英语本科毕业论文-How to improve the ability of listening， speaking， reading and writing.doc

english reading of the variables to readhow to improve the ability of listening， speaking， reading and writing毕业生姓名：所属院系： 牡丹江师范学院外语系所属专业： 英语专业所属年级： 2004级导师评语：成 绩：指导教师：职 称：职 务：english reading of the variables to readname of student :shi jingteacher guide :the theory applied to foreign language teaching reading to our full enlightenment significance. according interactive reading theory, meaning not only exist in the language of the text symbols, passively waiting for the reader to absorb. reading must actively participate in the efforts to tap its meaning. in the process of reading, language materials and readers are interactive. word meaning neither exists in yupian (text), nor in the audience, it stems from the interaction. in english reading process, the existence of a number of variables (variables), these variables will no doubt have an impact on the understanding of reading time. this article seeks to explore the english reading zhu variables and their impact on english language teaching reading. yupian readers from reading is the process of obtaining information. renowned linguist christine nuttall believes that the author will be in the minds of their information coding (encoding), a yupian (text), readers again yupian declassified, access to information. he is the author of the minds of information (one idea, a fact or a feeling) conveyed out, let people understand that he must first of all information in the letter is that the code, the author also known as coding. the coding process once completed, the information on the form to yupian exist in the authors mind outside. reading process is a decryption process. the message into the minds of readers, with the completion of the process of communication. however, the communication process is not so simple, because the various links in communication may have a failure, causing communication breakdown, the information can not be communicated. information from the authors mind in the minds of readers, a number of factors will affect readers receive information. these factors are called variables by psychologists. .there are three main variables read 1.1 readers variables (variables ) ;12.yupian variables (text variables) ;3. authors variables (writer variables). 1) readers variables : the people believe that the meaning of yupian the water like glass, and the minds of readers like containers. yupian meaning to the readers directly into the minds of readers are like sponge, absorbing yupian unreservedly meaning. according to this view, the reader is a passive role in reading, and he will open mind, like water, into which yupian meaning. interactive reading theory argued that the existence of the letter significance not passively await readers in the text of declassified language symbols, on the contrary, the letter of significance in the text interaction with readers produced. therefore, in the course of reading, the readers role is proactive, he only attention to the meaning of the text of the excavation, it is possible to the text message. information was obtained in the course of personal knowledge structure readers play a pivotal role. if the reader has understood the meaning of the text of all the background knowledge (such as the author biographical, texts and other relevant knowledge); then he can not cost much effort to understand the meaning of the text. otherwise, as the road in the rugged mountain path, we advance, it is difficult to find the road leading to the meaning of the text. thus, the same version of the different readers with varying degrees of ease, because the readers own knowledge structure differences that readers variables. readers variables is an important factor affecting reading. yupian variables : yupian variables refers sentence structure, length, density vocabulary (vocabulary intensity), the number of new concepts, innovative degrees and the difficulty of the subject articles. the ease of a text with the author to the reader some of the above aspects coincide size. coincide greater part, the text more easily, but is more difficult. in fact, it is impossible fully understood, the purpose of reading to understand the meaning of the text of the excavation, expansion coincide face. there is no doubt that yupian variables for reading a great influence. 3) the author variables : the author is also a variable. in writing, the author must know the characteristics of the reader, and then in accordance with their characteristics, writing. thus, his message will be accurately conveyed to the reader, there is a misunderstanding or not fully understood, resulting in the interruption of communication. i read in english teaching attention to the impact of english reading zhu variables to the object and taken effective measures to overcome these variables to reading about the negative effects achieved good results : (a) in the impact of english reading zhu variables, the authors variables that we can change, because we can not ask what the author wrote, how to write or what not to write. but we can search for students to choose reading materials level variables to the author reading materials to address the negative impact brought about by the understanding. american linguist carats shen made language learned five assumptions : 1) the purpose of attaining and learning assumptions ;2) natural order assumptions ;3) omv assumptions ;4) language material assumptions ;5) feelings filtering assumptions. foreign language scholars to these assumptions controversial, but it has been assumed that most researchers language materials accepted. carats shen believes that english learners through engagement than their current level of language materials that i+1 (i to the current level, for slightly more than one level i), and learned the language. they constantly absorbing language materials, and thus gradually increase their language level. this theory applies to the learning of english reading, reading materials should enable students to feel a certain degree of difficulty, but not too difficult for students to feel that they did not understand or are not part of the point of view or not. i chose teaching in a certain number of difficulties, slightly higher than the actual level of students reading material. these covered a wide range of materials (including social sciences, natural sciences, life sciences, the humanities, literature, etc.), size puppets, the style of writing beautiful, innovative perspectives, humor humorous. students not only learned the english language knowledge, and enhance the reading level, but also to many other aspects of knowledge. (b) includes two aspects yupian variables in the language and non-language. sentence structure and length, vocabulary density of the language factor, and new