英语专业毕业论文-论《呼啸山庄》中所展现的哥特色彩.doc

the gothic colors shown in wuthering heightsthe gothic colors shown in wuthering heights论呼啸山庄中所展现的哥特色彩学 院： 郑州大学升达经贸管理学院专 业： 商 用 英 语 姓 名： 学 号： 指导教师： 郑 重 声 明本人的学位论文是在导师指导下独立撰写并完成的，学位论文没有剿窃、抄袭等违反学术道德、学术规范的侵权行为，否则本人愿意承担由此产生的一切法律责任和法律后果，特此郑重声明。 学位论文作者（签名） 年 月 日 acknowledgementsi would like to extend my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, miss liu for her instructive advice and useful suggestions on my paper. i am deeply grateful of her help in the completion of this paper. she helped me in topic choosing; give me better advice on topic range; encouraged me whenever i feel frustrated, kindly and carefully revised my draft. i would like to thank all those who have given me their generous helps, commitment and enthusiasm, which have been the major driving force to complete the current paper. and i also would like to thank all my teachers during my college life. 【abstract】 wuthering heights is the outstanding novel written by emily bronte, an english woman writer in the 19th century. the name of the novel comes from the yorkshire manor on the moors on which the story centers. the narrative tells the tale of the all-encompassing and passionate, yet thwarted love between heath cliff and catherine earns haw, and how this unresolved passion eventually destroys both themselves and many around them. also it is a piece of exquisite works of the worlds literature, which displays a sea of gothic colors. this paper analyzes the gothic colors showing in wuthering heights from emilys writing background, living environment, suffering of lost families and the authors personality. the article is divided into six parts; the first part gives a brief introduction to the author emily bronte, the novel wuthering heights and literature review on wuthering heights; the second part introduces the definition, origin, development and effect of gothic novel; the third part analyzes the gothic colors which embody in the main characters- heath cliff and catherine; the fourth and fifth parts illustrate the gothic color from the environment and plot; the last part is the conclusion.【key words】 wuthering heights; emily bronte; gothic colors【摘要】呼啸山庄是19世纪英国女作家艾米莉勃朗特的著名小说，也是世界文学园地中的一朵奇葩，其中展现了大量的哥特色彩。本文从作者艾米莉勃朗特所处的社会文化背景、作者的荒原情节、失去亲人的伤痛以及艾米莉的性格特征几方面来分析呼啸山庄这部作品中所展现的哥特色彩。本论文共分六个部分，第一部分先对作者艾米莉勃朗特，小说呼啸山庄和呼啸山庄的国内外研究现状作简要介绍；第二部分介绍哥特小说的定义，起源，发展和影响；第三部分主要分析小说主人公希刺克历夫和凯瑟琳身上所体现出来的哥特式色彩；第四部分和第五部分分析小说呼啸山庄的环境和情节中所体现出的哥特色彩；第六部分是全文的总结。【关键词】呼啸山庄；艾米莉勃朗特；哥特色彩contentspart introduction 11.1 brief introduction of emily bronte 11.2 brief introduction of wuthering heights 21.3 literature review on wuthering heights 5part reviews on gothic literary theory 62.1 definition of gothic novel 62.2 origin of gothic novel 62.3 development of gothic novel 72.4 effect of gothic novel 7part the gothic color about main characters in wuthering heights 83.1 heath cliff: a poor inhuman monster 83.2 catherine：a contradictory woman 10part the gothic color about environment in wuthering heights 114.1 scary situation 114.2 terrible nightmares 134.3 gloomy surroundings 14part the gothic color about plot in wuthering heights 155.1 mysterious plot 155.2 supernatural love 16part conclusion 17bibliography 1811the gothic colors shown in wuthering heightspart. introductionthis part will give a brief introduction to emily bronte, the novel wuthering heights and literature review on wuthering heights. emily bronte had an unhappy childhood during the time she had senses of inferiority, timidity, introversion, and precocity. thus, books became her best friends. she read not only all kinds of classic literature, but also the magazines of braidwood and fraser. we can see clearly in wuthering heights that emily was strongly influenced by gothic tradition. 1.1 brief introduction of emily bronte emily bronte (1818-1848) was born on july30, 1818 at 74 market street in thornton, bradford, and yorkshire, england. she was the fourth daughter of maria barnwell, who died of cancer when emily was only three years old. after her youngest sister anne was born, the brontes moved to the village of haworth where patrick had been appointed rector. disaster struck in october of 1848, when emily fell sick with tuberculosis. in december of 1848, emilys coffin was laid in the same vault as that of her mother and brother. anne soon followed her sister to the grave, after she was consumed by the same relentless disease that had deprived her mother, brother, and three sisters of their lives. emilys sisters, brother and mother died one by one, and her own also had the same disease, all these terrible things made her combine the reality and the novel together, so the gothic tradition can be used perfectly in wuthering heights.wuthering heights seemed a very dark book. of course, death was no stranger to emily. she was an isolated, timid woman, she had an unusual character, extremely unsocial and reserved, with few friends outside her family. she preferred the company of animals to people and rarely travelled, forever yearning for the freedom of haworth and the moors. she had a will of iron a well known story about her is that she was bitten by a rabid dog which resulted in her walking calmly into the kitchen and cauterizing the wound herself with a hot iron. she had unconventional religious beliefs, rarely attending church services and, unlike the other children, never teaching in the sunday school. according to her personality, emily described heath cliff as a typically considered byronic hero, but critics had found his character, with a capacity for self-invention, to be profoundly difficult to assess. the character of heath cliff was full of gothicism.emily was able to create the alienated character