星期4后快乐周末(长喜英语).doc

学英语 找长喜快乐周末阅读点津5大常考题目类型阅读理解部分在考查内容上大致可分为五种类型：事实细节题、推理判断题、主旨大意题、观点态度题、语义理解题。一、事实细节题 事实细节题是针对文章事实和有关细节提问的题型，在阅读理解题中占很大比重，而且也较简单，是容易拿分的部分。该类题型有一个特点：所提问题一般可以在文中直接找到答案，但正确选项大都不会照搬原文，而是用不同的词语或句型对原文信息进行同义转述。具体而言，该类题型主要包括：1直接细节题：指利用词性变换，同义、近义词替换等手段考查对原文细节信息的正确理解的试题，如原文肯定的表达换成否定的；正面与反面表达的转换；原因与结果的转换；条件与目的的转换等。2间接细节题：指隐含的事实细节题，考查对文章展示的细节的综合概括能力，要求考生不仅读懂关键词的意思，还能体味言外之意。3例证题：是考查对列举与举例关系的理解的试题。4排除题：即所给4个选项中有三个符合文章内容，剩下一个不符合。题干中常有Not或Except等词。这种题型多考查并列、列举处细节，但有时也需要整合文章多处细节才能得出答案。事实细节题通常用what，which，why，who，when，how，how many，because，cause，reason，result，true，not true，correct，incorrect，except，not等词语表达。【例1】 （2007年Text B ）87. The writer has mentioned all the following benefits of hitchhiking EXCEPT_.A promoting mutual respect between strangersB increasing ones confidence in strangersC protecting environmentD enriching ones knowledgeSurely this is a good idea for society. Hitchhiking would increase respect by breaking down barriers between strangers. It would help fight global warming by cutting down on fuel consumption as hitchhikers would be using existing fuels. It would also improve educational standards by delivering instant lessons in geography, history, politics and sociology.【解析】选B。排除题。根据题干中allEXCEPT可知原文中没有提到或与原文相矛盾的为答案，即为排除题。由第该段Hitchhikingincrease respectfight global warmingimprove educational standard可排除A、C、D；B文中没有涉及，故为答案。二、推理判断题 推理判断题具有较大的难度，要求考生在理解原文的基础上，根据文章中所阐述的事实细节和上下文的暗示与线索进行综合分析，然后做出推断、引申或得出合情合理的结论。因此，考生须细读原文，尤其是涉及题干内容的地方。不仅要掌握文章的表层意义，还要理解其深层内涵；不仅要掌握言明的观点和倾向，还要获取字里行间的信息。切忌无根无据地随意猜想。在专四的阅读理解中，推理判断题常以局部推断的形式出现，即要求根据原文具体某一句（或几句）、某一段（或几段）话来推断相关的隐含信息。这种题型常用的关键提问词有infer，imply，suggest，show，assume，know，learn，conclude，draw conclusion from等。【例2】 （2008年 Text B ）86. We learn from the passage, all English dictionaries include _.A legends.B mythology. C word origins.D word definitions.Many (but not all) English dictionaries give you a brief indication of a words origins in brackets before or after the explanation of the meaning.【解析】选D。本题考查根据具体句子推断引申含义的能力。文章只在首段第四句提到English dictionaries。该处说很多英语字典（但不是全部）在解释完(一个单词的)意思之前或之后，都会在括号内给出这个词来源的简单提示。由此推断，所有的字典都给出词的解释或定义，故D为答案。三、主旨大意题主旨大意题考查考生对一篇阅读文章中心思想的理解，难度不算高，但其解答的正确与否相当关键，直接决定考生对本篇文章其他试题的解答。主旨题从考查的内容上可分为主题类（考查文章或段落的主旨大意）、目的类（考查文章或段落的写作目的）和标题类（要求考生选出文章的最佳标题）等三种。关键词有main idea，main point，key point，main topic，mainly discuss，mainly explain, mainly about；purpose；best title等。【例3】 （2008年Text B ）89. Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?A Greek and Roman Mythology in Language.B Mythological Origins of English Words.C Historical Changes in Word Meanings.D Mythology and Common Words.In an article some Chinese scholars are described as being “tantalized by.” Tantalized is one of many English words that have their origins in myths and legends of the pastAnother example is the word siren This word also has its origins in Greek mythologyWhen someone speaks of a “jovial mood” or a “herculean effort,” he or she is using words with origins in mythology. 【解析】选B。篇章主旨题。文章每段的开头都提到了word(s)，origins，myths(mythology)等关键词，由此可见B是此文章中心思想的恰当概括。四、观点态度题观点态度题主要考查考生能否正确理解作者写作时所持的观点、写作意图，作者在阐述文章主题时的语气或对他所论述的对象的态度。 