The Wine Culture Between China and Western Countries.docx

the wine culture between china and western countriesabstractthe wine，which plays an important role in the daily life, is familiar to human beings. peoples life becomes colorful with it. as regards the wine culture, there exists difference between china and the western countries. the raw material and drinking custom is different in terms of geography. there also exist similarities. both china and western countries have some beautiful legends about the origin of wine and the symbol wine of spirit, leading to the birth of romanticism and the development of mainstream belief. the development of world wine culture depends on the intercommunication of different nations. thus, communicating with other nations is helpful and indispensable to the development of wine culture. three methods can be done to promote intercommunication. nowadays, as we know, globalization is inevitable, so is the intercommunication of wine culture between countries.introductionthe wine as an objective substance in the world is in the shape of water but it has the character of fire. it will brighten the bright and fool the fool. people, such as the emperors, the heroes, the liberators, the ordinary people, the beggars and the like, all like it since it appeared. undoubtedly, the wine can be said as a riddle. people no matter in china or in western countries all have the habit of drinking wine. they regard drinking wine as an indispensable part of life. the formation way of wine culture is different in different countries. in china, the word for alcohol jiu” is used to refer to all types of alcoholic beverages. since long time ago china had have the stories about du kang who invented the method of brewing wine. a legend in western countries about the origin of wine is also spread. the wine culture was gradually formed after the appearing of wine. the phrase the wine culture is put forward by the renowned economist professor li in china. in 1994, xiao jiacheng said that the wine culture referred to the integration of material, technical, spiritual, custom, psychological, and behavior phenomenon which generated around the center. while we pride ourselves on the long history of wine culture we only to find that we depend excessively on the traditional wine culture .as a result we can not make any innovation.there is no development and progress without innovation. in this case, we can learn from the western countries. there are varied types of wine with different raw materials, such as gin, whisky, vodka, rum, and brandy. even the cocktail which appeared later is confected based on some types of the wine. it is generally acknowledged that china is far away from the western countries. as a result, the way to drink is different. even in china, there is also some difference between nationalities on the way to drink. there is also some similarities of wine culture between china and western countries although the difference exists. for example, both china and western countries have a beautiful legend about the origin of wine. the development of wine spirit accompanied with wine culture. while wine culture developed to a certain degree, schools of ideology came into being. in order to push the development of wine culture we should do our utmost to promote the international communication of the wine culture. ithe difference and similarities of wine culture in china and in western countriesa.the difference of wine culture1. the materials china is one of the three ancient countries in the world and has thousands of years of history to brew wine. today, china is also famous for its masterly technology and distinctive style of wine and is more renowned for the long history and profound culture. the world people gradually realized the great value of wine culture of china as the rapid development of chinese wine since the foundation of china. in china, the word for alcohol jiu is used to mean all types of alcoholic beverages, from pijiu(beer) to liquors (just called jiu) to grape wine (putaojiu). the origins of the alcoholic beverages from fermented grain in china can not be traced definitely. the distilled drink was not popular until the 19th century. traditionally, chinese distilled liquors are consumed together with food rather than drunk on their own. the wine can be generally classified into two types, namely, yellow liquors (huangjiu) or clear (white) liquor (baijiu). the yellow liquor is fermented wine that is brewed directly from grains such as rice or wheat. such liquor contains less than 20% alcohol due to the inhibition of fermentation by ethanol at this concentration. this wine is traditionally pasteurized，aged, and filtered before their final bottling for sale to consumers. yellow liquor can also be distilled to produce white liquor or baijiu. white liquor (baijiu) are also commonly called shaojiu, which means hot liquor or burned liquor, either because of the burning sensation in the mouth during consumption and the fact that they are usually warmed before being consumed, or because of the heating requirements for distillation liquors of this type typically contain more than 30% alcohol in volume since they have undergone distillation. there are a great many varieties of distilled liquors, both unflavored and flavored. there are a large number of types of famous chinese liquors and wines familiar to us, such as:1.1. feng jiu- this wine was dated back to northern and southern dynasties (5500 a.d.). it is the original chinese white wine made from sorghum. alcohol content by volume: 63-65%.1.2. zhu ye qing jiu- this wine is fen jiu brewed with a dozen or more of selected chinese herbal medicine. one of the ingredients is bamboo leaves which give the wine a greenish color and its name. alcohol content by volume: 46%.1.3. mao tai jiu- this wine has a production history of over 200 years. it is named after its origin at mao tai town in