xxx水库节水灌溉示范项目可行性研究报告.doc

all of them were killed,some were taken to britain to improve the environment of the beautiful park which belonged to the duke of bedford.he liked them so much that he took them all the way from china to britain.the milu deer liked the cool,wet weather in england and their number increased year by year.as a result,when in 1985 the government of china wanted to reintroduce the milu deer,the duke of bedford was happy to help.the first deer came back to china to the nanhaizi milu park 20 kilometers south of beijing and the centre in dafeng,jingsu province. the deer centainly seem happy to be back in china because their numbers have grown rapidly.there are now so many of them that a new park has been opened for them in hebei province.at the moment the milu deer live in centres where they are being well protected and care for .it is hoped that one day there will be enough animals to let them live in the wild again.so britain helped china by bringing back an animal that had disappeared from its homeland.this is a good example of friendship and understanding between these two countries.unit 5the band that wasnthave you ever wanted to be part of a band as a famous singer or musicians? have you ever dreamed of playing in front of thousands of people at a concert, at which everyone is clapping and appreciating your music? do you sing karaoke and pretend you are a famous singer like song zuying or liu huan? to be honest, a lot of people attach great importance to becoming rich and famous. but just now do people form a band?many musicians meet and form a band because they like to write and play their own music.they may start as a group of high-school students, for whom practising their music in someones house is the first step to fame. sometimes they may play to passers-by in the street or subway so that they can earn some extra money for themselves or to pay for their instruments. later they may give performances in pubs or clubs, for which they are paid in cash. of course they hope to make records in a studio and sell millions of copies to become millionaires!however, there was one band that started in a different way. it was called the monkees and began as a tv show. the musicians were to play jokes on each other as well as play music, most of which was based loosely on the beatles. the tv organizer had planned to find four musicians who could act as well as sing. they