异化文学翻译中有效的文化传递策略.txt

-l r - ; ; _- _: i:z 10225 202449 foreignation:aneeffctivestrategyinculturaltransefrin literayrtranslation acasestudyoftwoenglishversionsofhngloung : ath515 submittedto tllecollegeofforeignlanguages ofdonghuauhversity inpartialfulfilment0fmaster0farts dongll underthesupervisionof professorzhangqun january2005 :硣 : :-_ İ 涨 棬 _顣 : : aeknowledgements 1amgreatlyindebtedtoallhtosewhohavehelpedmeinfinishing mythesis.mysineerenaddeepgratiutdeshould90firsttomy spuevrisorporefssorzhnagqunwhoalwyasinspiresmebyoeffring insihgtuflsuggestionsdurnightewholeprocessofmythesiswriting. iwouldalsoletoextendmyhtankstosomeproefssorsofforeign lnauggaescollegeofdonhguauniversiytespeciallyproefssorzhou zhongnaporefssornyaonadproefssorzhnagqunbai(rfomeast chnianomralurilvesriyt)rfomwhoseelcotres1bneetfialot. 1maespeeiallygrateufltomyafmilyofrhteriearenadlovedurnig myposgtraudaetsutdynadofrhteirnispirationdurnigmythesiswriting. abstract thishtesis15mainlyaboutrtanslationsrtategiesusedniliterayr rtnaslation.thediseussion15eenteredonwtoenglishversionsofhdnglou ng:aderamofrednsoinstranslatedbyngxlanylnadglas ng(thewriteruseshtengsinhtemainboofhtishtesis)nadthe ofthestonertanslatedbydvaidhwakesnadjohnminofdr(the writeruseshawkesinhtemainboofhtehtesis).theerasonofrhte writertoehooselietrayrrtnaslationashteobjectofdiseussion15htatliterayr workseontalnmanyeulutralelementshtatareuniuqetoaeountyrora nation.it15beeuaseofhteesteneeofmanyeulurtalelementshtatliterayr rtnaslationdrwasmoreattentionorfmmanyrtnaslatorsaswellasmnay readers.andalsobeeuaseofhteexisteneeofeulutralelemenisliterayr rtnaslation15eonsiderednotonlyashteexehnagebetweenwtolnaugages butalsoashteexehnagebeenewtoeulurtes. lnauggaenadeuluteraerinseparable.nolnagugaeenaexistwithouthte eontextofculutre;nadnoeulreenaestwithouthvaingnaturallnaugage asitscenter(bassnnet2004:22).trnaslationoecurringbewteenwto lanuggaesennaotbedoneorsutdiedwihtoutregardofitsculutraleontext. translation15acorssculurtalpraetiee.oneofitsmainpuproses15to developculutralexehnage.50toproperlyrtnaslatehteeulutralelementsin literayrwokrs15naimportantpartoflietrayrrtnaslation. it15commonlyagreedthathteerarewtosrtategiesindealingwiht eulutarlelementsintrnaslation:ofreingizationnaddomestieation. foreingization15soureecultureorientedwhiledomestication15 targetcultureoriented.whlchone15morepaprporiate?formanyyears peoplehvaenotreaehedanagreementonhtisponti.sutdiednadeompared rfomdiefferntperspectivestherelationshipbewteenhtesetwostartegiesena beveyrdieffrent.thewriterhcoosesaperspeetiveofeulturaltransefrto ustdyhtesewtosrtategiesnaddrwasaenoclusionhtatofreingllon15moer eeffetivenieulutralrtnasef.rthestudynadnaalysisarebasedonhte naalysisofalargemaountofxemaplesrfomhte0englishversinosof hongloumeng.buttoadvoeaetoferingizationdoesnotexeludehteuseof domestieation.domestieation15neeessayrofreeanitypesoftexstofra eeartingorpuofreaderswihtlittleowledgeofhtesourcelnauggaenad eulutrenadofrsomeeotflentshtateannotbeundesrtoodorwilleuase