实义动词have的用法.doc

实义动词have的意义及其后各种结构的用法实义动词have有不同意义,它还可以构成不同的结构,用来表达不同的意义?下面分别举例说明? 1. I have a lot of work to do. 我有很多工作要做? 此句中的have作“有”讲,后面的to do是定语,修饰名词work? to do与work之间呈逻辑上的动宾关系,因此to do后面不能再跟宾语? I am going to Beijing tomorrow. Do you have anything to be taken to your grandmother? 我打算明天去北京,你有什么东西要我给你祖母带去吗? 此句中的have仍作“有”讲,后面的to be taken to your grandmother作定语,修饰anything? 从意义上讲, anything只能是“明天被带给”你的祖母,因此,动词不定式应用被动形式? 2. The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father. 士兵们让那男孩背对他的父亲站着? 此句中的have作“迫使”讲,是个使役动词,后面跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语? “had the boy stand”相当于“let the boy stand”或“get the boy to stand”? 3. Ive just had some photos taken. 我刚才照了几张照片? She had her leg broken in the match. 比赛中她摔断了腿? We wont have anything said against our motherland. 我们绝不允许任何人说祖国的坏话? A week ago, I had a hundred dollars saved. 一星期之前我存了100美元? “have sth done”结构中的过去分词作宾语补足语用，句表示的是请别人照像,相当于“asked somebody else to take some photos”或“got some photos taken”? 句中,她在比赛中摔断腿是一种意外的不幸或灾难,相当于“got her leg broken”? 句表示不允许某件事发生?宾语“anything”与“said”之间呈现逻辑上的被动关系?句中的had有完成或解决某事之意?存钱的不是别人,而是句子主语自己? 4. The night before the procession, the two cheats had the lights burning all night long. 在游行的前一天夜里,这两个骗子让灯通夜亮着? “have sb/sth doing”表示“使某种情况发生”,其中的现在分词作宾语补足语用,说明现在分词与宾语为主动关系?其否定结构表示“不允许(不能让)某种情况发生”之意?例如: We wont have you talking to Mother like that? 我们不允许你那样和妈妈说话? 5. They had people coming to dinner. 他们有客人来吃饭? 此句中,可将had译为“有”,有时也可将这种结构中的have灵活译出? coming在句中作宾语补足语用?又如: I woke up at night only to have water dripping through the ceiling. 我夜里醒来发现天花板往下滴水? 6. We had no trouble (in) finding his house. 我们毫不费劲地找到了他的家? 此句中的finding是动名词,作介词in的宾语?这里的介词in也可以省略?形式上与其相类似的结构还有have a problem (in) doing sth (做某事有问题)， have difficulty (in) doing sth (做某事有困难)， have a difficult time (in) doing sth (做某事有困难)， have a struggle (in) doing sth (做某事很费劲)， have fun (in) doing sth (做某事很有趣)， have a good/wonderful/pleasant time (in) doing sth (做某事很愉快)? 巩固练习 1. What have you_ hydrogen, Mary? Balloons. A. have filled with B. had filled with C. had filled of D. to have filled 2. If your mother and wife are very ill at the same time and you can only help one at a time, who would you rather have_ to the hospital first? A. send B. sending C. sent D. to be sent 3. Whom do you think he would_ a letter of congratulation to the teacher? A. have write B. have written C. have to write D. have writing 4. He had his leg_ trying to save an eight-year-old boy from a cave-in. A. injure B. to be injured C. injuring D. injured 5. Im not going to have him_ up with this sort of business. A. mix B. mixed C. to mix D. mixing 6. I cant have a child of 5_ for you in the rain. A. wait B. waited C. waiting D. to wait 7. Why do you go to town when you have people_ with you? A. stay B. stayed C. staying D. to stay Key: 1-7 BCADBCC have作实义动词 1.表示“有”的意思 Look, I have wings, just like you. He had fair hair and blue eyes.注1：其否定和疑问形式变化，在美国通常用助动词do。 注2：在英国口语中常用have got代替have. Look, cant you see Ive got teeth, too, I havent got any jewelry. 2.have和一些其他名词连用，表示： (1)一种活动。 We have no classes on Sunday.（上课） theyre going to have a volleyball match.（举行比赛）Are we going to have a meeting this week?（开会） We are going to have a talk this afternoon.（听报告） (2)患病。 I have got a headache. I have a bad cold. (3)发生的情况。 Ive had so many falls that Im black and blue all over.（跌跤） (4)生育。 The queen ant may have tens of thousands of babies in one summer. 3.和一与动词同形的名词连用，表示一个动作（havea由动词转化和名词） Are you going to have a swim. I have a long talk with the teacher. 4.have on sth.或have sth. on，表示“穿着”、“戴着”(=to be wearing) I noticed he had on bedroom slippers. At the ball Motile had a diamond necklace on. 5.表示“吃”、“喝” I wanted to have a cup of tea and some eggs. Does she have lunch at home? 6.组成复合结构即“have宾语宾语补足语” (1)不加to的动词不定式作宾语补足语(have sb. do sth.)，表示让、叫某人做某事。 The soldier had him stand with his back to his father. 注：否定结构表示“不能让”或“从未有人”. We wont have you blame it on others. She had never had anybody speak to her that way before. (2)现在分词作宾语补足语(have sb.(sth.)doing)，表示让（使）某人做某事。 the two men had their lights burning all night long. (3)过去分词作宾语补足语(have sb. (sth.)done)，表示： 使（让，请）别人作某事，表示的动作是别人做的。 Emperor Qin Shi Huang had all the walls joined up. he should have n