ago this week, a gigantic explosion ripped (撕裂) open the day above a forest in western siberia, leaving a scientific riddle that endures to this day.2a dazzling lightpierced the heavens,followed by ashock waveas strong as 1,000 atomic bombs. the explosion flattened 80 million trees across an area of 2,000 square kilometers. the fireball was so great that, a day later, londoners could read their newspapers under the night sky. what caused the so-called tunguska event, named after the nearby podkamennaya tunguska river, still remains a mystery.3 experts suspect it was a rock that, after traveling in space for millions of years, was destined to crash to earth at exactly 7:17 a.m. on june 30, 1908. this possibility worries scientists.“imagine an unspotted asteroid (小行星) hitting a significant chunk(块) of land . and imagine if that area, unlike tunguska, were populated,” the british science journal nature commented recently.4 but no fragments of the “rock” have ever been found. finding such evidence would be important, for it would increase our knowledge about the risk posed by dangerous near earth objects (neos), say italian researchers luca gasperini, enrico bonatti and giuseppe longo. when the next tunguska neo approaches, scientists will have to decide whether to try to deflect (使偏转) it or blow it up in space.5 however, several rival theories for the tunguska event exist. wolfgang kundt, a professor at germanys bonn university,believes the tunguska event was caused by a massive escape of 10 million tons of methane(甲烷)-rich gas from deep within earths crust. some people hold that the explosion was caused by an alien spaceship crash, or a black hole in the universe.23. paragraph 2 c 24. paragraph 3 f 25. paragraph 4 e 26. paragraph 5 a a. competing explanationsb. unknown attacksc. mysterious explosiond. star ware. importance of finding evidencef. explanation that worries scientists27. the gigantic explosion that occurred a hundred years ago a28. the shock wave which followed the dazzling light d29.the hypothesis that the explosion was caused by a rock colliding with the earth b 30.wolfgang kundt, who has developed an alternative theory ca. has remained a puzzleb. lacks sufficient evidencec. is a university professord. was generated by the explosione. will kill many animalsf. are attacked by aliens第4部分：阅读理解（第3145题，每题3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇sports star yao mingif yao ming is not the biggest sports star in the world, he is almost certainly the tallest. at 2.26m, he is the tallest player in the national association (nba) and holds the record as the mosttoweringolympian ever to compete in the games.but what really stands out about the giant center is his celebrity (名气). few, if any, chinese athletes are as well-known as yao around the world. people across the globe are fascinated with yao, not only for his basketball prowess (杰出的才能) but also for being a symbol of international commerce.when yao joined the houston rockets as the no. 1 pick in the 2002 nba draft (选拔), he was the first international player ever to be selected first. his assets on the court are clear enough no nba player of his size has ever possessed his mobility, so he isa handful (难对付的人）for opponents on either end of the court. but what makes yao invaluable to the rockets organization is his role as a global citizen and as abridge to millions of potential basketball fans in china.when it was announced in february that yao would miss the rest of the nba season and possibly the olympics with a stress fracture (骨折）in his left foot, a collective shudder (震动) spread across china. after considerable debate and discussion, yao opted to get his foot surgically treated in an operation that placed several tiny screws across the bone, to offer his overburdened foot more support. the surgery was a success,and though the estimated four-month recovery period will leave him little time to prepare with team china, yao has vowed to be ready for the beijing olympics.yao wrapped up a 10-day trip to china,where he underwent a series of traditional chinese medicine (tcm) treatments, hoping to accelerate his recovery process. western experts are generally skeptical of tcms benefits, although new research from the university of rochester suggests that a certain compound derived from shellfish may speed stimulate bone repair.“there is no reason to dismiss tcm,yao told a press conference in beijing. “its been used in our country for thousands of years. i dont think that its short on science.”31. the word towering in paragraph 1 meansa. iarge.b. fat.c. tall.d. great.32. opponents find it very difficult to control yao ming because of hisa. mobility.b. assaultc. defense.d. celebrity.33. yao ming had to undergo a series of tcm treatments becausea. his right foot had been hurting.b. he wanted to make a more rapid recovery.c. the surgical operation had been a failure.d. he couldnt afford all the medical expenses.34. which statement about yao ming is not true?a. he missed the athens olympics.b. he is an nba player.c. he fractured his left foot.d. he is an international figure.35. in general, the western experts attitude towards tcm isa. indifferent.b. positive.c. negative.d. doubtful.第二篇 black holes trigger stars to self-destructscientists have long understood that super massive black holes weighing millions or billions of sunscan tear apart stars that come too close. the black holes gravity pulls harder on the nearest part of the star, an imbalance that pulls the star apart over a period of minutes or hours, once it gets close enough.scientists say this uneven pulling is not the only hazard facing the star. the strain of these unbalanced forces can also trigger a nuclear explosion powerful enough to destroy the star from within. matthieu brassart and jean-pierre luminet of the observatoire de paris in meudon, france, carried out computer simulations of the final moments of such an unfortunate stars life,as it veered towards a super massive black hole.when the star gets close enough, the uneven forces flatten it into a pancake shape.some previous studies had suggested this flattening would increase the density and temperature inside the star enough to trigger