put an advertisement in a newspaper looking for rock musicians, but they could only find one who was good enough. they had to use actors for the other three members of theband.as some of these actors could not sing well enough, they had to rely on other musicians to help them. so during the broadcasts they just pretended to sing. anyhow their performances were humorous enough to be copied by other groups. they were so popular that their fans formed clubs in order to get more familiar with them. each week on tv, the monkees would play and sing songs written by other musicians. however, after a year or so in which they became more serious about their work, the monkees started to play and sing their own songs like a real band. then they produced their own records and started touring and playing their own music. in the usa they became even more popular than the beatles and sold even more records. the band broke up about 1970, but happily they reunited in the mid-1980s. they produced a new record in 1996, with which they celebrated their former time as a real band.freddy the frog（）not long after freddy and the band became famous, they visited britain on a brief tour. fans showed their devotion by waiting for hours to get tickets for their concerts . freddy was now quite confident when he went into a concert hall. he enjoyed singing and all the congratulations afterwards! his most exciting invitation was to perform on a tv programme called “ top of pops “. he had to go to london, wear an expensive suit and give a performance to a tv camera. it felt very strange. but as soon as the programme was over, the telephones which were in the same room started ringing. everybody was asking when they could see freddy and his band again. they were truly stars.then things went wrong. freddy and his band could not go out anywhere without being followed. even when they wore sunglasses or beards people recognized them. fans found them even when they went into toilet. they tried to hide in the reading rooms of libraries, but it was useless. someone was always there! their personal life was regularly discussed by people who did not know them but talked as if they close friends. at last feeling very upset and sensitive, freddy and his band realized that they must leave the country before it became too painful for them. so they left britain, to which they were never to return, and went back to the lake.