探讨绿色化学理念在高职院校化学教育中的运用 中英文互译.doc

探讨绿色化学理念在高职院校化学教育中的运用中英文互译discuss the use of the concept of green chemistry in chemical education in higher vocational colleges is in both chinese and english translation绿色化学是指化学反应和过程以“原子经济性”为基本原则，即在获取新物质的化学反应中充分利用参与反应的每个原料原子，在始端就采用实现污染预防的科学手段。绿色化学在过程和终端均为零排放和零污染，是一门从源头阻止污染的化学。它不是被动地治理环境污染，而是主动地防止化学污染，从而在根本上切断污染源，其在节约能源、防治环境污染、保障人类安全与健康等方面，发挥着重要作用。化学教育由理论教学和实验教学两部分组成，高职院校应在化学教育的全过程中实施绿色化学教学，增强学生的绿色化学的意识。green chemistry is refers to the chemical reactions and processes in order to atom economy as the basic principles, namely in acquiring new material of chemical reaction, make full use of each material that will be involved in the reaction atoms in realization of pollution prevention was taken at the beginning of the scientific method. green chemistry in process and end all for zero emissions and zero pollution, is a chemical from the source to prevent pollution. it is not passively control environment pollution, but actively to prevent chemical contamination, thus fundamentally to cut off the pollution sources, the energy conservation, prevention and control of environmental pollution, human security and health, etc., play an important role. chemical education consists of two parts, theory teaching and experimental teaching of higher vocational colleges should implement green chemistry in chemistry education in the whole process of teaching, enhance students awareness of green chemistry. 理论教学中的绿色化学教育green chemistry education in the theoretical teaching 在理论上要实施绿色化学教学，首先要培养学生的绿色化学意识。这就要求教师必须有强烈的绿色意识，只有具备了绿色化学意识才能产生积极的行为效果，才能对学生进行指导，从而使绿色化学的理念渗透到学生的思想中。因此，高职院校化学教师对于绿色化学的有关知识要有充分的了解和掌握，并且要将知识运用到实验教学中，在潜移默化中培养学生的绿色化学意识，让学生充分理解并接纳绿色化学知识。绿色化学理念提倡的是教学手段的现代化以及教学方法多样性。因此，要将现代化的教学手段运用到化学教学中，要开展多媒体教学，利用多媒体技术，将绿色化学理念通过图、文、声、像和三维动画等方式展现出来。to implement green chemistry teaching in theory, first of all to cultivate students consciousness of green chemistry. this requires the teacher must have a strong sense of green, only have the consciousness of green chemistry to produce positive effect, can undertake to the student guide, so that the concept of green chemistry penetrated into the minds of students. chemistry teachers in higher vocational colleges, therefore, for the knowledge about green chemistry to have a fully understanding and mastering, and applying knowledge to the experiment teaching, cultivate students consciousness of green chemistry in the osmosis, lets the student understand and fully accept green chemistry knowledge. green chemistry concept advocated by diversity is the modernization of teaching means and teaching methods. therefore, to application of modern teaching methods in chemistry teaching, to develop multimedia teaching, using multimedia technology, the concept of green chemistry through map, text, sound, image and 3 d animation, etc. 实验教学中的绿色化学教育green chemistry education in the experimental teaching 1.采用微量化实验，实现资源节约1. the trace amount experiment was adopted in order to realize resource conservation 微型化学实验是近年来新兴的一种化学实验方法，是指在微型化的实验装置中，尽可能少的采用试剂来获取化学结果，这种方法能使得中间生成物的转移的过程尽可能的减少。微型化学实验的优点是现象明显、节约实验材料、节省实验时间、减少污染、实验效果好、安全且携带方便。一般情况下，微型实验的试剂量是常规实验试剂量的1/101/1000，与绿色化学的宗旨完全吻合，因此，应该大力提倡并且给予实施。高职院校应该在保证实验现象明显、实验效果好的前提下开展微型化学实验，在实验中用常量仪器降低试剂的浓度，以及试剂的用量尽可能的降到最低。如与原来的实验相比，乙酰水杨酸实验微型化、乙酸乙酯合成实验微型化试剂的用量减少了l/10l/5，也缩短了实验时间。微型化学实验一方面降低了经济成本，另一方面还具有环保价值。miniature chemistry experiment is emerging in recent years, a method of chemical experiment is to point to in experimental device miniaturization, as less as possible by reagent for chemical as a result, this method can make the transfer of the intermediate product of the process of reducing as much as possible. micro chemical experiment phenomenon is obvious, the advantages of saving experiment material, save time, reduce pollution, experimental effect is good, safe and convenient to carry. generally, the micro experiment try dose is routine test dose of 1/10 1/1000, and the perfect fit for the purpose of the green chemistry, therefore, should be vigorously advocated and implemented. is clearly higher vocational colleges should ensure experiment, experiment is the premise to carry out the miniature chemical experiment with good effect, reduce the concentration of the reagent used constant in experiment instrument, and the dosage of reagent as far as possible to a minimum. as compared with the original experiment, acetylsalicylic acid and miniaturization, ethyl acetate synthesis experimental miniaturization reagent dosage decreased l / 10 l / 5, and shortens the experimental period. micro chemical experiment on the one hand, reduces the economic cost, on the other hand also has the environmental protection value. 2.