misunderstnadingsifrtnaslatedbyofreization.ohterwodrs domestieation15aneeessayrsupplemenatyrmethodotoferingization. inmmusayrhteelementshtatinfluencehtehcoiceofoferingizationafll iniowtoaspeest:eulturalnadnonuclurtal.culurtalelemenstineufdehtat ofreingizationenasatisyfthereadersneedtoowofreigneulutresnadean bettervaoideulutral1055.noneulutralelementsineludethatofreingization fitshteprineipleofafihtuflnessnadfitstheaimofliterayrtranslation. theadvoeacyofoferingizationsetshighersatndardofrhtertnaslators. theyarenotonlymediatorsbetweenwtolnaguagesbutalsomediators bewteenwtoeules.thustheyaresupposedtonotonlyhvaeagood eomnrnadofhtewtolnaugagesinvolvedinrtnaslationbutalsohaveagood understnadingofhtewtocules. words:ofreingizationdomestieationliterayrrtnaslationersistnaee ove-rofreingizationeulurtal1055. . ( 2004:22) 黯 飬黯顣 黯黯壬 黯 ; 漰 :黯 contents intorducti0n.1 chapteronetranslationasacrosseujturalpractiee.4 lnaguagenadculurte.4 trnaslationnaduclutralrtnasefr l2.1.1 chapter00strategiesindealingwithculturalelements10 2.1.foreization2.1.1.fomrsofoferingziatino.lietarltranslatninliertalrtnaslatoinwhtiofoniotes.trnaslietration.22d0mesticati0n.12.2.1fonnsofdomestieationparpahrasing.22replacmenetadditionnadomission2.3aocmpariosnheeneoferitlonnaddomesctiation.25chaptertheerfoerginatio:nnsnecessiyt313.1culurtalelemenstinfluencinghetehoieeofofrelaztion31 3.1.1thenedeotowoferingculries.31 3.1.2tlleneedotvaoidcultural10ss34 thenot10nofculturalloss.34 3.122reasonsofcultural10ss.35 3.122.1unrtanslaatbi1iyt.35 3.12.22d0mesticatoin37 3.12.23oveoferition38 3.2otherelementsiduencingtheehoieeofofreingization.40 3.2.1ittfishteprincplieofafithufhiessnirtnaslatino.40 322ittfistheaimofletirayrrtnaslatino.43 chapterfourforeignation:aneeffetviestrateinculturaltransefr46 4.1ndiasclassificationofculture.6 4.2aeasesutdyof0englishversionsofhongloung.46 .42.1ecoolgy46 4.2.2materialcu1utre.48 .4.23socialuc1urte.49 .4.24religiouscu1utre.50 .4.25lniugistcicuhuer51 chapterfvielimitationsnitheuseoffoeringsiation.54 5.1lliniattinosinhteuseofoferign1zation54 5.1.1oveofreingization54 standardofjudgemeni.55 5.1.2liattionoferadesraccpenatce56 5.2domestciationasasuppelmenatyrstrategytooferignization.56 c0ndusi0n.59 bbiliography.;61 vii introduetion introduction ashtetitlesuggestshtishtesis15maiyabouttrnaslationstrategiesusedinliterary rtnaslation.literayrtrnaslation15dieffrenirfomotherkindsofrtanslationinthatliterary worksusuallyeonatlnmnayeulurtalelemenst.aliterarywokrenausuallyreflecthtesoeial nadeuluartlsiuattionofasoeiyetjustlikeholoumeng().anohterreasonofr meotehooseliterarytnarslation15thatliterayrwokrsaremoreeoneemedwiththe teehoiquesofltingnaddeseriptionsofpeopleorseenes.andaeeordinglyhtefieldof ltiertranslationdrwasmoerattentionorfmrtnaslatorsrtnaslationtheoristsnadredaers. ngloungisoneofhtegreatestwokrsofchina.genearllyitiseonsideredhtat htefirst80ehtersweerwrittenbycaoxueqni()nadhtelast40ehtersweer 