intense nuclear reactions that would tear it apart. but other studies had suggested that the picture would be complicated by shock waves generated during the flattening process and that no nuclear explosion should occur.the new simulations investigated the effects of shock waves in detail, and found that even when their effects are included, the conditions favor a nuclear explosion.there will be an explosion of the star it will be completely destroyed,brassart says.although the explosion obliterates the star, it saves some of the stars matter from being devoured by the black hole.the explosion is powerful enough to hurl much of the stars matter out of the black holes reach, he says.the devouring of stars by black holes may already have been observed, although at a much later stage. it is thought that several months after the event that rips the star apart,its matter starts swirling into the hole itself. it heats up as it does so, releasing ultraviolet light and x-rays.if starsdisruptednear black holes really do explode, then they could in principle allow these events to be detected at a much earlier stage, says jules halpern of columbia university in new york, us.it may make it possible to see thedisruptionof that star immediately if it gets hot enough, he says.brassart agrees. perhaps it can be observed in the x-rays and gamma rays, but its something that needs to be more studied, he says. supernova researcher chris fryer of the los alamos national laboratory in los alamos, new mexico, us , says the deaths of these stars are difficult to simulate, and he is not sure whether the researchers have proven their case that they explode in the process.36. what would take place if a star gets too close to a black hole?a. the black hole would rip the star apart.b. the star would veer away from the black hole.c.the black hole could reduce its size considerably.d. the flattering process would reduce the stars density.37. according to paragraph 3,researchers differed in the likelihood of generatinga. star density.b. shock waves.c. the uneven forces.d. nuclear explosion.38. according to paragraph 4, the new simulations favoreda. the creation of a new star.b. the formation of a new black hole.c. the enlargement of the star.d. a nuclear explosion.39. what is supposed to happen several months after the explosion of the star?a. the stars matter will move further away from by the black hole.b. the black holes matter will heat up.c. the torn stars matter will swirl into the black hole.d. the black holes matter will devour ultraviolet light and x-rays.40. the word “disruption” in paragraph 6 meansa. eruption.b.interruption.c. flattening.d.tearing apart.第三篇 dont count on dungconservationists(自然保护主义者) may be miscalculating the numbers of thethreatenedanimals such as elephants, say african and american researchers. the error occurs because of a flaw in the way they estimate animal numbers from the piles of dung(粪) the creatures leave behind.the mistake could lead researchers to think that there are twice as many elephants as there really are in some regions,according to andrew plumptre of the wildlife conservation society (wcs) in new york.biologist katy payne of cornell university in ithaca, new york, agrees. “we really need to know elephant numbers and the evidence that we have is quite indirect,” says payne, who electronically tracks elephants.counting elephants from planes is impossible in the vast rainforests of central africa. so researchers often estimate elephant numbers by counting dung piles in a given area. they also need to know the rate at which dung decays: because its extremely difficult to determine these rates, however, researchers counting elephants in one region tend to rely on standard decay rates established elsewhere.but researchers at the wcs have found that this decay rate varies from region to region depending on the climate and environment. using the wrong values can lead the census astray(离开正道), says plumptre.he and his colleague anthony chifu nchanji studied decaying elephant dung in the forests of cameroon. they found that the dung decayed between 55 and 65 per cent more slowly than the dung in the rainforests of neighbouring gabon. if researchers use decay rates from gabon to count elephants in cameroon, they would probably find more elephants than are actually around. this could mean estimates in cameroon are at least twice as high as those derived from decay rates calculated locally, says plumptre. “however accurate your dung density estimate might be, the decay rate can severely affect the result.”plumptre also says that the dung-pile census should be carried out over a region similar in size to an elephants natural range. the usual technique of monitoring only small, protected areas distorts numbers because elephants move in and out of these regions, he says ”if the elephant population increases within the protected area, you can not determine whether it is a real increase or whether it is due to elephants moving in because they are being poached(入侵偷猎) outside.”plumptre says that similar problems may also affect other animal census studies that rely on indirect evidence such as nests, tracks or burrows(地洞).41. the word threatened in paragraph 1 meansa. frightenedb. angered.c.endangered.d. killed .42. the way elephant numbers are estimated isa. technical.b. theoretical.c. unhelpful.d. mistaken.42. counting piles of dung is not reliable because they differ ina. decay rate.b. size.c. shape.d. track location.44. according to plumptre, a dung-pile census should be conducted in aa. small region.b. natural range.c. protected area.d. monitored place.45. in making an animal census study, plumptre advises researchers not to rely ona. indirect evidence.b. monitoring techniquec. electrical devices.d. aeroplanes.第5部分：补全短文（第4650题，每题2分，共10分）下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，请根据短文内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。saunaceremonial (仪式性的) bathing has existed for thousands of years and has many forms, one of which is the sauna.the finns have perfected the steam bath, or sauna, which may be taken, usually in an enclosed room, by pouring water over hot rocks or as a dry heat bath.