主谓一致精华课件.ppt

考点聚焦 主谓一致 通常依据三项原则： 1）语法一致； 2）意义一致； 3）就近一致。 【语法一致原则】 1.以“and ”或“both and”连接的并列主语,通常作复 数用 。 plastics and rubber never rot . what he says and what he does do not agree. both tom and i are fond of medicine . 2. 如果并列主语指的是“同一个”人（事、物、抽象概念 ），作单数用,且and后面的名词没有冠词. the worker and writer has come . 。 a cart and horse was seen in the distance . truth and honesty is the best policy . 3.“and”前、后的单数词语都有“each,every , no”等 修饰时，仍作单数用。 every boy and every girl enjoys equal rights here. no teacher and no student is excused from taking part in the activity 4. 主语后接“with”等构成的短语修饰成分时： 谓语仍须与这类短语前的“主语”一致。可构成这类短语的 常用词有“with ,along with,together with ,as well as , but , besides , except ,added to , including , like ,no less than , rather than , more than ”等。 a woman with two children has come . i as well as they am ready to help you . 5. one of + 复数名词+ 定语从句 1）定语从句的先行词通常是这个“复数名词”， 因此从句的谓语用复数形式。 this is one of the best novels that have appeared this year . he was one of the boys who were praised . 2）若“one”前加“the only ”等 时，定语从句的关系词指代one， 作从句主语时，接单数谓语。 he was the only one of the boys who was praised . 6. “a / an + 单名+ and a half”, “one and a half +复名” 常接单数谓 语； a year and a half has passed . one and a half bananas is left on the desk. 7.不定代词 “each ,one ,much,(a)little ,either ,neither ,another ,the other(+单名 )“等常作单数用。它们所修饰的主语也作单 数。 each of the girls (each girl) has a new hat . neither plan suits me . neither of the plans suits / suit me . 8.下列复合不定代词一般作单数用： someone ,somebody ,something ,anybody ,anyone ,anything ,everybody ,everyone ,everything ,nobody ,no one ,nothing 等。 is everybody here ? there was nothing special then. 9.各类从句,非谓语作主语时, 大多作单数用。 1. what he says doesnt agree with what he does . 2. collecting stamps is his hobby. 10. clothes, glasses, trousers, shoes, chopsticks作主语时, 大多作复数 用,但前有a kind of, a pair of, a series of 等词修饰时,作单数用。 a pair of shoes was on the desk. 12. 主语有more than one或 many a构成, 谓语用单数. more than one student has read the book. many a girl has been there. 11. 在定语从句中,who, that, which 引导的从 句,爆谓语应和先行词保持一致. do you know the boys who are over there? the boy who is over there is my cousin. 13. this kind of book= a book of this kind,谓语用单数, this kind of men= men of this kind= these kind of men, this kind of men,谓语用单数, men of this kind, these kind of men谓语用复数, this kind of men is dangerous. men of this kind are dangerous. 【意义一致原则】 1.集合名词作主语时： 1. 有些通常作复数用（不变词形）。如： “people , police , cattle (牛，牲口)， folk , youth , militia (民兵)”，等。 the police have caught the murderer . 2. 有些指“整体”时作单数，指其中的 “成员”时作复数（不变词形）。如 “army ,audience,class ,club,class, enemy, group, population, party, company, government, team. crowd, family, crew,staff, union , public等. our family is a happy one . the family are early risers . 3.表“时间、距离、金额、度量衡”等的词语，作“整体” 看时作单数用，侧重指“若干单位”时作复数用。 twenty years is not a long time . twenty years have passed since he left . 4.表示“运算”的数词通常作单数 , 也作复数用。 ten times four makes(make) forty . 5. “the + 形容词/分词”作主语时,指“一类”人或事物时， 常用作复数用。 the english speak english. 英国人讲英语。 the wounded have been taken to the hospital. 6. “分数、百分数”通常依其“具体所指” 来决定单、复数。 about 40 percent / two-fifths of the books here are worth reading . only sixty percent / three-fifths of the work was done yesterday 但是，“the number(数目)/ the variety(种类 )”+ of + 复数名词，作单数。 the number of students in this college has doubled . the variety of goods in this shop is rich . 7. “a number of (许多)/ a variety of ( 各式各样) “+复数名词，常作复数用。 a number of students in this class are from sichuan . there are a variety of toys in this shop. 但是，“the number(数目)/ the variety(种类 )”+ of + 复数名词，作单数。 the number of students in this college has doubled . the variety of goods in this shop is rich . 8.单、复数同形的词作主语时 1.以“-ics”结尾的学科名词：指教育 、科研的某一学科，作单数。 mathematics seems easy to me 2. “works工厂，means方法，series系列， species物种，aircraft飞机”等名词单、复数同形 ，要从上下文判断其具体意义来决定单、复数。 this works was(these works were)built two years ago . every means has (all means have) been tried . 这类名词通常还有“fish ,deer ,sheep , plastics, manners(礼貌) 等。（但news（消 息）是不可数名词，通常只作单数用。） 8.专用名词作主语时： 1.“书名、剧名、报刊名、国家名”等通常作单数用。 