6nishedbygoae().ti15eonsideredtobeamlniatureofchineseeulorteofhte18ht eenutyrnadnaencyelopediaofchineseefudalsoeie.ytin5novelveeyreulnrialdeatil 15deseribedvividlyorfmhtesoeialesattesyestmothtesysetmoftheextendedafnllly orfmreligionnadphilosophyotpoetierhytunlsnadallusionsorfmelohtestohousehold utensilsorfmarhcitecltrietoreeipesnadmedieine50onnad50ofhrt.ithasreachedhte pekaofchineseclassiealnovelsnadveenhetpekaofchineseelassiealliteratuer.thouhg someofthesoeialnadeulttrialsystemsareoutofdatenowmnayaerstillatwokr.50to erdahdngloung15agoodwayofrpeoplewhowantotknowbaoutchineseeulurte bohtinefudalsoeieytnadtod.yahoweverudeothtertemendouseulutralelementsthe rtnaslationofhtisnovel15byallmenasadiffiucltone. thenovelenjoysahistoyrofmoerthna0hundredyears.itsinflueneehasgone beyondchinanadwonofndnessofpeopleorfmalloverhteworld.ithasbeenrtanslated bymnayrtnaslatosrnadntiovariouslnaugages.amongthevariousversionsit15widely acknowledgedhtatti0englishversionssstdoutasthemostiuential.one15aderam ofrednsionstrnaslatedbyhtengs;theohter15thestoyrofthestonertnaslatedby illlroduction davidhavkcs. the95regardafithuflnessashtemostimporlntprineiplehtatartnaslation15 spuposedtoofllownadtheyholdhtatatrnaslation15supposedotredalikeatranslation. thycaerdevotedtoinrtodueingchineseeultuerothtewest.nitrnaslatingaderamof rednsoinshteymaiulydaoptaoferizingmhetodtogehterwihtadomestieating methodasaspuplementnadyrthteirbesttortanserfchineseeulrieothtewestasit15. theyareafmiliarwihtchineseeulurtenadhetirtrnaslationofnglounghasvividly inrtodueedchineseeulutretohtewesetmpeople.thoughhtereaersomedeefetsnihteir translationwhieh15unvaoldableinnayrtnaslationhetriernderingofadermaofred nsoins15asuccessuflone.ti15afihtuflothteoringialintemrsofbohtsytlenad eulluraleolllloattion. todvaidhwkesnaenglihssinologisttiissuerlyahardjobottrnas1aethonglou .ngbutniacfthedoesveyrwell.hemaliliyda0pstadomesticatingmhetod.his rtnaslationhteoyrmyabesomewhatslmllarwihthtatofnida.healsoboldshtathte poreessofrtanslation15aporeessofeonuneatnig.hispuprose15otlethetwestem redaersgethtesmaereactionashtechnieseerdaers(2001:249).hisnartslation hasalsoenjoyedagoodersponseorfmhteweestmredaesraswellasorfmsomeerities.it hasitsowndavnalgesit5easyofrhetwesetmpeopletoredenadundersnatdnadits lnaguage15beuatiufl.eannotdenyhtathaesanslationdoeseonrtibuteoteulttrial rtnasefrnadsomepartsoftheirtranslationaerwonde1.buteomparedhthtengs versioniteuasesmoereulrialloss. whlehvesrion15perefrable?whiehstrategy15morepaporpriaettortnasefreulurtal elemenisoferingizingmehtodordomestieatingmehtod?theietrholdshtatrfomhte perspeetiveofdevelopnigeulurtalxechnageespeeiallyinlitertrtnaslationoferizing method15moerereollullendallle.thlspoint15whathtewriter15toporvenihtehtesis.a lotofexplesrfomhte0versionswillbeemployedtoillusrtatehtewriter5pointofinrtoduetion vicv. inehpateronehtewriterinrtodueestherelationshipbewteenlnaguagenadeulurte nadtheeloserelationshipbeeentranslationnadeulurtereaehinghteeonelusionhtat