2016年职称英语等级考试真题（卫生类A级） 专家解读版.docx

2016年职称英语等级考试真题（卫生类a级）第1部分：词汇选项（第115题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1. we are worried about thisfluidsituation full with uncertainty.a. stable b. suitablec. changeable d. adaptable2. the umbrella wasingeniouslydevised to fold up into the pocket.a. seriously b.cleverlyc. attentively d. carefully3. competitors mustabide bythe judges decisiona. keep b. readc. understand d. obey4. the details of the costume were totallyauthentic.a. outstanding b. realc. creative d. false5. she is an artist whose work will undoubtedlywithstandthe test of time.a. grade b. attractc.bear d. suffer6. the newgarmentfits herperfectly.a. clothesb. haircutc. purse d. necklace7. the way she looked after her young sister was reallytouchinga. disturbing b. connectingc. moving d. waving8. some newspapers in the west arenotablybiased.a. especially b. whollyc. totally d. fairly9. the coastal area has verymildwinter, but the central plains remain extreme.a. severe b. hardc. warmd. dry10. they have built canals toirrigatethe desert.a. decorate b. changec. visit d. water11. he wore ashabbythin overcoat in the cold winter so that he fell ill.a. old b. bigc. new d. small12. his answers wereobscureand confusing.a. unclearb. obviousc. clear d. direct13. only people over 18 areeligibleto vote.a. honest b. qualifiedc. enabled d. clever14. the weather was sogorgeousthat many people went outing.a. uncontrollable b.pleasantc. cloudy d. unbearable15. the latest car modelembodiesthe new research development.a. lists b. includesc. borrows d. broadens第2部分：阅读判断（第1622题，每题1分，共7分）暂无下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择a；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择b；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择c。第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第2330题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第25 段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。sleep well to be well1 do you often feel tired in the morning even though youve been in bed for seven oreight hours the night before?like many people, you are not sleeping as much as you think you are. in other words,your sleep efficiency is not that good.2 sleep experts define “sleep efficiency” as the percentage of time lying down that you are actually sleeping.according to explanatory journalism website , the science of sleep efficiency is still young.there is no specific number for efficiency thats been proven as linked to poor health. however, according to a new york times report about sleep quality,some experts estimate a rough ballpark (范围) of 85 percent or above as a decent place to be.3 shortwave length blue light,emitted (放出) by the sun and by the screens of computers, ipads and smartphones,stops production of the sleep-inducing hormone melatonin (褪黑素)and makes you feel more alert. blue light tells your brain its daytime. experts suggest turning off your computers and smartphones one hour or at least 30 minutes before bed.4 go to bed and wake up at the same time, or relatively the same time, every day. avoid binge sleeping (狂睡) on the weekend.consistency is key to a good nights sleep,especially when it comes to waking up. when youhave a consistent wake-up time,your brain acclimates to this and moves through the sleep cycle in preparation for you to feel rested and alert at your wake-up time.5 one of the biggest peaks in melatonin production happens during the 1 to 3 pm timeframe, which explains why most people feel sleepy in the afternoon.if you arent getting enough sleep at night, youre likely going to feel an overwhelming desire to sleep in the afternoon. when this happens,youre better off taking a short nap(less than 30 minutes) than resorting to caffeine or strong tea to keep you awake.a short nap will give you the rest you needto get through the rest of the afternoon, and youll sleep much better in the evening than if you drink caffeine or take a long afternoon nap.23. paragraph 2 a 24. paragraph 3 f 25. paragraph 4 d 26. paragraph 5 b a. define the sleep related termsb. take napsc. turn off the devices emitting blue lightd. keep a consistent sleep schedulee. improve sleep qualityf. avoid blue light at night27. the tiredness in the morning even aftermany hours in bed is due to d 28. sleeping less than 85% of the timespent lying in bed might cause c 29. a lower production of the hormone melatoninis due to f 30. a strong desire to sleep in theafternoon is the result of b a. a long afternoon napb. the peak production of melatoninc. poor healthd. low sleep efficiencye. good sleep efficiencyf. exposure to blue light第4部分：阅读理解（第3145题，每题3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇暂无第二篇 deforestation and desertification(沙漠化)the sahel zone lies between the sahara desert and the fertile savannahs(热带大草原）of northern nigeria and south sudan. the wordsahelcomes from arabic and means marginal or transitional ,and this is a good description of these semi-arid (半干旱）lands, which occupy much of the western african countries of mail, mauritania, niger, andchad.unfortunately, over the last century the sahara desert has steadily crept southwards eating into once productive sahel lands. united nations surveys show that over 70 percent of the dry land in agriculture use in africa has deteriorated over the last 30 years. droughts have become more severe, the most recent lasting over twenty years in parts of the sahel region. the same process of desertification is taking place across southern africa as the kalahari desert advances into botswana and parts of south africaone of the major causes of this desert advance is poor agricultural land use, driven by the pressures of increasing population. overgrazing 一 keeping too many farm animals on the land一 means that grasses and other plants cannot recover, and scarce water supplies are exhausted. overcultivation 一 trying to grow too many crops on poor land 一 results in the soil becoming even less