guizhou province. it is made from wheat and sorghum with a unique distilling process that involves seven iterations of the brewing cycle. this wine is famous to the western world when the chinese government served this in state banquets entertaining the us presidents. alcohol content by volume: 54-55%.1.4. gao liang jiu- gao liang is the chinese name for sorghum. besides sorghum, the brewing process also use barley, wheat etc. the wine was originated from da zhi gu since the ming dynasty. nowadays, taiwan is a large producer of sorghum. alcohol content by volume: 61-63%. mei gui lu jiu(rose essence wine)-a variety of sorghum with distilling from a special species of rose and crystal sugar. alcohol content by volume: 54-55%.1.5. wu jia pi jiu- a variety of guo liang jiu with a unique selection of chinese herbal medicine added to the brewing. alcohol content by volume: 54-55%.1.6. da gu jiu- originated from sichuan province with 300 years of history. this wine is made of sorghum and wheat by fermenting in a unique process for a long period in the cellar. alcohol content by volume: 52%.1.7. yuk bing shiu jiu- a rice wine with over 100 years history. it is made of steamed rice and stored a long period after distillation. alcohol content by volume: 30%.1.8. shuang jing(double distillation) and san jing(triple distillation) jiu-two varieties of rice wine by distilling twice and three times respectively. alcohol content by volume: 32% and 38-39% respectively.san hua(three flowers) jiu - a rice wine made in gui lin with allegedly over a thousand years history. it is famous for the fragrant herbal addition and the use of spring water from mount elephant in the region. alcohol content by volume: 55-57%.1.9. fujian glutinous rice wine- made by adding a long list of expensive chinese herbal medicine to glutinous rice and a low alcohol rice wine distillation. the unique brewing technique uses another wine as raw material. the wine has an orange red color. alcohol content by volume: 18%.1.10. hua diao jiu- a type of yellow wine originates from shaoxing, zhejiang. it is made of glutinous rice and wheat. alcohol content by volume: 16%.this is the raw material of wine in china. in western countries, the types of wine are varied so is the raw materialqinjiu(gin), the first action of a special purpose for the spirits. sylvius docter, maker of this wine, was a professor of medicine well known in the netherlands to dayton university in the 17th century. he knew that the oil of cadinene strawberry contained an element of diuretic which together with pure ethanol distillation to obtain cheaper diuretic drugs, and he succeeded finally. not only medicine but it is a new species of wine.qinjiu types: the unique and different formula of qinjiu used by the distillery. qinijiu can be divided into 4 types according to brands, types, production.netherlands qinjiu(holland) or (dutch gin), the taste is sweet accompanied with hot no matter it is pure to drink or to drink plus some ice. the two cases are both very tasty. it is basically made from malt. the flavor came from strawberry. it adds ice and a piece of lemon which is the best alternative of dry martini.london qinjiu(tom gin) or (london gin): the sweet london qinjiu is made with malt and grain as raw materials and primary products.joseph bournemouth qinjiu: it is similar to london qinjiu although with different flavor.british qinijiu: this wine is not sweet and has not the original savor. the difference british and the united states is an important factor. the british qinjiu has lower alcohol after distillation but it retains more grain characteristics of loe alcohol distillation. secondly, the water, of course, britain and the united states are different. which mutually affect the characteristics of the technique and distilled spirits.whiskythe characteristics of whiskey: whiskey is made from the smashed fermentation and distillation of grains and then placed into a barrel. although any cereal can be used to brew whiskey, the most important materials are corn, hushed wheat, and barley.the origin of whiskey: at present, four major producing areas, namely, scotland, ireland, canada and the united states. most of these areas have produced whiskey named its origin in addition to bourbon whisky and the united states blending whisky(blended scotch) and light customers(scotch whiskeythe types whiskey: scotch whisky, single malt whiskey, irish whiskey, tennessee whiskey, canadian whiskeybrandybrandys character: brandy is a mixture of fermentation and distillation of fruit juice and residue. distilled alcohol content is less than 95% in order to retain its flavor and aromatic character.cognac brandy: cognac is a kind of brandy wine distilled from wine in cognac, french. it named by the french government law. lyme wine (rum): islands of west indies is the home of rum wine where is abound in sugarcane. rum is the first three words of rum bullion which means excitement. rum is distilled wine made from sugarcane as the raw material. it is different for the difference of producing area and the way to make it. it can be divided into three types according to the tint. it is one of the basic wines in confecting cocktail.the origin of rum: the producing area is mainly in the place where people speak spanish and english, such as puerto rico, jamaica, and java along the east indies. puerto rico rum (puerto rico) which is famous for its light wine.demerara rum rather than jamaica sales a large amount to the united states.batavian run (batavian) is spicy java lime liquor. it is special because of the special flavor of honey, water, and the rice added to it to ferment.hawaiian rum (hawaii) is the lightest available wine in the market which is made lately. it is the best beverages with orange juice. with ice and quinine water, rum is the best beverages in the hot days.at present, ordinary chinese people have always just used alcohol to help them celebrate