trnaslation15aerossculurtalpraetiee.culutraltransefr15oneofhtemostimportant netionsoftnarslation.culutralutmintranslationsutdiesthatpapeaerdinhet1980515 alsoiniordueedinhtisehpaet.r foreignizationnaddomestieationareb0srtategiesthataremaiulydaopetdbyhte ngsnaddvaidhawkesrespeetivelyinhtertnaslationofhongloungnadare eonsideredastwomainsrtategiesindealnigwihtucnialelemenisinrtanslation.hi ehpater0htewriterintrodueeshtese0srtategieshteirerpseetivetheoreticalbasis hteirrepresentlivesnadtheirrperesenattiveofmrs.thewriteralsomkaesaeomparison betweenhtesetwostrategies. inehpaetrthreebohteulhrialelemenstnadno-neulrialelemenishtatilfluneeehte ehoieeofofering1zationaerdisucssed.thewritererachesheteonclusionhtat ofrelgzationenabettersatisyfhteerdaersneedotknowofreingeulltriesvoaideulhrial 1055meetthestandardofinessnaduflfilltheaofletiraryrtnaslation. chpaterofur15aeasesutdyofhet0englishversionsofhongloungaeeodrnig tonida5elassifieationofeulrie.someexplesrfomhet0versionswillbeemployed inodrertoporvehteeeffetivenessofoferlgnlaztionniuclrialrtansef.r inehapterfivehtewriterinrtodueessomelimiattionsnihetuseofofreignilonni literarytranslation.beeauseofhteselimiattionstrnaslatorsneedotdaoptdomestieationas aspuplementarysrtaetgy. fromthenaalysisofhteabovefivehcpatesrhtewrlterdrawshteeonelusionhtatits betterofratrnaslatortodaoptoferlgnizationinoulerotdevelopeulnrialexehnagemore eeffetivel.yandniodrertovaoidove-rofrelgnizationartnaslator15epxeectdtodaopt domestieationasaspuplemenatyrmethod.chapteronetslationasacrosseulutarlparetiee chapterone translationasacrosseulturalpractice culurte15nanacieniword.fromveyrearlyinhistoyrpeoplebegnatodefinenad ustdyit.culurtalexehnagebegnaveenearlie.rgarduallypeoplebegnatonotieehte relationshipbewteenlnaguageandculurte.andwhenrtnaslationasoneofthemenasof eulurtalexehnageappearedtheyfirstingorednadseomeditbeoferhteyhadtoaeeeptnad sutdyit.butpeople5attitudestowdartranslationweerehnagingastimeweni.foralong periodoftlinepeopletookaseientificdetowardrtnaslationustdies.inohterwords anslationwassutdiedlinstieall.yinhtiseasertnaslationvvaseonsideredasa transmrationbewteenwotlanguagesymbolsndapeoplehatuhgthtatonewihta dictionathnadeouldtranslaet.aeeodringlyhetsatutsofrtanslationnadslatorswas veyrlownadnotrespeetedbyhtesoeiet.ybutnowpeoplehvaenotieedhteimpotorle htatrtanslationplyasineulurtalrtnasef.ralongwihthtisehnageofattutidehteerappeaerd eulrialotmnirtnaslationsutdiesinhtewestnihte19805dmoernadmoerpeople etndotputtrnaslationstudiesinaeulnrialeicrmusnatee.slation15aocrssuclurtal practleenad15naeeffetivestrategyintransefngeulurte. 