尽量选择系列化实验、串联实验或组合实验2. try to choose a series experiment, series, or combination experiment 选择系列化实验、串联实验或组合实验有利于实验产物或中间产物循环使用。用前一实验的产物作为后一实验的反应物，以减少试剂用量和环境污染。如乙醇系列实验：工业酒精-95%的乙醇-乙酸乙酯-乙酸乙酯皂化反应速率常数测定及乙酸乙酯-乙酰乙酸乙酯-苯甲酰乙酸乙酯；乙酰水杨酸系列。在合成实验“硅钨酸催化合成乙酰水杨酸”中，学生合成的产品粗品可以为基本操作实验“重结晶”之用，学生精制以后的乙酰水杨酸纯品又可为基本操作实验“熔点的测定”之用，同时又可为薄层层析实验所用，如条件允许，还可以作为样品进行红外吸收光谱测定实验。在“乙二酸绿色合成与表征”实验中，对合成的乙二酸粗产品可作为“重结晶”实验的原料；重结晶后的产物既可以作为“熔点测定”实验及“酸碱滴定”实验的试剂，又可以作为“有机元素分析”实验的样品。select series experiment, series, or combination experiment is beneficial to product or intermediate cycle use. with an experiment before product as reactants after the experiment, in order to reduce reagent consumption and environmental pollution. such as ethanol series experiment: industrial alcohol - 95% ethanol - acetic acid ethyl ester - determination of acetic ether saponification reaction rate constant and ethyl acetate, ethyl acetoacetate benzoyl acetic acid ethyl ester; acetyl salicylic acid series. in synthetic experiment of silicotungstic acid catalyst in synthesis of acetyl salicylic acid, in the students synthetic product coarse can recrystallization as the basic operating experiment, students after refining of acetyl salicylic acid is tasted but also as the basic operating experimental determination of the melting point, and also can be used for thin-layer chromatography experiment, if conditions allow, also can be used as infrared absorption spectrometric experimental samples. in oxalic acid green synthesis and characterization of experiments, the synthetic oxalic acid crude product can be used as the recrystallization experiment of raw material; after recrystallization product of both can be used as a melting point determination experiment and acid-base titration experimental reagent, and can be used as experimental samples of organic elements analysis. 3.重视“三废”处理，实现污染最低化3. attaches great importance to the three wastes treatment, realize the minimization of pollution 绿色化学的宗旨是从源头上对污染进行阻止，因此，应该用化学的方法对实验室的“三废”进行处理，采取回收再利用的举措。一方面实现了绿色化学的理念，另外一方面节约了实验开支。在进行绿色化学教学过程中，应该将重视“三废”处理，实现污染最低化作为高职院校绿色化学教学的一个重要原则。从学生刚开始接触实验室时，就应该将“三废”不经处理直接排放造成的危害渗透到学生的意识里，树立高职院校学生绿色化学的理念，养成良好的实验习惯。另外，在实验教学中，要增加研究实验后废弃物无害化的处理这一环节，使得学生对于回收实验废弃物有足够的重视，实现废弃物的循环再利用，从而将污染控制到最低。如常见有机溶剂的回收利用，废气的吸附，校园雨水酸度的测定及水质净化，含重金属实验废液的分类回收处理等实验。这些实验贴近实际生活，在实验过程中能激发学生学习的兴趣和积极性，能加强学生的绿色化学的意识。aim of green chemistry to prevent pollution from the source, therefore, should use the chemical method of three wastes treatment of the laboratory, adopting recycling efforts. on the one hand, on the other hand realized the concept of green chemistry experimental expenditure has been saved. on green chemistry teaching process, should pay attention to three wastes treatment, realize a minimum pollution into of green chemistry teaching in higher vocational colleges is an important principle. from students just begin to contact the laboratory, it should be three wastes discharge without treatment directly effects of penetration to the students consciousness, build up the idea of green chemistry in higher vocational colleges students, and develop good experimental habits. in addition, in the experimental teaching, to increase the waste harmless handling this link after experiment, makes the students pay enough attention to for the recycling experiment of waste, to achieve the recycling of waste, to control pollution to the minimum. common organic solvents such as recycling, gas adsorption, campus determination of rain acidity and water quality purification, containing heavy metals recycling waste liquid processing experiments. these experiments close to the real life, in the experimental process can stimulate students interest in learning and motivation, can strengthen students awareness of green chemistry. 4.采用多媒体辅助教学，实现化学实验绿色化4. using multimedia assisted teaching, green chemistry experimental teaching was realized 多媒体技术在化学实验中的运用和发展对于自然资源的保护以及降低实验环境的污染具有重要作用。多媒体技术能将设备比较复杂、反应速度慢以及操作条件苛刻或者是一些常规实验无法开展的实验用生动的多媒体形式展现在学生的眼前，寓教于乐，增加学生学习的积极性。另外，对于有一些药品消耗量大或易燃易爆、操作不易控制或者是环境污染严重的实验，在教学过程中，可以用多媒体进行模拟演示实验，这样既完成了教学任务，还将绿色化学的教学理论渗透到了化学实验教学的过程中。如芳烃和卤代烃的性质实验，改用计算机模拟教学，无污染，实验现象明显，教学效果显著。use and development of multimedia technology in the chemical experiment in the protection of natural resources and reduce the pollution of environment plays an important role. multimedia technology to equipment is complicated, slow reaction and harsh operating conditions or conventional experiment cannot be carried out in the form of a vivid multimedia show the sight of students in learning, increase the enthusiasm of students learning. also, for some drugs consumption big or flammable and explosive, the operation is not easy to control or experiments, serious environme