fertile and drier, and beginning to break up. soil erosion (侵蚀) follows, and the land turns into desert.another cause of desertification is loss of tree cover. trees are cut down for use as fuel and to clear land for agricultural use. tree roots help to bind the soil together, to conserve moisture, and to provide a habitat for other plants and animals. when trees are cut down, the soil begins to dry and loosen, wind and rain erosion increase, other plant species die, and eventually the fertile topsoil may be almost entirely lost, leaving only bare rock and dust.the effects of loss of topsoil and increased drought are irreversible.they are, however, preventable. careful conservation of tree cover and sustainable agricultural land use have been shown to halt deterioration of soils and lessen the effects of shortage of rainfall. one project in kita insouth-west mali funded by undp has involved local communities in sustainable management of forest, while at the same time providing a viable(有活力的）agricultural economy. this may be a model for similar projects in other west african countries.36the sahel zone is an area which _.a.is covered with sad and grassb. has a long historyc. occupies much of south nigeriad. belongs to sudan37. what is the situation about the desertification in africa?a. the deserts are replaced with grasslandsb.the deserts are expandingc. the deserts are moving northwardsd. the deserts are being deserted38. the word “deteriorated ” in paragraph 2 means _.a. deepenedb. sufferedc. slippedd.worsened39. what is the root cause of desertification?a.poor farmingb. overpopulationc. radical climate changed. disappearance of rare plant species40. in order to prevent desertification, the author proposes _.a. making good use of international aidsb.developing a sustainable agricultural economyc. gaining international supportd. converting agricultural land into forest第三篇can added calcium help older bones?第5部分：补全短文（第4650题，每题2分，共10分）下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，请根据短文内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。saunaceremonial (仪式性的) bathing has existed for thousands of years and has many forms, one of which is the sauna. the finns have perfected the steam bath, or sauna, which may be taken, usually in an enclosed room, by pouring water over hot rocks or as a dry heat bath.the japanese, greeks, turks and russians as well as native americans have forms of the sweat bath in their bathing rituals.(46) dry heat and steam baths had advocates in ancient rome and pre-columbian americans used sweat lodges.the earliest saunas were probably underground caves heated by a fire that naturally filled with smoke as chimney making was unknown at that time. a fire kept in a fire-pit would heat the rockwalls of the cave. after reaching full heat, the smoke was let out of the cave and the stones would retain heat for several hours.a few people today say that the smoke sauna, “savusauna”, is the only true sauna experience and that all saunas should have at least a background odor or smoke.(47) today most saunas use electric stoves, although gas and wood-burning stoves are available.saunas are relaxing and stress relieving. those with muscle aches or arthritis (关节炎) may find that the heat relaxes muscles and relieves pain and inflammation (炎症). asthma (气喘) patients find that the heat enlarges air passageways of the lung and facilitates breathing. saunas do not cure the common cold but they may help to alleviate congestion (阻塞) arid speed recovery time.the bodys core temperature usually rises a 1-2 degrees while in the sauna, thus imitating a slight fever.(48)the sauna could be considered to follow the old saying “feed a cold, starvea fever”. the regular use of a sauna may decrease the likelihood of getting a cold in the first place.sauna is good for your skin as the bloodflow to the skin increases and sweating occurs. adults sweat about 2 lbs of water per hour on average in a sauna. a good sweat removes dirt and grime from pores and gives the skin a healthy glow. the loss in water weight is temporary as the bodys physiological mechanisms will quickly restore proper volumes.the cardio vascular system gets a work out as the heart must pump harder and faster to move blood to the surface for heat exchange.(49) heart rate may increase from 72 beats per minute on average to 100-150 beats per minute.a normal heart can handle these stresses but those with heart trouble wishing to begin to use a sauna should seek adoctors advice. the elderly and those with diabetes should check with their doctor prior to beginning to take saunas.pregnant women should not take saunas, particularly in the first three months.(50) indeed, everyone just starting out should take short sessions at first to become accustomed to this type of bath.第6部分：完形填空（第5165题，每题1分，共15分） 题目暂无下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。hypertension drugs found to cut risk of strokeaustralian doctors declared monday that a cocktail of simpleantihypertensive drugs can lower the risk of patients suffering a repeat strokeby more than a third. this is the result of their research. the research,presented at a medical conference in italy over the weekend, has been valuedhighly as a major breakthrough in stroke prevention.strokes kill 5 million people a year, and more than 15 millionsuffer non-fatal strokes that often leave them with useless limbs, slurredspeech and other serious disabilities. one in five stroke survivors goes on tohave a second, often fatal, stroke within five years of the first.an international six-year study of 6,100 patients directed fromsydney university found that by taking two blood pressure-lowering drugs, therisk of secondary strokes can be reduced by up to 40 per cent. even taking oneof the commonly available drugs can cut the risk by a third, the study said.the drugs are the diuretic indapamide and the ace inhibitor1 perindopril,better known by its brand name