100头牛场建设投资规划图肉牛场牛舍建设设计.doc

health.what are some of the problems caused by chemical fertilizers? first, they damage the land by killing the helpful bacteria and pests as well as the harmful ones. chemicals also stay in the ground and underground water for a lonog time. this affects crops and, therefore, animals and humans, since chemicals get inside the crops and cannot just be washed off. these chemicals in the food supply build up in peoples bodies over time. many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses. in addition, fruit, vegetables and other food grown with chemical fertilizers usually grow too fast to be full of much nutrition. they may look beautiful, but inside there is usually more water than vitamins and minerals.with these discoveries, some farmers and many customers are beginning to turn to organic farming. organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals. they focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease. a healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy. organic farmers, therefore, often prefer using natural waste from animals as fertilizer. they feel that this makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals and so more fertile. this also keeps the air, soil, water and crops free from chemicals.organic farmers also use many other methods to keep the soil fertile. they often change the knd of crop in each field every few years, for example, growing corn or wheat and then the next year peas or soybeans. crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil, making it ready for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil. organic farmers also plant crops to use different levels of soil, for example, planting peanuts that use the grounds surface followed by vegetables that put down deep roots. some organic farmers prefer planting grass between crops to prevent wind or water from carrying away the soil, and then leaving it in the ground to become a natural fertilizer for the next years crop. these many different organic farming methods have the same goal: to grow good food and avoid damaging the environment or peoples health.an early farmer pioneersome people thought jia sixie was a lucky man. he had worked for the emperor and when he got old, he was able to go his hometown to relax. jia sixie, however, had other plans. he had always been interested in agriculture and intended to do something to make chinese farming even better.jia sixie lived in the six century ad. he was born in yidu in shandong province and worked in gaoyang, which is also in shangdong. as he rode through the countryside on his journeys for his work he looked out at the fields. some of them were greener and had more crops than others. some cows and sheep looked healthier than others too. he was lost in though. what could a farmer do to get good crops from his fields? surely there must be rules that would help them. he thought he could use his knowledge to find out the best ways for farmers to grow crops and then write a book to help them. in doing so he collected information from farmers who did well, studied it and did experiments to find the best way.for example, he studied ways of keeping seeds and advised farmers to choose seed-heads which had the best color. then he told them to hang them to dry all winter. the next spring the seeds should be knocked out of their seed-heads and planted. he studied how to improve the soil. he advised farmers to clear weeds from the ground before planting crops. they could either let the animals eat the weeds or turn the soil over so that the weeds were covered and would rot. then he gave advice on turing over the soil. the first time each year, farmers should dig deeply, but the second time should be less deep. therefore the autumn ploughing of the soil should be deeper thant the spring ploughing. he suggested changing crops in the field every year: rive one year and wheat the next so that they would always get good harvests. they should also grow different plants next to each other in the field. he also gave adive on how to fish, keep a garden and even make wine.he wrote down his in a book called qi min yao shu, which was considered an important summary of the knowledge of farming. for centuries after jia sixie died, it was studied by chinese farmers and students of agriculture.unit 3a master of nonverbal humouras victor hugo once said, “laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face”, and up to now nobody has been able to do this better than charlie chaplin. he brightened the lives of americans and british through two world wars and the hard years in between. he made people laugh at a time when they felt depressed, so they could feel more content with their lives.not that charlies own life was easy! he was born in a poor family in 1889. his parents were both poor music hall performers. you may find it astonishing that charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk. such training was common in acting families at that time, especially when the family income was often uncertain. unfortunately his father died, leaving the family even worse off, so charlie spent his childhood looking after his sick mother and his brother. by his teens, charlie had, through his humour, become one of the most popular child actors in england. he could mime and act the fool doing ordinary everyday tasks. no one was ever bored watching him-his subtle acting made everything entertaining.as time went by, he began making films. he grew more and more popular as his charming character, the little tramp, became known throughout the world. the tramp, a poor, homeless