必修三unit 1festivals and celebrationsfestivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere since ancient times. most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather,planting in spring and harvest in autumn. sometimes celebrations would be held after hunters had caught animals. at that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months. todays festivals have many origins, some religious, some seasonal, and some for special people or events. festivals of the dead some festivals are held to honour the dead or satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm. for the japanese festival obon, people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors. they also light lamps and play music because they think that this will lead the ancestors back to earth. in mexico, people celebrate the day of the dead in early novemver. on this important feast day, people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with “bones” on them. they offer food, flowers and gifts to the dead. the western holiday halloween also had its origin in old beliefs about the return of the spirits of dead people. it is now a childrens festival, when they can dress up an go to their neighbours homes to ask for sweets. if the neighbours do not give any sweers, the children might play a trick on them.fetivals to honour peoplefestivals can also be held to honour famous people. the dragon boat festival in china honours the famous ancient poet, qu yuan. in the usa, columbus day is in memory of the arrival of christopher columbus in the new world. india has a national festival on october 2 to honour mohandas gandhi, the leader who helped gain indias independece from britain.harvest festivalsharvest and thanksgiving festival can be very happy events. people are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter and the agricultural work is over. in european countries, people will usually decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit, and will get together to have meals. some people might win awards for their farm produce, like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster. china and japan have mid-autumn festivals, when people admire the moon and in china, enjoy mooncakes.spring festivalsthe most energetic and important festivals are te ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring. at the spring festival in china, people eat dumpings ifsh and meat and may