园林论文冷蒿挥发物对家畜采食量的影响.doc

冷蒿挥发物对家畜采食量的影响 冷蒿挥发物对家畜采食量的影响 effects of volatile organic compounds from artemisia frigida wild. on intake mass of domestic animals【中文摘要】 为了探讨冷蒿与家畜采食量的关系,本实验以绵羊为研究对象,用含有不同比例冷蒿的混合牧草饲喂绵羊,分析了绵羊的采食量、采食行为及食性选择策略,结合热脱附气相色谱质谱(tct-gc-ms)联用技术对冷蒿地上部分7月份释放气体进行了组分分析和鉴定;并将其主要成分桉树脑、-萜品醇、-蒎烯和-蒎烯添加到绵羊的饲料里,进一步分析了不同冷蒿挥发物单体对绵羊采食量、采食行为及食性选择策略的影响。实验结果表明:1、通过gc/ms分析鉴定,冷蒿挥发物中主要含有桉树脑(60.64%)、-萜品醇(7.74%)、樟脑(2.15%)、-伞花烃(6.09%)-蒎烯(3.58%)、-蒎烯(0.72%)等物质。2、在添加了冷蒿的混合饲料里,冷蒿对绵羊的采食行为起到了显著的影响(p<0.01)。在混合饲料里,绵羊在不采食冷蒿的同时,对其他植物的采食量也降低了,从而降低了采食速率,采食时间也有所下降;在采食的四个时序里,采食量的高峰出现在第二或第三时序;冷蒿对绵羊采食其他牧草的采食频率有显著影响(p<0.01),混合饲料里,采食频率最高的是野韭类牧草,豆科植物次之,冷蒿的采食频率最低。3、冷蒿挥发物中的桉树脑和-萜品醇对绵羊的采食量有显著的抑制作用(p<0.01),浓度越高抑制越显著;混合单体中-蒎烯、-蒎烯与-萜品醇混合处理能够起到明显的抑制采食作用,这主要是-萜品醇在起作用。桉树脑和-萜品醇推迟了绵羊采食高峰期的时间。4、舍饲条件下,添加冷蒿挥发物对采食时间的影响没有明显规律,有浓重气味的桉树脑和-萜品醇使绵羊的采食时间缩短;-蒎烯、-蒎烯和俩个混合处理使绵羊的采食时间延长了,这主要是这种气味影响了绵羊的采食速率,采食速率的变化规律同采食量的变化一致。5、冷蒿挥发物对绵羊的采食频率有显著影响(p<0.01)。添加气味浓重的桉树脑、-萜品醇和-蒎烯、-蒎烯与-萜品醇混合处理能够明显降低绵羊的采食频率;-蒎烯、-蒎烯、-蒎烯和-蒎烯混合处理对绵羊的采食频率没有显著影响。【英文摘要】 in order to explore the relationship between the artemisia frigida wild. and the intake mass, this reaserch took sheep as reaserch object, using mixture of pasture containing a. frigida in different scales to feed sheep, to analyse the intake mass of the sheep, intake behavior and diet selection strategy, combined with thermal-desorption cold trap/gas chromatography/mass spectrum (tct-gc-ms) to analyse the vocs from the overground part of a. frigida in july and to identify the compoments; and its major components cineole,-terpinol ,-pinene and-pinene were added to the sheep feed, to analyse the effects of different monomers of vocs from a. frigida on intake mass, intake behavior and diet selection strategies. the results showed as follows:1.through analysis by gc/ms, the vocs from a. frigida mainly contained e (60.64%),-t (7.74%), cmphor (2.15%), p-cmene (6.09%)-p (3.58%),-p (0.72%) and so on.2.the mixed feed with the addition of a. frigida, a. frigida played a significant impact on intake behavior of sheep(p<0.01). in the mixed feed, the sheep did not feed a. frigida, at the same time the intake mass of other plants has also reduced, thereby intake rate reduced, intake time also decreased; the peak of intake mass appeared in the second or third period at four time period; a. frigida played a significant impact on intake frequency of other pasture(p<0.01); the highest intake frequency was allium wild-type foragein , followed by legumes and the lowest was artemisia frigida in the mixed feed.3.the e and-t of vocs had a significant inhibition on intake mass of sheep(p<0.01), with the concentration increasing the inhibition increased. the mixture of-p,-p and-t of vocs monomer took a significant inhibition on intake mass ,which was mainly-t worked. the peak time of intake mass was delayed by e and-t .4.under feeding conditions, the effect of feed with addition of vocs from a. frigida on the intake time hadnt obvious law, the intake time of sheep was decreased by e and-t; intake time of sheep was increased by-p,-p and the mixture of-p and-p, the intake rate of sheep was mainly affected by the smell of vocs, and the variation of intake rate had the same law with the intake mass.5.the vocs from a. frigida played a significant impact on intake frequency of sheep(p<0.01). e ,-t and the mixture of-p ,-p and-t took a significant inhibition on intake frequency of sheep;-p,-p and the mixture of-p and-p had no significant impact on intake frequency. 【中文关键词】 冷蒿; 挥发物; 采食行为; 食性选择; 绵羊; 采食量 【英文关键词】 artemisia frigida wild; vocs; foraging behavior; diet selection; sheep; intake mass 【毕业论文目录】摘要 3-4 abstract 4-5 1 引言 10-20 1.1 食草家畜的采食行为 10-15 1.1.1 食草家畜采食行为概述及主要研究参数 10-12 1.1.2 食草家畜的食性选择 12-13 1.1.3 放牧家畜的食性选择策略 13-15 1.2 植物挥发物的研究现状 15-17 1.2.1 植物挥发物的特征 15 1.2.2 植物挥发性物质的合成及释放部位 15-16 1.2.3 植物挥发性物质的作用 16-17 1.3 冷蒿的研究现状 17-18 1.3.1 冷蒿的生态学特性 17-18 1.3.2 生长发育特点 18 1.4 研究的目的和意义 18-20 2 实验材料与方法 20-23 2.1 实验地自然概况 20 2.2 实验材料 20 2.3 冷蒿vocs 的采集和分析 20-21 2.4 实验设计 21-22 2.4.1 实验处理 21 2.4.2 饲喂方法 21-22 2.5 测定指标 22 2.6 数据处理 22-23 3 结果与分析 23-33 3.1 冷蒿挥发物成分分析 23-24 3.2 绵羊的正常采食量及采食行为 24-25 3.3 冷蒿对绵羊采食量及采食行为的影响 25-27 3.3.1 冷蒿对绵羊采食量的影响 25-26 3.3.2 冷蒿对绵羊采食行为的影响 26-27 3.4 冷蒿挥发物单体对绵羊采食量及采食行为的影响 27-31 3.4.1 冷蒿挥发物单体对绵羊采食量的影响 27-29 3.4.2 冷蒿挥发物单体对绵羊采食行为的影响 29-31 3.5 冷蒿挥发物混合单体对