man with a moustache, wore large trousers, worn-out shoes and a small round black hat. he walked around stiffly carrying a walking stick. this character was a social failure but was loved for his optimism and determination to overcome all difficulties. he was the underdog who was kind even when others were unkind to him.how did the little tramp make a sad situation entertaining? here is an example from one of his most famous films, the gold rush. it is the mid-nineteenth century and gold has just been discovered in california. like so many others, the little tramp and his friend have rushed there in search of gold, but without success. instead they are hiding in a small hut on the edge of a mountain during a snowstorm with nothing to eat. they are so hungry that they try boiling a pair of leather shoes for their dinner. charlie first picks out the laces and eats them as if they were spaghetti. then he cuts off the leather top of the shoes as if it were the finest steak. finally he tries cutting and chewing the bottom of the shoe. he eats each mouthful with great enjoyment. the acting is so convincing that it makes you believe that it is one of the best meals he has ever tasted!charlie chaplin wrote, directed and produced the films the starred in. in 1972 he was given a special oscar for his outstanding work in films. he lived in england and the usa but spend his last years in switzerland, where he was buried in 1977. he is loved and remembered as a great actor who could inspire people with great confidence.an april fools joke: the noodle harvestapril fools day, or april 1st, is known in many countries as a day for playing jokes on others. it is usually a time when children make fun of each other, but sometimes other people can get caught in the fun too.one of the most famous jokes in england took place on british television in 1957. it was a monday night when there were always many serious programmes on the television. one of them was called panorama, this show explored problems and progress all over the world, so nobody was surprised when it began with a report on the excellent noodle harvest in the south switzerland. the programme mentioned two reasons for the good crop: an unusually warm winter and the disappearance of the insect that attacked the noodle crop every year. the reporter showed many noodle trees with the farmers pulling noodles off them and putting them into baskets. the people watching were told that they may not have heard of noodles from this part of the world because noodles were grown as part of small family businesses.the programme makers makers realized that people might wonder why noodles were always the same size so that they explained that “it was the result of many years patient research with the tree to produce noodles of exactly the same length.” but even so they explained, the life of a noodle farmer was not easy. “the last two weeks of march are an anxious time for noodle farmers. there is always a chance of very cold weather spoiling their crop. then100头牛场建设投资规划图肉牛场牛舍建设设计 一：养牛场建设1：每栋牛舍长60米、宽10米、中间过道1.5米，双面牛槽，槽宽60厘米、高75厘米、槽深25厘米，每头牛间隔1.2米，地面斜坡15度，要求通风要好。2：这么一栋牛舍600平方米可以饲养100头肉牛。根据07年最新物价，建设一栋简易牛棚需投资三万元。二：料棚建设用地（每100头牛）1：需长30米、宽8米、高4.5米。共计240平方米的草料鹏，要求通风要好。2：需求资金约一万元左右三：量粪池1：每百头牛需11.5亩2：牛粪可以用来做沼气，种植蘑菇等菌类。四：进牛成本1：短期育肥：如进400500斤肉牛，饲养45个月。每头牛需成本25003000元牛款。（肉牛）2：长期催肥：如进250350斤小肉牛，饲养67个月。每头牛需成本14002000元肉牛款。（肉牛）五：饲料分析1：粗饲料 每头牛每天需干草610斤，如果鲜草1220斤，小牛均减。2：精料 肉牛斤料，也就是说500斤的牛每天两次共计5斤精料。800斤的牛每天两次共计8斤精料。3：精料的配比 60%玉米面，25%麸皮，15%棉豆簸或菜籽饼，5%豆簸。每斤精料预计0.8元左右。4：每30头肉牛每天使用食盐1斤，如使用酒糟需加少量苏打粉、酵母粉。六：人工、水电每百头小肉牛2名饲养员，1名管理员月工资每人在600元左右。水电因地适宜。七：市场行情分析1：目前肉牛成牛1000斤以上的活牛毛重价格在7.0元/斤左右。根据市场行情,专家分析35年内将会稳步上涨不会下滑。1：每百头肉牛短期育肥需牛款投资25万30万元2：每百头肉牛长期育肥需牛款投资14万20万元综上所述，100头肉牛如短期育肥需求牛款成本在2530万元，需求草料、人工、水电费在10万元左右。总计3540万元。生长局势达到10001150斤，按6.5元/斤计算，总计在65万元以上。也就是说纯利润在25万元以上。肉牛养殖场技术人员可驻贵地进行免费技术指导 让我们携手并肩在养殖肉牛的道路上共同前进！基本结构:1地基与墙体 基深8-100厘米，砖墙厚24厘米，双坡式牛舍脊高40-50米，前后檐高l0-35米。牛舍内墙的下部没墙围，防止水气渗入墙体，提高墙的坚固性、保温性。2门窗 门高21-22米，宽2-25米。门一般设成双开门，也可设上下翻卷门。封闭式的窗应大一些，高15米，宽15米，窗台高距地面12米为宜。3场地面积 肉牛生产，牛场管理，职工生活及其他附属建筑等需要一定场地、空间。牛场大小可根据每头牛所需面积、结合长远规划计算出来。牛舍及其他房舍的面积为场地总面积的15一20。由于牛体大小、生产目的、饲养方式等不同，每头牛占用的牛舍面积也不一样。肥育牛每头所需面积为16-46平方米通栏肥育牛舍有垫草的每头牛占23-46平方米，有隔栏的每头牛占16-2o平方米。4屋顶 最常用的是双坡式屋顶。这种形式的屋顶可适用于较大跨度的牛舍，可用于各种规模的各类牛群。这种屋顶既经济，保温性又好，而且容易施工修建。5牛床和饲槽 肉牛场多为群饲通槽喂养。牛床一般要求是长16-18米，宽10-12米。牛床坡度为15，养牛槽端位置高。饲槽设在牛床前面，以固定式水泥槽最适用，其上宽06一o8米，底宽035-040米，呈弧形，楕内缘高035米(靠牛床一侧)，外缘高06-08米(靠走道一侧)。为操作简便，节约劳力，应建高通道，低槽位的道槽合一式为好。即槽外缘和通道在一个水平面上。6通道和粪尿沟 对头式饲养的双列牛舍，中间通道宽14-18米。通宽度应以送料车能通过为原米，深015一o3米，倾斜度1：50-1：100。health.what are some of the problems caused by chemical fertilizers? first, they damage the land by killing the helpful bacteria and pests as well as the harmful ones. chemicals also stay in the ground and underground water for a lonog time. this affects crops and, therefore, animals and humans, since chemicals get inside the crops and cannot just be washed off. these chemicals in the food supply build up in peoples bodies over time. many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses. in addition, fruit, vegetables and other food grown with chemical fertilizers usually grow too fast to be full of much nutrition. they may look beautiful, but inside there is usually more water than vitamins and minerals.with these discoveries, some farmers and many customers are beginning to turn to organic farming. organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals. they focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease. a healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy. organic farmers, therefore, often prefer using natural waste from animals as fertilizer. they feel that this makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals and so more fertile. this also keeps the air, soil, water and crops free from chemicals.organic farmers also use many other methods to keep the soil fertile. they often change the knd of crop in each field every few years, for example, growing corn or wheat and then the next year peas or soybeans. crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil, making it ready for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil. organic farmers also plant crops to use different levels of soil, for example, planting peanuts that use the grounds surface followed by vegetables that put down deep roots. some organic farmers prefer planting grass between crops to prevent wind or water from carrying away the soil, and then leaving it in the ground to become a natural fertilizer for the next years crop. these many different organic farming methods have the same goal: to grow good food and avoid damaging the environment or peoples health.an early farmer pioneersome people thought jia sixie was a lucky man. he had worked for the emperor and when he got old, he was able to go his hometown to relax. jia sixie, however, had other plans. he had always been interested in agriculture and intended to do something to make chinese farming even better.jia sixie lived in the six century ad. he was born in yidu in shandong province and worked in gaoyang, which is also in shangdong. as he rode through the countryside on his journeys for his work he looked out at the fields. some of them were greener and had more crops than others. some cows and sheep looked healthier than others too. he was lost in though. what could a farmer do to get good crops from his fields? surely there must be rules that would help them. he thought he could use his knowledge to find out the best ways for farmers to grow crops and then write a book to help them. in doing so he collected information from farmers who did well, studied it and did experiments to find the best way.for example, he studied ways of keeping seeds and advised farmers to choose seed-heads which had the best color. then he told them to hang them to dry all winter. the next spring the seeds should be knocked out of their seed-heads and planted. he studied how to improve the soil. he advised farmers to clear weeds from the ground before planting crops. they could either let the animals eat the weeds or turn the soil over so that the weeds were covered and would rot. then he gave advice on turing over the soil. the first time each year, farmers should dig deeply, but the second time should be less deep. therefore the autumn ploughing of the soil should be deeper thant the spring ploughing. he suggested changing crops in the field every year: rive one year and wheat the next so that they would always get good harvests. they should also grow different plants next to each other in the field. he also gave adive on how to fish, keep a garden and even make wine.he wrote down his in a book called qi min yao shu, which was considered an important summary of the knowledge of farming. for centuries after jia sixie died, it was studied by chinese farmers and students of agriculture.unit 3a master of nonverbal humouras victor hugo once said, “laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face”, and up to now nobody has been able to do this better than charlie chaplin. he brightened the lives of americans and british through two world wars and the hard years in between. he made people laugh at a time when they felt depressed, so they could feel more content with their lives.not that charlies own life was easy! he was born in a poor family in 1889. his parents were both poor music hall performers. you may find it astonishing that charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk. such training was common in acting families at that time, especially when the family income was often uncertain. unfortunately his father died, leaving the family even worse off, so charlie spent his childhood looking after his sick mother and his brother. by his teens, charlie had, through his humour, become one of the most popular child actors in england. he could mime and act the fool doing ordinary everyday tasks. no one was ever bored watching him-his subtle acting made everything entertaining.as time went by, he began making films. he grew more and more popular as his charming character, the little tramp, became known throughout the world. the tramp, a poor, homeless man with a moustache, wore large trousers, worn-out shoes and a small round black hat. he walked around stiffly carrying a walking stick. this character was a social failure but was loved for his optimism and determination to overcome all difficulties. he was the underdog who was kind even when others were unkind to him.how did the little tramp make a sad situation entertaining? here is an example from one of his most famous films, the gold rush. it is the mid-nineteenth century and gold has just been discovered in california. like so many others, the little tramp and his friend have rushed there in search of gold, but without success. instead they are hiding in a small hut on the edge of a mountain during a snowstorm with nothing to eat. they are so hungry that they try boiling a pair of leather shoes for their dinner. charlie first picks out the laces and eats them as if they were spaghetti. then he cuts off the leather top of the shoes as if it were the finest steak. finally he tries cutting and chewing the bottom of the shoe. he eats each mouthful with great enjoyment. the acting is so convincing that it makes you believe