中考英语专题复习：剖析中考英语宾语从句.doc

剖析中考英语宾语从句一、宾语从句的概念与位置：所谓宾语从句是指在复合句中充当宾语的句子，宾语从句紧随在主句动词、介词、间接宾语或形容词之后。1）动词之后：he says that he cant come tomorrow.2)介词之后：she isnt interested in what he is doing.3）间接宾语之后:can you tell me who he is?4）形容词之后:im afraid he is ill.二、宾语从句的连词1）宾语从句为陈述句。由that引导，这时that没有词义，只起引导作用，不充当句子成分，在口语或非正式文体中常常省略。eg. she says (that) she wants to go home now. i dont know(that) he is american.2）宾语从句为一般疑问句时，由连词if或whether引导eg .do you know if/whether he has been to japan?he asked if/whether i could help him.3）宾语从句为特殊疑问句时，由连接代词或连接副词引导，这时连词有词义，且在宾语从句中充当句子成分，常见的连接代词有：what, who, whom, whose, which;连接副词有:when, where, how, why, how many, how much, how old, how long etc.eg. can you tell us what they are doing?（在宾语从句中作宾语）we dont know whose pencil this is.（whose在宾语从句中作pencil的定语并与pencil一起作表语）she asked who was the tallest in our class.（作主语）we dont know when the train arrives.（作时间状语）please tell me how i can get to the post office. （作方式状语） do you know how old she is?（作表语)三、宾语从句的语序陈述句语序：主句+连接词+陈述句语序的句子宾语从句四、宾语从句的时态：和主句一致1、当主句为现在时态时，宾语从句的时态不受主句时态的限制，可用所需的任何时态，如：lily has gone to beijing.i hear (that) jim arrived two days ago.she will go there by plane.2、当主句为过去时态时，宾语从句的时态受主句时态的限制，一般只能用表示过去的某种时态，即：一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时 现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时现在完成时过去完成时过去进行时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时1) she said,“we hope so.” she said（that） they hoped so.2) jean said, “he will go to see his friend.” jean said he would go to see his friend.3) she said, “i told her the news yesterday.” she said she had told her the news the day before.五、注意：1、主句：过去时态宾语从句说明的是客观真理或客观事实时，宾语从句的时态不受主句时态的限制，即时态不变。eg. our teacher said that lights travel faster than sounds.我们老师说光比声音传播得快。the teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth. 老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转，月球绕着地球转。2、主句：宾语从句中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语：时态不变。eg. xiao wang said, “i was born on april 21,1980.” xiao wang said he was born on april 21,1980.3、原句如果是祈使句，宾语从句应改为“tell(ask, order, beg等)sb.(not)to do sth句型。eg. 1) “dont make any noise.” she said to the children.she told the children not to make any noise. 2) “bring me a cup of tea, please,” said she. she asked him to bring her a cup of tea.4、宾语从句的否定：一般情况下，宾语从句的否定与一般句子的否定一样，但动词think, believe等后跟宾语从句时，宾语从句的否定通常前移至主句中 eg. i dont think you are right. 我认为你不对。eg. we dont believe she can swim.我们相信她不会游泳。5、宾语从句与反意疑问句连用规律含有宾语从句的反意疑问句有两种形式：1）反意部分和主句谓语动词呼应：he says that he is wrong, doesnt he?2）如果主句的主语是第一人称单数i且谓语动词为think, believe, suppose等,反意疑问句一般和宾语从句的谓语呼应。eg. i think he is right, isnt he? i dont believe that he will come, will he?六、exercise:（一）单项选择：( )1. i wonder_ .a. whose bike is it? b. it is whose bike c. is it whose bike d. whose bike it is.( )2. do you know _?a. what has happened b. what happenc. what is happened d. what happening( )3. i want to know _come tomorrow. a. will she b. whether will she c. she will d. whether she will( )4. the small boy didnt know_ waiting for. a. whom were they b. whom are they c. whom they were d. whom they are( )5. could you tell me _?a. where is nearest shop b. where is the nearest shop c. the nearest shop is where d. where the nearest shop is( )6. mother asked her daughter_ when she grew up.a. what she was b. what she would be c. what would she be d. what was she going to be( d ) 7.the small children dont know _a. what is their stockings in b .where is in their stockingsc. where is their stocking in d. whats in their stockings（ ）8. i dont know _ he will come tomorrow. _he comes, ill tell you.a. if; whether b. whether ;whether c. if; that d. if; if( a )9. please ask her_.a. whats wrong with him b. why she did that for. c. what the matter is with him d. what her father ( )10. she asked me if i knew _.a. whose pen is it b. whose pen it was c. whose pen it is d. whose pen was it（二）句型转换：将下列句子变成宾语从句或同义句1. does marry work in that hospital? will you tell me? will you tell me _ marry _ in that hospital?2. has he handed in his homework? do you know? do you know_ he has handed in his homework?3. what did they fight about ? do you know? do you know what they_ _?4. when shall we have a meeting? can you tell me? can you tell me_ we _ _ a meeting?5. “where do you live?” the policeman asked tom. the policeman asked tom where_ _.6. i havent