give children lucky money in red paper. there are dragon dances and carnivals , and families celebrate the lunar new year together. some western countries have very exciting carnicals, which take place forty days before easter, usually in february. these carnivals might include parades, dancing in the streets day and night, loud music and colourful clothing of all kinds. easter is an important religious and social festival for chiristians around the world. it celebrates the return of jesus from the dead and the coming of spring and new life. japans cherry blossom festical happens a little later. the country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow.people love to get together to eat, drink and have fun with each other. festivals let us enjoy life, be proud of our customs and forget ou work for a little while.a sad love storyli fang was heart-broken. it was valetines day and hu jin had said she would meet him at the coffee shop after work. but she didnt turn up. she could be with her friends right now laughing at him. she said she would be there at seven o clock, and he thought she would keep her word. he had looked forward to meeting her all day, and now he was alon with his roses and chocolates, like a fool. well, he ws not going to hold his breath for her to apologize. he would1、 综合说明1.1 项目背景xxx位于大巴山南麓，xxx盆地北缘，嘉陵江干流上游。东连xxx、xxx；南邻阆中；西抵xxx；北接xxx、xxx。xxx幅员面积2030平方公里，辖31个乡（镇），711个村，4924个组，87个居委会，全县总人口77.8万人，其中农业人口66.84万人，耕地面积51.75万亩，其中田32.47万亩，地19.28万亩，农村人均纯收入2744元。水资源不足已成为xxx经济发展的制约因素之一。党中央、国务院高度重视农业节水工作，党的十五届三中全会通过的中共中央关于农业和农村工作若干重大问题的决定明确指出：“大力发展节水农业，把推广节水灌溉作为一项革命性措施来抓。”因此，为大力发展节水灌溉，合理利用水资源，改善农业生产条件，引导和推动我国节水灌溉事业的健康发展，国家决定从中央财政预算内专项资金中安排部分引导资金，专项用于节水灌溉增效示范建设项目建设。xxxxxx水库北支渠所在灌区是全县重要的粮食生产基地，由于水利设施年久失修，水资源供需矛盾突出，每遇旱情，农业减产损失巨大，严重影响了该地区新农村建设的步伐。节水示范项目对该地区缓解灌区水资源供需矛盾，促进传统农业向节水型高产、优质、高效农业的转变有巨大示范作用。因地制宜地选择节水灌溉模式，实现区域性水资源可持续利用和农业可持续发展将为我省提供科学合理的建设技术和管理经验。农业是国民经济的基础产业，是整个xxx的重要经济支柱。农业能否持续稳定地发展，事关xxx经济建设的全局。因此，节水灌溉作为一种高效用水模式，得到了项目区群众的支持和县领导的高度重视。1.2 节水灌溉示范项目编制的依据和过程1.2.1编制依据1、节水灌溉增效示范项目建设管理办法（国家发改委、水利部）；2、节水灌溉工程技术规范（gb/t50363-2006）；3、灌溉与排水工程设计规范（gb50288-99）；4、渠道防渗工程技术规范（sl18-91）；5、节水灌溉工作手册；6、水利部水利工程设计概（估）算编制规定（2002版）7、水利部水利工程概算定额8、xxx农业区划报告、土地利用总体规划、水利电力志等报告及文件；9、xxx气象资料。1.2.2编制过程本报告由xxx水利电力勘测设计队（水利丙级）具体编制。根据群众自愿、效益明显、管理得力的基本原则，选择了xxx水库北支渠所控灌部分作为本次项目区。该项目区水资源供需矛盾突出，发展节水灌溉效益显著，且农业生产条件具有一定代表性、农业产业化发展前景较好、土地相对集中，能发挥较好的示范效益。示范项目区确定后，设计人员从节水灌溉规划设计、农业种植结构调整、后期管理等方面对基础资料进行了充分的分析研究，深入示范区现场研究勘测，形成该报告。