heath cliff was decided by her unsocial and reserved personality. wuthering heights exposed the inherent character of herself. emily had a rebellious mood and a strong sense of pessimism, so she hated the whole society and herself. in her childhood, emily had a morbid mentality on performance, she was more like a young man, but not like a girl, her spirit was even stronger than men, her character was unique. such a young age with the “male protest” the complex mental, psychological analysis with the words, was a spiritual classic symptoms of gender people. in wuthering heights, emily described characters with rich imagination; the wild nature was the novels background. she planted the gothic seed into the soil of reality. she wanted to create a mysterious, strange, gloomy and fighting atmosphere. generally speaking, the gothicism was used perfectly in emilys wuthering heights.1.2 brief introduction of wuthering heightsthe story develops with two symmetrical families. the earns haws, rough in manner, including mr. earns haw, his son hindley and his daughter catherine, live in their old house, wuthering heights, up in the folds of the moor. the linton family, richer and more genteel, including mr. linton, his wife, his son edgar and his daughter isabella, live down in a neighboring valley at thrush cross grange. one day, mr. earns haw meet a gypsy little boy in the streets of liverpool. he brings the boy to home and calls the boy heath cliff and regards him as one of his own children. after earns haws death he is bullied and humiliated by hindley, but his passionate and ferocious nature found its complement in catherine. heath cliff ran away when he overhears that catherine was going to become edgars wife. he returns three years later, and is determined to take revenge on hindley and the linton. he marries edgars sister isabella and cruelly ill-treats her. his passion to catherine hastens death as she is about to give birth to daughter, cathy. after catherines death, heath cliff bring hare ton and hindley under his power, brutalized contrives to marry cathy to his own peevish ailing son, linton heath cliff. but all his revenge is foiled by cathy and hare ton, who loved each other. heath cliff died a defeated man. after his death, people see the ghosts of heath cliff and catherine roams on the moor.wuthering heights is an important contemporary novel for two reasons: its honest and accurate portrayal of life during an early era provides a glimpse of history, and the literary merit it possesses in and of itself enables the text to rise above entertainment and rank as quality literature. the portrayal of women, society, and class bear witness to a time thats foreign to contemporary readers. but even though society is different today than it was two centuries ago, people remain the same, and contemporary readers can still relate to the feelings and emotions of the central charactersheath cliff and catherineas well as those of the supporting characters. because brontes characters are real, they are human subjects with human emotions; therefore, wuthering heights is not just a sentimental romance novel. it is a presentation of life, an essay on love, and a glimpse at relationships. many critics, praising brontes style, imagery, and word choice, contend that wuthering heights is actually poetry masquerading as prose.this lyrical prose has a distinct structure and style. significantly, wuthering heights is about ordered pairs: two households, two pairs of children. some critics dismiss the plot of the secondgeneration characters as being a simple retelling of the first story; however, in doing so, they are dismissing the entire second half of the first story; however, in doing so, they are dismissing the entire second half of the book. each of the two generations comprises 17 chapters. clearly, in order to appreciate fully wuthering heights, attention must be paid to the second half, particularly noting that the second half is not just a retelling but rather a revisinga form of renewal and rebirth.these ordered pairs more often than not, are pairs of contrast. the most noticeable pair is that of the two houses: wuthering heights and thrush cross grange. wuthering heights has the wild, windy moors and its inhabitants possess the same characteristics. opposite this are the calm, orderly parks of thrush cross grange and its inhabitants. each household has a male and female with a counterpart at the other. readers gain insight into these characters not only by observing what they think, say, and do but also by comparing them to their counterparts, noticing how they do not think, speak, and act. much is learned by recognizing what one is not.structurally, the narrative is also primarily told from a paired point of view. lockwood frames the initial story, telling the beginning and ending chapters. within the framework of his story, nelly relates the majority of the action from her outsiders point of view. in essence, readers are eavesdropping rather than experiencing the action. and embedded within nellys narrative are chapters told primarily from another characters point lf view that has been related to nelly. this technique allows readers to experience more than would with any one narrator, enabling readers to gain an insiders perspective.the role of the outsider should not be overlooked because the setting of wuthering heights is one of complete isolation; therefore, only those with firstor second-hand experiences are able to relate them to others. the moors connect between wuthering heights and thrush cross grange serve a dual purposelinking the two households while simultaneously separating them from the village and all others.this