安全工程专业论文基于FDS的宿舍火灾模拟分析.docx

基于fds的宿舍火灾模拟分析学 院：海洋科学与工程学院专 业：安全工程 班 级：安全111班 姓 名：唐健 指导教师：焦宇 吴玉剑 完成日期：2014年1月7日1. 宿舍物理参数及模型设计1.1宿舍尺寸宿舍尺寸为5m*4m*3m.宿舍内的可燃物为木头材质的床和椅子表1.正门位置轴minmaxx1.4 m2.6 my-1.05 m-0.75 mz0.0 m2.0 m表2.阳台门位置轴minmaxx1.4 m2.6 my3.9 m4.1 mz0.0 m2.0 m表3.火源位置：轴minmaxx0.3 m0.6 my0.6 m1.0 mz0.0 m1.0 m火源热释放功率为1500kw/.1.2网格划分网格大小为x:40 y:60 z:30. 最小网格尺寸为0.1m*0.1m*0.1m 网格数为720002.模拟控制方案模拟时间为45秒，传感器建在门口高1.8米处，向下每0.4米设置一个传感器，有烟感和温感探测器。3.模拟结果分析3.1温度分析 表4.温度-时间曲线 图1.温度 图2.温度分析:由表4和两张温度温度图可以看出，在着火后的7秒时，室内探测点1的温度就能达到80左右，这时已经超出人的课承受范围，在16秒的时间是，室内的温度快速的上升，在25秒时，室内的平均温度已经达到了60。也就是说在火灾发生的16秒内，人逃离房间受到火焰辐射热度的伤害是很小的。25秒后，火势已经到了不可控制的程度，室内温度很高，由图2局部的温度可达到100以上，这时人将会有生命危险。因此，在室内发生火灾时，上方的温度会升高的很快，人在撤离货疏散时应匍匐行进。3.2烟气浓度分析 表5.烟气浓度-时间曲线 图3.烟气浓度 图4.烟气浓度分析：由表5的烟气浓度-时间曲线看出，从开始着火8秒的时间内，室内的烟气浓度几乎没有变化，但从9秒开始，室内的烟感探头1和2探测的烟气的浓度就开始快速的上升，到了20秒时，距地面1.8m到1.4m的地方，烟气的浓度就有30，这时的空气中的氧气就很少了，人的呼吸就受到了很大的影响，很多的室内火灾中人员的伤亡，大多数都是吸入了大量的烟气导致的中毒或者是窒息死亡的。到了25秒之后，室内的烟气浓度达到了60以上，此时室内的人员生还的可能性很低了。而到了火灾后的29秒时，室内充满了烟气，人员无法逃生。因此，我们可以清楚的看到，在火灾发生的16秒左右的时间，我们应弄湿毛巾，掩住口鼻，匍匐行进，避免吸入烟气，人员逃生存活的可能性还是很大的。从图3和4可以看出，25秒之后室内的可见度很低，烟气弥漫，火灾已不可控制。4.结论从以上的结果我们可以看出，在室内发生火灾的时候，温度升高的很快，而可燃物燃烧后释放出的致命烟气产生的速度也是很快的，因此，如果想要避免受到火灾的伤害，我们应先尽快的控制火灾的蔓延，不要在这过程中心存侥幸心理，耽误时间。其次，如果在无法控制火势蔓延的时候，应快速的撤离火灾现场，保证人身安全，撤离的过程中应将毛巾等弄湿，捂住口鼻，避免吸入有毒有害的烟气，行进时应保持匍匐的姿势，减少火焰高温和烟气的伤害。在平常的生活中，预防火灾是可以通过自身的行动来实现的，比如：1. 学校加强预防火灾的宣传和学习，组织同学们进行火灾疏散演习，让同学们能在火灾发生时做到及时镇定的处理以及自我保护。2. 我们不要使用一些诸如电热毯，大功率的电水壶，热得快，拖线板等具有火灾隐患的电气设备。3. 当我们离开宿舍时，应将电器的插头拔掉，饮水机的加热功能关掉等，避免在五人的情况下发生火灾。4. 不要私自改掉电路的线路，更不要在床上放置拖线板或者点蜡烛之类的危险火源。附：&mesh id=mesh, ijk=40,60,30, xb=0.0,4.0,-1.0,5.0,0.0,3.0/&reac id=polyurethane, fyi=nfpa babrauskas, c=6.3, h=7.1, o=2.1, n=1.0, soot_yield=0.1/&prop id=cleary ionization i1, quantity=chamber obscuration, alpha_e=2.5, beta_e=-0.7, alpha_c=0.8, beta_c=-0.9/&prop id=default, quantity=link temperature, activation_temperature=74.0/&devc id=thcp01, quantity=thermocouple, xyz=2.0,-0.9,1.8/&devc id=thcp02, quantity=thermocouple, xyz=2.0,-0.9,1.5/&devc id=thcp03, quantity=thermocouple, xyz=2.0,-0.9,1.2/&devc id=thcp04, quantity=thermocouple, xyz=2.0,-0.9,0.9/&devc id=thcp05, quantity=thermocouple, xyz=2.0,-0.9,0.6/&devc id=thcp06, quantity=thermocouple, xyz=2.0,-0.9,0.3/&devc id=sd, prop_id=cleary ionization i1, xyz=2.0,0.0,1.8/&devc id=sd02, prop_id=cleary ionization i1, xyz=2.0,0.0,1.4/&devc id=sd03, prop_id=cleary ionization i1, xyz=2.0,0.0,1.0/&devc id=sd04, prop_id=cleary ionization i1, xyz=2.0,0.0,0.6/&devc id=sd05, prop_id=cleary ionization i1, xyz=2.0,0.0,0.2/&devc id=hd, prop_id=default, xyz=2.0,1.0,1.8/&devc id=hd02, prop_id=default, xyz=2.0,1.0,1.4/&devc id=hd03, prop_id=default, xyz=2.0,1.0,1.0/&devc id=hd04, prop_id=default, xyz=2.0,1.0,0.6/&matl id=yellow pine, fyi=quintiere, fire behavior - 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