1.3 项目范围、规模、内容与工程量1.3.1 项目范围按照确定节水灌溉项目区的原则和建设任务要求，选择xxxxxx北支渠所在灌区作为示范项目区，此项目区水资源供需矛盾突出，能充分发挥水资源的灌溉效益，当地政府和群众都有搞好节水灌溉的积极性。受益区域在xxx鸳溪镇古楼村、浩口村、新庙村，包括6个社 359 户，农业人口 1258人，牲畜2768头，耕地面积2370亩，人均耕地1.88亩。该项目区属于小（一）型xxx水库灌区，条件优越，符合试点项目选点要求。1.3.2 项目建设规模示范区建成后可使该项目区359户农民直接受益，实现节水灌溉面积 2370亩，受益面占该项目区总耕地面积的90%。1.3.3 项目建设内容1、重点整治、改建、维修、衬砌防渗北支渠总长4.5km和其下2条斗渠长1.5km，并对渠系建筑物52处，进行整治、配套。2、在田间上实施先进节水、输水、灌水技术，改造田间工程。3、实现项目区计量用水。1.3.4 项目建设工程量 渠道主要工程量统计表编号长度(米）c20砼现浇(m3)m7.5浆砌卵石(m3)m10水泥砂浆抹面(m2)开挖土方(m3)开挖石方(m3)土石方回填 (m3)龙头寺支渠30003417 15938 1230 6220 斗渠20008572 39600 10988 2198 农渠2100159.001188 202 55 合计15911990 56726 12420 8473 1.4 投资估算、资金筹措1.4.1 项目投资估算该项目开挖土石方12420 m3，填土方8473 m3, m7.5浆砌卵石11990 m3，砌砖159 m3。 本项目投资151.78万元，其中土建142.30万元，其他费用9.57万元。1.4.2 项目资金筹措及实施意见xxx节水灌溉示范项目，按照节水灌溉增效示范项目建设管理办法(2007年新修订) 第十四条规定“示范项目建设资金由中央和地方多渠道筹集，中央与地方配套的比例为：东部地区1：2,中部地区1：1，西部地区1：0.5”的要求，本项目总投资168.79万元，资金筹措方案时申请国家财政专项资金投入100万元，其余68.79万元由地方投劳折资和自筹资金解决。其中，申请国家财政专项资金补助的100万元，全部用于大宗材料设备的购置等费用。此方案能确保资金及时足额到位，是高标准、高质量完成示范区建设的根本保证。1.5 经济评价、环境影响评价及整个项目综合评价的结论1.5.1 项目经济评价的结论 通过国民经济评价计算，四项评价指标都能满足相关规范要求，该项目经济内部收益率13.6%大于社会折现率12%，表明该项目对国民经济的净贡献达到或超过了要求水平。经济净现值367.53万元，经济效益费用比1.546大于1.0，静态投资回收期为5.9年也能满足规定要求。1.5.2 项目环境影响评价的结论节水灌溉示范项目建设本身对环境就是有一种美化作用，改善了项目区的生态环境。山、水、田、林、路统一规划，田园化建设，使整个工程成了自然环境的装饰物，美化了自然景观，同时对水土保持也是具有十分积极的意义。通过节水灌溉项目的实施,当地群众对水的需求日趋合理，灌溉用水量的减少，可以减少灌区农田淤积，增加土壤的透气性，有利于作物的生长。通过节水灌溉项目的实施，节约的一部分水量还可以用于生态用水，对进一步改善生态环境起着积极的作用。1.5.3 项目综合评价的结论本节水灌溉示范区项目，重点采用渠道防渗处理技术，同时配以先进的农艺措施，经财务分析和技术经济可行性研究，技术上可行，生态效益、社会效益、经济效益显著，在我县的农业节水示范作用明显。因此，该项目是合理可行的，建议立项支持。1.6 项目的组织领导和管理机制1.6.1 组织领导为了xxx节水灌溉示范项目工作的顺利开展，建议县政府成立“xxx节水灌溉示范项目领导小组”。分管副县长任组长，水利局、发改委、财政局、农牧局、林业局、环保局和项目区乡（镇）政府负责人为成员，主要负责该农业节水灌溉示范工作的组织协调和实施。建议县政府将节水灌溉工程项目建设与项目区所在的乡（镇）政府签订目标责任书，列入干部工作业绩的年终考核。1.6.2 管理机制本示范项目的节水灌溉工程设计、施工、安装和运行管理严格按照国家有关的技术标准和规范执行，节水灌溉材料设备选购积极推行政府采购的方式，做到质优价廉。本示范项目按照相关要求推行工程建设项目法人责任制、招标投标制、工程建设监理制，切实加强质量管理，建立健全行之有效的质量监管机制。项目区正在积极推行农民用水户协会参入式管理模式，项目的实施将大力促进农民用水户协会参入灌区管理。在未成立农民用水户协会前，项目实施实行分级管理制度，xxxxxx水库管理站负责支渠建设管理，乡镇村社负责斗渠、农渠的建设管理。成立农民用水户协会后，支、斗渠均交由农民用水户协会管理。2、项目区基本情况2.1 自然概况2.1.1 地理位置及范围xxx位于xxx盆地北缘，嘉陵江干流上游。东连xxx、xxx；南邻阆中；西抵xxx；北接xxx、xxx。地理座标：东经1054310628，北纬31373210，幅员面积2330平方公里。项目区位于xxx鸳溪镇境内，涉及3个行政村，6个社。项目区距xxx水库12公里，距xxx城42公里，地理条件优越。本次项目区属于xxx水库灌区内的北支渠灌区，灌区内水利工程极少，由于历史的原因，工程建设标准低，渠道年久失修，老损严重，渠道老损率达60%以上，北支渠渠道老损率达80，不能适应发展要求，迫切需要进行整治改造。2.1.2 地形地貌xxx地质构造单元属东部地台区川北台陷单元,纬向构造体系中的区域性东西构造带。境内主要是莲花状构造。出露地层为中生代侏罗纪和白垩纪及新生代第四纪三种地层，以白垩纪下统白龙组为主。这种地层为一套陆相红层，土壤中铜、锌、钼等微量元素含量较低，水土流失严重，易滑坡。 