the happiness in their lives. in china, a banquet known as jiuxi means an alcohol banquet and the life of every person, from birth to death, should have pauses for drinking banquets starting a month or 100 days after a babys birth when the parents invite people in for a drink. when someone builds a new house, marries, starts a business, makes a fortune or lives a long life, he should invite people in for a drinking session. in modern times it is a pity that the games that go with drink are not the elegant ones of the past that involved poetry or music. today, drinkers just play simple finger guessing games along with a lot of heavy drinking. it also seems today that friendship depends only on the volume of drink being consumed. if we are good friends, then bottom up; if not, then just take a sip is a common phrased exchanged during gatherings. as we know, china has 56 nationalities and a wide range of territory. there is varied drinking custom for different nationalities. korean aged winethe wine is brewing before rosh hashanah which is equal to the new year of han people. rice is the main material of aged wine with the mixture of ballad, salamanders and cinnamon and other kinds of traditional chinese herbal medicine. it is a wine similar to su tu wine with different prescription medicines. it is used to drink during the spring and to treat people. drinking this kind of wine is believed to live longevity. 2. major holiday drinking customsseveral major chinese festival of the year have a corresponding drinking activities, such as the dragon boat festival drink calamus wine. suspended drink chrysanthemum wine. in some places, such as jiangxi, people gathered to drink after planting the cereal crop or to celebrate the harvest time. chinese new year also is known as new years eve. it is the day for family reunion to have the most sumptuous dinner of the year. dinner and wine are essential to the even poorest family. in some places, people generally do not leave the house on the first day of the first lunar month. from the second day, people begin to drop around. the owner of the house takes the dishes which have been prepared earlier to the table and enjoy the wine with the guests. liquor of daughter in the southaccording to the earliest record by the southern grasses that the southern people began to make wine when their daughter was several years old. then they bury the brewed wine when their daughter got married. this kind of wine was inherited in shaoxing and developed to be famous as huadiao jiuanother difference exists in the custom of drinking wine. as is known to us, china is a big country with 56 nationalities and vast territory. most of the nations have its own distinctive wine and custom of drinking wine. however, there still exists the common character: encouraging people to drink. while in western countries, no one will encourage you to drink. it is up to you to drink or not. no one would associate toasting people with the face. it there exists buying wine culture, that is, today i buy the wine for you in a bar; tomorrow you will buy for me.wine culture brings about the difference of ideology of flows. wine culture that caused great effect ion the east and west civilization is embodied in the feminism. in the west, fete is an important means of worship of wine. the housewives and girls gathered in wild mountains to dance and enjoy themselves the whole night. women could communicate with any people. although the man was discontented with this, he could not have any complaints. this tradition was handed down. as a result, women got almost the same status with the man in the west. the worship of wine came along with the mysterious worship of maternity, which rippled in the civilization of the west. it was not the case in china. although at the beginning, the wine was brewed for the daughter of yu, women were deprived of right of drinking wine by man. the girls in the dream of red mansion mostly drank fruit wine. the liquor, repetitive of wine, was the patent of men, such as jia zheng. the status of women was gradually promoted after the spread of western culture during the period of fourth five. women have the same right of drinking wine in modern times. b.the similarities of wine culture1. having a beautiful legend about the origin of the wine.although there is much difference of wine culture between china and western countries, we can not neglect the similarities. in the first place, both china and western countries have a beautiful legend about the origin of the wine. in china, some people think that du kang invented the method to make wine with a history of 4000years, while other people think that yi di was the first person to brew wine. however, there is a basically clear record about the origin of wine. in the west, though there is a not clear historical record, a beautiful legend about the origin of wine was handed down. it was said that an ancient persian king sealed the remnant grapes in the barrel and labeled the word poison to prevent others from eating them. there was a concubine disfavored by the king and lived painfully opportunely to see the poison barrel and wanted to die at that time. she opened it and drunk for a few mouths. she felt not painful but a sense of intoxication when she was waiting to die. then she told the king the matter. a test is unavoidable. this, of course, is a beautiful legend. but the wine, indeed, enhanced the enjoyment of mankind.2. the wine is a kind of cultural symbolism of wine spirit.in the second place, the world culture has the surprising similarities. in the realm of literature and art, the wine spirit is everywhere and affects the literature craftsmen deeply in that freeness, art and beauty is united. freeness reaches art and art produces beauty. to get the free state of art with intoxication is an important channel to get rid of bind and get the ability of creation by the ancient chinese arts.