isolated setting is important for brontes combination of realism and gothic symbolism. bronte took conventions of the time and instead of merely recreating them in a work of her own, used them as a springboard to write an entirely original tale, creating characters that are simultaneously real and symbolic archetypes.emily uses these characters to explore themes of good versus evil, crime and punishment, passion versus rationality, revenge, selfishness, division and sickness, rebellion and reconciliation, chaos and order, nature and culture, health and sickness, rebellion, and the nature of love. these themes are not independent of each other; rather, they mix, mingle, and intertwine as the story unfolds.wuthering heights is also a social novel about class in society as well as a treatise on the role of women. bronte illustrates how class mobility is not always moving in one direction. for catherine, representing a lower class, social class plays a major role when deciding to get married. that is why she cannot marry heath cliff and agrees, instead, to marry edgar. for isabella, however, just the opposite is true. she is drawn to the wild, mysterious man, regardless of the fact that he is beneath her social standing. because of her infatuation, she loses everything that dear to her. readers must determine what decisions are made by members of a certain class and why these characters made the decisions they did.on the surface, wuthering heights is a love story. delving deeper, readers find both a symbolic and psychological novel. in fact, wuthering heights cannot be easily classified as any particular type of novelthat is the literary strength that brontes text possesses. the novel told from multiple points of view is easily read and interpreted from multiple perspectives, also.1.3 literature review on wuthering heightsgothic novel is an exotic flower in western european literature garden. it is full of super-natural and hair-raising thing, and makes the readers have a unique sensation of spirit and aesthetics. it is all the rage at the time and many writers have been influenced. even until now, the technique of gothic tradition is in writers goof grace for its expression and appeal. gothic novel trend is of ancient origin and long development. “under the influence of gothic novels in the late 18th century, emily bronte adopted the gothic traditions in her great novel wuthering heights in terms of four aspects: gothic theme and plot, demonic character, heavy atmosphere and illusion. this paper is to explore the gothic features in wuthering heights from the above mentioned four aspects, so as to make the readers better appreciate the everlasting charm of novel”.( t dawson, 1989:26 )“emily succeeds in merging reality with gothic techniques like symbolism, terror, and mystery, inputs the passionate feelings and energy into the old modes, and perfectly unites the gothic form with passionate contents. the thesis aims at digging out some hidden implications in the novel from a new and different perspective to provide the reader with more enlightenment and speculation and tries at the same time to help the readers reread this novel from the angle of female gothic by displaying the surrealistic description of the devilish characters and the nightmares.” (zhang ningwen, 2008:12)many experts and scholars make a lot of excellent comments on wuthering heights. this paper gives a brief analysis of creating origin of gothicism in wuthering heights from emilys writing background, living environment, suffering of lost families and her personality.part. reviews on gothic literary theory2.1 definition of gothic novelgothic novel is a genre of literature that combines elements of both horror and romance. gothic novel as one branch of the english literature and the father of horror movies origins from the castle of otranto. more importantly, it leads habitually with darkness and horror. gothic elements include horror, mystery, supernatural phenomenon, misfortune, death, haunted houses, and family curses.2.2 origin of gothic novel gothic originally came from the goths, an early germanic tribe, who invaded and occupied almost all roman between 3 and 5 ad. the romans scornfully regarded them as barbaric and uncultured, much like the vandals. thus, gothic won the meaning- barbaric, vulgar, and uncultured. later, the usage gradually became extensive. during the period of renaissance, italys humanists firstly used the word gothic. they called the things from the north of the alps gothic. people also called those upright buildings with slender columns, sharp joaquin, and stained glasses and mosaics gothic architecture. those buildings, including church construction or construction-related style, can create a formidable poet born and a sense of awe of mystery. the similar styles of sculptures, paintings, including architecture art also are known as gothic art. then, gothic was defined as rudeness, barbaric, obsoleteness, ugliness. part . the gothic color about main characters in wuthering heightsin gothic novels, the shaping of the characters is a commonly used vehicle for giving expression to the gothic ingredient. this is particularly true of emilys wuthering heights. this chapter will describe the main characters in this novel, heath cliff and catherine. heath cliff is a poor inhuman monster, catherine is a contradictory woman, and these characters of them increase the novels gothic color. 3.1 heath cliff: a poor inhuman monsterin gothic novels, the shaping of the characters is a commonly used vehicle for giving expression to the gothic ingredient. this is particularly true of emilys wuthering heights. when we open this book, we can see various terrify