县境内地形地貌较复杂，属低山为主的低中山深丘窄谷长梁地貌。地势从西北向东南逐渐降低，北部属低中山区，山岭重迭，沟谷交错，海拔一般600-800米，九龙山海拔1377.50米，为我县最高峰，还有五风、龙亭、大龙岗山、光山子、马鞍山等，都在海拔1100米以上。南部属低山丘陵区，河谷开阔，阶地发育。最低为八庙涧溪口，海拔为352米。南北相对高差1000米以上。山区面积占全县总面积的90；平坝很少，主要分布在嘉陵江和东河沿岸的河谷一、二级阶地。本次选定北支渠示范项目区属于低山、浅丘区，相对地形高差较小，最大高差为275米。2.1.3 气 候 项目区所在xxx属于亚热带湿润气候区。县境内海拨差异较大，地区间气候变化大，年平均气温相差在1.0度以内。其特点是：气候温和，雨量充沛，四季分明，夏季长，酷热，多夏旱连伏旱，每年有不同程度的洪涝；冬无严寒少霜雪；春季气温回升早，但多寒潮低温；秋多绵雨降温快。 据气象部门资料显示：苍溪多年平均气温在16-17之间，月平均最高气温在八月，为32。境内气候受地形北高南低的影响，垂直差异明显，多年平均气温由北向南逐渐升高，在13-17.3之间。无霜期从南向北逐渐递减，在255-288天之间，年总日照数多年平均为1560.5小时。年平均总降雨量1088毫米,雨量由北向南递减。北部山区多年平均降雨量1200毫米以上，南部深丘区一般仅950-1100毫米。在时段分布上，冬季占全年的3-4；春季占全年的18-22；夏季占全年的42-48；秋季占全年的28-36。最大降雨出现在6-9月，占全年降雨量的65-70，元月份雨量最少，占全年降雨量的0.9；七月份最大，占全年降雨量的18.5-25.2。xxx境内主要灾害：一是干旱，以夏旱最多，伏旱次之，冬干春旱较少。据32年统计资料显示，夏旱机率最高，为78，其中大旱占16；伏旱机率为59，一年中出现两段伏旱的机率为17；二是洪涝 ，三十五年间共出现洪涝灾害21年28次，机率为60，其中大涝4年，机率为11.4，一年中出现2次的有3年，机率为8.6。2.1.4 土壤种类与种植结构xxx幅员面积2330平方公里，县境内土壤依据出露地层不同，形成五种成土母质，经发育形成全县4个土类，6个亚类，10个土属，45个土种，51个变种。其中水稻土类（紫色土、灰棕潮土、紫色潮土、黄壤土）经自然变化和人工熟化形成不同土体构成的水稻土面积最大，占农耕地66.1，全县各地均有分布，集中在坝沟两旁及坡腰平台，山顶亦有分布。坡腰平台和沟旁多为夹沙土，夹沙黄泥土、黄沙泥土，平坝多为黄泥土；正沟多为冷浸烂泥土。紫色土类分布全县，占农耕地32.8，占旱地的96.77。在垂直分布上，山丘顶及陡坡处为瘦沙石骨子土或沙土，方山顶及平坦部位和低洼处多为黄泥土，山腰多为夹沙土、夹沙黄泥土；山丘脚多为大泥土、夹沙泥土。示范区内相对地形高差较小，灌区分区种植代表作物为水稻、小麦、油菜、红苕等，间种果树、蔬菜等作物。示范区耕地复种指数为195，经营方式为农户自主经营模式，新农村建设实施后，集中经营方式正被接纳。2.1.5 水资源及水利工程现状xxx境内河流属嘉陵江水系，主要有嘉陵江及其支流东河，其余为较大支流及天然溪沟，共190余条，县境水资源总量为10.51亿立方米。其中：嘉陵江干流1.93亿立方米，东河3.03亿立方米，白溪浩0.34亿立方米，插江2.30亿立方米，构溪河0.87亿立方米，金鱼河0.41亿立方米，毛溪河1.62亿立方米。全县人均拥有水资源量1351立方米，亩均拥有水资源量2031立方米。县境地下水主要形成为第四系松散堆积层孔隙潜水和基岩裂隙潜水两种类型。松散堆积层孔隙水分布于河坝、田坝及台地区。各地藏量深浅不一，水量丰富，水质良好，属重碳酸钠型，矿化度0.130.5毫克升，均受河水、渠水、降水影响。基岩裂隙水主要分布在东溪、三川片岩层区，其它岩层均为弱含水层，且埋藏深，土壤缺水易旱。建国前，县内水利工程数量较少，仅有2820口山平塘，山溪土堰余220条，年引、蓄水量2320万立方米，总耕地面积35.03万亩，其中田16.02万亩就有冬水田10.03万亩，粮食亩产210公斤左右。建国后先后建成各类水利工程9207处，其中中型水库3座，小（一）型水库18座，小（二）型水库137座，山坪塘8569处，石河堰189处，引水渠48处，电力提灌站243处。总蓄引提水能力18900万立方米，设计灌溉面积35.63万亩，实际灌溉面积17.49万亩，分别占总耕地面积的68.85和33.8。 示范项目区水源以降雨以及北支渠渠道供水为主，缺水季节主要靠北支渠渠道供水。另外，还有6处山平塘，蓄水量1.8万方，1处提灌站，提水能力6万方。经分析结论，通过本次对示范区的节水改造，可使得供水紧张得到有效缓解，基本解决灌区用水矛盾。2.2 社会经济情况项目区属于xxx水库灌区北支渠灌溉范围。xxx水库始建于1966年，是以灌溉为主的水利工程。控灌xxx三个乡镇14个村60个农业社，灌区总人口1.528万人，设计灌面1.06万亩，目前灌溉面积0.62万亩。示范项目区所在的3个村社会经济情况如下表所示：示范项目区社会经济调查表社 数 (个)人 口(人)户(个)牲 蓄(头)耕 地 情 况（亩）冬水田二季田旱地6125835927681611501204示范项目区作物情况调查表种 植 情 况（亩）水 稻小 麦油 菜豌胡豆玉 米红 苕蔬 菜果 园11661065129495210350360247示范项目区渠道工程基本情况调查表 单位：km渠 道支 渠斗 渠农 渠现有长度8已防渗长度1xxx辖39个乡（镇）。全县总人口77余万人，农村人均纯收入2744元。xxx是一个农业大县，建国前，由于水利设施薄弱，农业基本处于靠天吃饭局面。