1.1languageandeulture asorfeulurtehterearevariousdefinitionsgivenbydlrentshcolars.aally aceoulingtoasmmuaryofthedefinitionsofeulriemadebyamerienanathropologists alerfdlouisnadclydeueohnin1952thereare164defitionsnadhteygvaehte 165htone(kaln2004:16).butmaong50mnaydefinitionsmaybenoone15eompletely satisafeto.yrenglishseholare.b.tylorgvaeoneofhtemostelassiealnadiuential definitionsin1871.heregardedeulrieasateomplexwholewhichnieludeschpateronetrnaslationasacrosseultura!practiee knowledgebeliefartmoralseustomnadnayohterepaabilitiesnadhbaistaequierdby mnaasamemberofsoeieyt(1999:27).nidaseemsotaeeepta51ledenfiition ofeulurteasthetoatliytofbeliesfnadparetieesofasoeieytida2001:78).peter nevlllarkdemfeseuleasthewyaofliefnaditsmnaiefstationsthatarepeeuliartoa eonunytthatusesapartieularlnaguageasistmenasofxepressionemwark2001: 94).intransalotsrorughiisotyrjenadelislenadjudihto/odswohrtarguehtathtere aertwokindsofeulurtesnmaelyhihgeulurtewhiehgeneratesowledgenadpopular eulurtewhihcrtnasmitsdremas.hihgeulurte15aequiredthroughleamnigwhilepopular eulttriepemreaetsourmemoyrnadaetions.bohthihgeuluternadpopulareuluxteproduee mythssteerotpyesnadsymbols(delislenado/odswohrt1995:191).gailrobinson orfmhetcenterofrlnaugagenadcorsseulttalskillsnisnafrnaeiseohasgroupedhte vousdefiutlionsinto0bascilveels:exetmalnadintemalasnihteofllownig: culturedefinitionsrelatingto .externalbehaviorslanugagegestureseustoms/habits produets1iteraturefolkloreartmusieartefaets .internalideasbeliefsvaluesinstitutions (davidkatan2004:17) enaseehtatalmostailhtedefinitionsgivenatfertylorassunllnarizednaddivided bygailrobinsonhvaenotgonebeyondtylor5definition.butgailrobinson5division ofuclrieseemsmoreexplieit. thoughpeopledonotagreehteachohetronhtedefinitionofeulnetheydonot hvaedivegreneeonhtepointhtatlnaguage15nanispearablepartofeulurte.aeeordingto marysnellhonrbygemrnaseholaritwaseliinllvonhmuboldt(17671835)who mdaetheviatleonneetionbewteenlnaguagenadeulurtelnaguagenadbhevaio.rforchapteronetrslationasacmsseu!utarlpraetice hmuboldtlnagugaevassomehtingdynnlenaaetiviytratherthnaasattieinventoyrof itemsashteporductofactivi.ytathtesmaetimelnaguage15naexperssionbohtofhte eulurtenadhteindividualiytofhtespekaerwhopeereivestheworldthrough lnaguage(snellhomb2001:40).lnaguage15hetprimyarmenasbywhichaculurte tnarsmitsitsbeliesfvaluesnadnomrs.aeenutyrlaterthrouhghteirsutdiesofailleriena dnidlnalnauggaesedwardsparinadbnejmanicnoculdehtatlnaugagenotoniy sevresasameehsmofreornlnueationbutasaguideotsoeialreali.ytthis15what15 ealledsi-rorfhypothesis(1989:158).toputitspllnaguage15apartof eulurtenad15eeerofeuluert;eulurte15delyrooetdnilnaguage(1999: ).englishseholarsusnabassnetthasavividmepathordeseribinghteinseparbale erlationshipbebeenlnagigenadeulturelnaguagethen15hteheartthinhtebody ofeulttedit15hteniteractionbeeenhte0htatersultsnihtecontinuatlonof liefenergyb(assnett2004:22).andsheeontinuesoteompaerartansloatr5wokrht ofasurgeon:inhtesmaewayhtesurgeonopeartnigonhteheartennaotnegleethte bosoundsti50htertnasloatrrteatsthetextniisolationorfmhteucleathis peril(ibid.). thedefinitionsofculnrieimpylhtateulrie15abordaeonepet.it15diefferntorfm eounyrtoteountyrorfmnationtonationnadevenorfmergiontoergion.formthe erlationsllipbetieenlnagiajgenadeulltrieweenafindhtatnirtanslationit15notenouhg ofrrtanslatorsotbeporfieinetinwtolnaguageshteyaeralsoexpectedothvaeaeulrtal perspectivei.e.hetyaersuppo