concepts, articles themes, innovative non-language degrees are factors may call cultural factors. in yupian, both are often intertwined, such as dog word is obviously a question of terminology, a language factor, the students understand the words, it should be said that there is no language problem, but when the word in the sentence, even yupian emerged, chinese language students only know that its counterpart term dog would not necessarily be able to accurately understand its culture of letter (cultural connotation). professor xu guozhang said such words as culturally-loaded institutions (cultural connotations the word). i use two methods in the teaching of reading solution yupian variables negative impact; (a) in-depth analysis impossible, difficult words, strengthen and enrich students knowledge of languages; (2) from the perspective of the east-west culture contrast with some of the cultural connotations of words, sentences and stories, in order to increase students knowledge of the cultural background, to improve reading ability purposes. of interviews cite two cases note : cases 1. i am not so naive, however, as to believe that sex is responsible for this apart plight of the american women. i am not a feminist. but i am an individualist. i do not believe there is any important difference between men and women -certainly not as much as there may be between one woman and another or one man and another. in this short article, individualist is a keyword, it is coming from individualism. chinas publishing of english chinese and chinese-english dictionary will be individualism and individualism as the words. american individualism is the core values and outlook on life, and give full play to its emphasis on personal freedom, power and independence of thought and action capacities. in short, it is americans living standards and promote the spirit of american society, as well as american social and cultural mainstream. it is a baoyici. china will promote the spirit of collectivism and cooperation. individualism in chinese culture refers to individuals from all interests, personal interests above the collective interests, and ignoring other peoples erroneous ideas about themselves. clearly, individualism is not the mainstream of chinese culture, it a pejorative. thus, individualism and egoism different cultural connotations. student understanding of the meaning of individualism can correctly grasp the theme of the text, the purpose of achieving cross-cultural communication. 2.propaganda cases is the most terrible weapon so far developed. it is worse than drugs gas. even with all the elaborate apparatus of modern publicity. few readers could write more of the biography without notice of any federal writer than could be contained on a postcard. british collins birmingham university international yuliaoku english dictionary ( collins cobuild english language dictionary ), propaganda is defined as : propaganda is often exaggerated or false information, which is spread by some political groups, intended to affect the public, the word often used derogatory sense.(propaganda is information, frequently exaggerated or false information. which is spread by political groups in order to influence the public; usually used showing disapproval). english chinese dictionary general propaganda into advocacy in chinese-english dictionary is the propaganda as propaganda response word. li in chinese language propaganda no derogatory sense, and english lane propaganda obviously expression. and the chinese language propaganda should be closer to the english word stolen, it was suggested to change into our publicity department publicity department. in two cases, the word propaganda is the center, where it was translated into the english chinese dictionary propaganda students who understand from the perspective of chinese language term would be understood error. in teaching, i pay attention to guiding students of the english dictionary more from the vocabulary of the english interpretation of the cultural meaning and understanding terminology minor semantic differences. (c) letters variables that readers have the background knowledge, internal information or information that the non-visual (internal or non-visual information), reading level, intelligence, motivation, aptitude. these background variables, the reader is one of the most important aspects, which include negative cultural patterns such as political, economic, education, history, geography, and cultural patterns, such as active thinking, concepts, systems, human emotions, behaviour etiquette. i have tried carats shen restrictive reading law (that is, for students to read at the designated area, lured by its use has accumulated yupian familiar with the knowledge structure). training students in order to compensate for their lack of background knowledge of the weaknesses of good results. for example, in the training of students reading, a text element is the main structure (the tyrant), they are ignorant. in view of this situation i remembered reading an article before giving them background material. as follows : tyrant is the check in ancient greece, exercising absolute power without legal warrant, but no t necessarily badly. allowance according to aristotle s definition it was exercised for selfish ends. in this usage a mild and beneficent tyranny is an expression involving no contradiction. greek tyranny rose mainly out of three of four causes. in greece proper and the islands it was the outgrowth of the pinochet of the rising popular classes against the aristocracy or plutocracy. the h eyday of these tyrants was the 6th cent.b.c. , and their classic example is status. most of the time these tyrants were really popular leaders regardless of their birth. after reading these notes, the contents of text easier for students to understand and accept. on the other hand, i also tried to read as a whole train law students reading habits, improve their reading levels. most students have a good reading habits that will be encountered by every word out, before the next time. reading results alarmingly slow, often read behind the previous content has been forgotten. overall reading law requires persons to focus on reading the entire chapter contents, rather than individual words. in reading process, reading a chapter in the beginning of the identification of certain key words, the mind immediately began to chapter content projections; then continue reading in the process through the identification of words constantly confirmed, amended, extended forecast at the beginning of, or arising out of its denial of the new forecast to reach the final chapter of let comprehensive understanding. through the overall reading training, the majority of students will be able to abandon the original but the tip of the iceberg case-by-word sentence reading