1949年全县粮食作物面积25.03万亩，总产4238万公斤，亩产169公斤。建国后，我县通过大兴水利、土壤改良，加强农作物田间管理等一系列措施，农业高速发展，2007年，全县粮食作物面积94.34万亩，粮食总产39万吨，亩产413公斤。粮食作物有水稻、小麦、玉米、薯及豆类。经济作物有油菜籽、花生果、柑橘、雪梨、猕猴桃、药材等。2007年油菜籽总产41841吨，亩产232公斤。园林以柑桔、桑林为主。全县畜牧业主要有生猪、山羊、 牛及小家禽，2007年出栏生猪127.54万头，水产养殖面积3168公顷，产成鱼12000吨，农业总产值74162万元（90年不变价）。今后农业的发展方向，仍将以农民增产、增收为目的，大力兴修完善水利基础设施，引进名优特新品种，发挥地区资源优势，发展立体农业，使我县农业继续高速发展。示范项目区内以农业生产为主，种植、养殖作为副业，因受供水不足的影响，其区内农民收入低于全县农民收入平均水平，供水不足严重制约了区内经济的发展。3、项目建设的必要性和可行性3.1 项目建设的必要性3.1.1项目区现状主要问题项目区所在xxx水库渠道工程修建于1973年，由于历史的原因，渠道工程建设标准低，年久失修，老损严重，渠道老损率达60%以上，示范项目区渠道老损率达80%，不能适应灌区发展要求，迫切需要进行整治改造。（一）渠道工程1、渠道垮塌严重渠道垮塌，沿渠两岸农田面积逐年减少，沿渠交通道路不畅通。1973年兴建至今，滑坡垮塌十分严重，造成多路段垮塌，平均垮塌宽0.4m以上，最严重的地段垮塌范围12m，造成无法通水。2、土渠糙率大，渗漏严重示范项目区土渠糙率大，渗漏严重，虽在管理处和灌区群众的积极努力下，逐年加大水利投入，进行了部份防渗衬砌，但受条件限制，防渗衬砌长度极少，已衬砌的渠段，近半己破损，因此渠道漏水严重，渠系水利用系数为0.45，水资源浪费大。由于渠道的渗漏，造成了尾部灌区用水困难，制约着灌区经济的发展。3、渠堤高度不够，排洪能力差由于示范项目区渠道大部分未衬砌，防冲能力弱，渠道冲刷、渠堤垮塌均十分严重。渠道形态变化剧烈，底蚀也很严重，有的部位切深达0.30.5m。常发生洪水漫堤冲毁两岸农田和渠堤垮塌中断灌区供水事故。4、部分渠道过水断面不足灌区多数渠道在兴建施工时就未达到设计断面，由于渠道垮塌、滑坡严重，使渠道过水能力不足，使尾部灌区用水异常艰难，灌区水量供需矛盾突出。（二）渠系建筑物1、渠道工程无泄洪闸，调控能力低渠道上无泄洪闸，一遇暴雨洪水冲刷严重，部分渠段已遭彻底破坏。2、山溪渡槽、涵洞损坏严重项目区原渠道建设时，只有少数山溪渡槽及涵洞采用浆砌石衬砌，这些建筑物设计标准低，年久失修人为破坏严重，常造成渠堤垮塌、漫堤等事件，给渠道输水带来安全隐患。3、人行桥少，耕种不便，放水洞设置不合理。3.1.2 项目建设的必要性1、加速灌区扶贫开发，全面建设小康社会的需要党的十六大提出了全面建设小康社会的奋斗目标，强调“建设现代农业，发展农村经济，增加农民投入，是全面建设小康社会的重大任务”。水是农村经济的命脉，全面建设农村小康社会，水的问题必须首先得到彻底解决。项目区所在的xxx水库灌区是xxx的粮食主产地之一，灌区节水示范工程的实施，对进一步提高和改善灌区农业生产条件，大力发展节水现代农业，加大灌区扶贫开发力度，引进新品种，促进农业结构调整，增加农民收入，推动地方经济发展，推进灌区全面建设小康社会步伐，将起到至关重要的带动和示范作用。2、节水改造的需要灌区内村民的部分生产用水和乡镇企业用水均靠xxx水库供给，水库水源的水质符合iii类水质标准，是灌区内各乡镇村民及乡镇企业用水的主要水源，目前，由于渠道渗漏垮塌严重，输配水困难，水量损失大。通过对灌区内节水工程的续建和病害整治后，能为乡镇村民生产用水提供保障。节水灌溉后，能对农作物有比较高的灌溉保证率，实现作物增收。据测算，改善灌面2370亩，每年可增加经济效益28.87万元。3、确保灌区社会稳定的需要水库渠道自1973年兴建以来，由于渠道大部分未衬砌，防冲能力弱，渠道冲刷、渠堤垮塌十分严重，沿渠群众意见很大，通过病害整治后，对沿渠群众是极大的安慰，对灌区构件和谐社会将起到积极的作用。4、加强水利基础设施建设，实现水资源可持续发展的需要xxx灌区水资源利用率低，水利基础设施十分薄弱，其特点是以季节性缺水、工程性缺水为主。主要表现在：一是渠道工程设计标准低;二是病险工程多，配套设施差；三是洪旱灾害多发，水土流失严重。特别是已成水利工程渠道滑坡、垮塌、渗漏严重，渠系水利用系数仅0.45，水利问题成了灌区经济健康发展和社会全面进步最大的“拦路虎”。5、能起到较好的示范作用示范项目区距xxx城42公里，临近“212”线，交通较为方便。区内今年供水不足，示范项目建成后，能满足区内供水要求，有效实现农作物升级，提升区内经济建设。因此，加强灌区水利基础设施建设，提高用水效率，稳定粮食生产，增加农民收入，建立节水型农业，以及水资源的可持续利用，保障经济社会可持续发展，是非常必要的。3.2项目建设的可行性（1） 自然地理条件适宜是项目区内发展节水灌溉工程的优越条件项目区内的气候温暖湿润，阳光充足，降雨、蒸发适度，耕地集中成片，土壤结构适宜。交通方便，从县城有公路直达项目区，施工设备及各类建材可通过乡村级公路直达工地，施工技术条件优越。这些为节水灌溉示范项目的实施提供了优越的条件。另外，从水资源保障上讲，由于有xxx水库右干渠来水，能保证项目区田间引水有较好的条件。（2） 项目区干群迫切要求节水灌溉，筹资筹劳积极性高由于项目区十年九旱，小型水利工程少，粮食亩产量上不去，干旱年严重减产，农民吃尽了干旱的苦头。目前项目区内农民虽然解决了温饱问题，但离小康水平相差甚远。因此，项目区干群迫切要求节水灌溉工程尽快实施，对水利建设的积极性很高，同