the united states was founded in 1776. the arabian nights is very interesting . 2.“书刊名”有时作单数或复数两可，尤其是编成集 子的书。 dickens american notes were (was) published in 1842 . 【就近一致原则 】 1.由下列词语连接的并列主语：“or ; either or; neithernor；whetheror ；notbut; not onlybut also” ; 等。 what he does or what he says does not concern me . neither you nor i am wrong . not you but your father is to blame . not only you but(also) he is wrong . 2. 在倒装句中：谓语可与后面第一 个主语一致。 in the distance were a crowd of people and a bus. 3.在 there be句型中: there is a book and two pens on the desk. 主谓一致精练与解析 1.more than one person here _ with the disease. a. has been infected b. have been infected c. has been infecting d. have been infecting 由more than one 修饰单数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数 又如：more than one man was injured in the accident. more than one house has been repaired. 2. one or perhaps more pages _ missing. a. is b. are c. has been d. have been 由or连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与靠 近它的主语一致。 又如：are you or he to drive ? was she or you there ? 3.an expert, together with some assistants, _ to help in this work. a. was sent b. were sent c. is sending d. are sending 由 with，together with，along with，rather than，no less than ，but， besides，except等连接两个名词或代词作主语 时，谓语动词应与前一个相一致。 又如：nobody but john and helen was absent. i, rather than you, am responsible for the accident. 4.the police _ the black in winter. a. wears b. wear c. put on d. puts on 英语中，一些表示总称意义的名词，如：police，people， cattle等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。 又如：some people spend a lot of money on clothes. cattle are raised everywhere by the farmers. 5.the number of students that you have met _ the life of the team. a. are b. is c. were d. be the number of复数名词作主语时，谓语用单数。a number of复数名词作主语时，谓语用复数。 又如：the number of cars is increasing in beijing. a number of books have been published on this subject. 6. to get up early and to go to sleep early _ good for your health. a. is b. are c. was d. were 由and连接两个名词，包括两个不定式、两个动名词作主语 ，若指同一件事或一个概念事，谓语动词用单数形式。 又如：whether to go on or return is not known. time and tide waits for no man. 7. more students than one _. a. were punished b. is punished c. was punished d. will punish more 复数名词 than one 和 more than one 单 数名词的意义相同，均表示“不只一个”，但前者用作复 数，后者用作单数。 又如：more students than one were punished. more than one student was punished. 8. what they need _ more people. a. is b. are c. has d. have 名词从句作主语时，通常表示单数概念，谓语动词常用单数 ，但所指内容是复数意义时，谓语动词用复数。本句从表语 more people 可以得知主语what we need指复数内容。 又如：what we need is more time. what he needs are books. what he says and what he does do not agree. 1. on the wall _ two large portraits. a.hangs b.hang c.hanged d.hanging 1. 2.nobody but jane _ the secret. 2. a.know b.knows c.have known d.is known 3. 3.all but one _ here just now. 4. a.is b.was c.has been d.were 5. 4.the number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons. a.were;was b.was; was c.was ;were d.were; were 6. 5.e-mail, as well as telephone, _ an important part in daily communication. 7. a.is playing b.have played c.are playing d.play 6. a library with five thousand books_to the nation as a gift. a. is offered b. has offered c. are offered d. have offered 7.when and where to build the new factory _ yet. a. is not decided b.are not decided c. has not decided d. have not decided 8.neither my wife nor i myself _ able to persuade my daughter to change her mind ais bare cam db 9. not the teacher，but the students _ looking forward to seeing the film ais bare cam dbe 10. nobody but betty and mary _ late for class yesterday a. was b. were c. has been d. have been 11. no one except my parents _ anything about this. a know b knows c is know d are known 12. the teacher as well as the students _ the book already. ahas read bhave read care reading dis reading 13. _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass. a. two fifth; is b. two fifth; are c. two fifths; is d. two fifths; are 14. all but one _ in the accident awas killed bwere killed cwill be killed dare killed 15.the