观点态度题题干关键词为attitude，而选项中出现的关键词又可以分为以下三组：褒义词positive（赞成的）；supporting（支持的）；praising（赞扬的）；optimistic（乐观的）admiring（羡慕的）；interesting（有趣的）；humorous（幽默的）；serious（严肃的）；enthusiastic（热情的）；pleasant（愉快的）；polite（礼貌的）；concerned（关切的）；sober（冷静的）等贬义词disgusted（感到恶心的，厌恶的）；critical（批评的）；negative（否定的，反对的）；bitter（痛苦的）；cynical（玩世不恭的）；sentimental（感伤的）；emotional（激动的）；angry（气愤的）suspicious（怀疑的）；tolerant（容忍的，忍让的）；impatient（不耐烦的）worried（担忧的）；pessimistic（悲观的）；depressed（沮丧的）；disappointed（失望的）；ironic（讽刺的）；sarcastic（挖苦的）等中性词indifferent（冷淡的，不关心的）；impassive（冷淡的，不动感情的）；uninterested（无兴趣的，不感兴趣的）；ambivalent（情绪矛盾的）；neutral（中立的）；impersonal（不带个人感情的）；subjective（主观的）；objective（客观的）；informative（提供信息的）；impartial（不偏袒的）；apathetic（漠不关心的）【例4】 （2008年Text B ）94. The author sounds in the last paragraph .A impatient B bitterC worried D ironicLike my father, Ill keep the name, but my airport experience has given me a whole new perspective on what diversity and tolerance are supposed to mean. I had no idea that being an American would ever be this hard.【解析】选D。本题考查作者对论述对象的态度。上文中提到作者因名字而被移民局滞留了两次，而末段中她又提到，她从不知道要做一个美国人竟是如此艰难，由此可推测她的话中含有讽刺意味。故D正确。五、语义理解题语义理解题主要测试考生对阅读文章中出现的关键词、短语或句子含义的理解能力。这类问题的设计目的不是考查考生的词汇量，而是从特定的角度考查考生的阅读理解能力和根据上下文推测词义、句意的能力。具体而言，又可以分为以下三种：1文章中替代词所指代的内容。 2句子在上下文中的意思。3超纲生词或词组在文中的意义。提问时，一般问在第几段某词某句意思是什么，或者在原文中将考查的词、句用斜体或下划线标出。这类题型的提示词或词组一般用is，mean，refer to，tell us，to be closest in meaning to，can be replaced by，by saying，means等等。比如： “This” in Paragraph Two refers to . “Either put it to the test yourself.” in Paragraph (11) means_.“The long summers of forgetting take a toll” in the last paragraph but one means _. In “. and all my knowledge of him was limited to occasional meetings about the house, .” (the second paragraph), the word about means _. In the sixth paragraph the sentence “Disney was more or less the genuine article” means that _. The word “spice” in Paragraph Six is closest in meaning to _.【例5】 （2008年Text D ）96. “This” in Paragraph Two refers to _.A insecurity.B sense of failure. C public speaking.D pressure. Public speaking fills most people with dreadWomen hate it most, since girls are pressurized from an early age to be concerned with appearances of all kinds.Most people have plenty of insecurities, and this seems like a situation that will bring them out. If you were under pressure to be perfect, you are terrified of falling in the most public of ways.【解析】选C。本题考查指示代词所指代的内容。第二段首句谈到，大部分人都有很多不安全感，“this”是将这些不安全感全都显现出来的一种情况。联系上下文，极易被A干扰，但仔细阅读，发现该句中的them指代的才是insecurities；this指的是上文已出现过的public speaking，故C正确。哈哈乐园Just Spots A man goes to the eye doctor. The receptionist asks him why he is there. The man complains, “I keep seeing spots in front of my eyes.” The receptionist asks, “Have you ever seen a doctor?” and the man replies, “No, just spots.”只看到斑点 一位男士去看眼科医生。接待员问他有何不适。病人抱怨道；“我一直看到眼前有斑点。”接待员问：“你看过医生了吗?”病人答道：“没看到，只看到斑点。”New DiscoveryA hillbilly was visiting the big city for the first time. Entering an office building, he saw a pudgy older woman step into a small room. The doors closed, lights flashed, and after a while the door slid open and a beautiful young m